前边有介绍mongodb的安装以及ror项目的搭建,现在进行一下整合。
1.创建项目
创建项目时不再使用rails active_record支持
rails new todo -O
2.我们将要使用MongoMapper来驱动MongoDB到Rails
编辑GemFile,增加下面的内容
gem"mongo_mapper"
然后 执行 bundle install 安装gem
bundle install
3.添加数据库链接
在config/initializer下面新建一个mongo.rb文件,指定全局的数据库信息:
MongoMapper.connection = Mongo::Connection.new('localhost', 27017) MongoMapper.database ='todo'#通过指定Rails运行环境参数,我们可以在不同的运行环境下创建互不干扰的数据,为了简单起见,没有为不同的环境指定不同的数据
if defined?(PhusionPassenger) PhusionPassenger.on_event(:starting_worker_process)do|forked| MongoMapper.connection.connectifforked end end
完成以上步骤后,启动程序:
$ rails server
**Notice: C extension not loaded. This is required for optimum MongoDB Ruby driver performance. You can install the extension as follows:
gem install bson_ext
If you continue to receive this message after installing, make sure that the bson_ext gem is in your load path and that the bson_ext and mongo gems are of the same version. => Booting WEBrick => Rails 3.0.10 application starting in development on http://0.0.0.0:3000 => Call with -d to detach => Ctrl-C to shutdown server [2011-10-19 23:36:14] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1 [2011-10-19 23:36:14] INFO ruby 1.9.2 (2011-07-09) [x86_64-linux] [2011-10-19 23:36:14] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=19595 port=3000
从上面输出中可以看到bson_ext库没有加载。按照提示安装该库即可(别忘了在gemfile中添加gem):
再次启动程序,Notice提示消息消失,启动正常。在浏览器输入:http://127.0.0.1:3000,就可以看到如下页面
4.添加页面和处理逻辑
通过rails的generate命令来生成页面、控制器和模型层文件(个人还是喜欢自己手动创建,这里为了演示方便)
rails generate scaffold project name:string --orm=mongo_mapper
由于我们使用mongo作为数据库。那么,我们需要把ActiveRecord的model,改成MongoMapper的类型,也就是把继承关系从ActiveRecord::Base变成MongoMapper::Document。我们使用key这个方法标明该MongoMapper的字段属性。我们的属性是name,再加上这个字段的类型String,那么定义如下:
classProject include MongoMapper::Document key:name,String end
通过以上的修改,我们就已经拥有了所有添加,更新,删除和列表的操作
5.数据查看
可以通过命令mongo进入mongodb数据库进行数据的查询
mongo //进入数据库 use todo //切换库 db.projects.find() //执行查询
6.其他
MongoMapper和ActiveRecord是完全相同的。甚至,MongoMapper还是支持ActiveRecord的验证方式如下
validates_presence_of:name
由于MongoDB没有schema-less(数据版本记录)我们可以非常容易的添加和更改model的属性,而不需要执行任何migrations的操作。比如,我们需要添加一个priority的属性,我们仅仅需要的是修改Project model如下:
classProject include MongoMapper::Document key:name,String,:required=>true key:priority,Integer end
表之间的关联对于MongoDB这里稍微有点区别,我们需要ObjectId类型来存储所有id。
至于,处理不同表之前的关联,我们可以像ActiveRecord一样定义belongs_to,当然,稍微有点不同,在Project中我们需要定义has_many :tasks,在MongoMapper中需要用many代替。
我目前也就做到这里。有时间再去深入研究其他的功能。
PS:Ruby编写MongoDB备份脚本(fsync & lock)
#!/usr/local/bin/ruby # date: 06-12-2014 # auther: lucifer # use fsync and lock to the file-system before backup the file-system # mongo-ruby-driver version > 1.10.0 require 'mongo' require 'fileutils' require 'date' include Mongo include BSON # the members of replcation-set # test mongodb server version 2.6.0 # host = "192.168.11.51" # The port of members # If the port is 27017 by default then otherport don't need to assignment # otherport = "" # port = otherport.length != 0 ? otherport : MongoClient::DEFAULT_PORT # opts = {:pool_size => 5, :pool_timeout => 10} # Create a new connection # client = MongoClient.new(host, port, opts) uri_string = "mongodb://caoqing:xxxxxxxx@x.x.x.x:27017/admin" client = MongoClient.from_uri(uri = "#{uri_string}") db = client['admin'] # fsync and lock the database cmd = OrderedHash.new cmd[:fsync] = 1 cmd[:lock] = true # p cmd db.command(cmd) # datafile path d = "/var/lib/mongo" # dir = Dir.new("#{d}") # entries = dir.entries # entries.delete_if { |entry| entry =~ /^\./} # convert the relative path to the full path # entries.map! { |entry| File.join(dir.path, entry) } # maintain only the type of file # entries.delete_if { |entry| !File.file?(entry) } # p entries start = Date.today.to_s prev = (Date.today - 7).to_s dest = "/backup/#{start}" sour = "/backup/#{prev}" FileUtils.rm_rf("#{sour}") if File::exist?("#{sour}") Dir.mkdir("#{dest}", 0755) unless File::exist?("#{dest}") FileUtils.cp_r Dir.glob("#{d}/**"), dest if client.locked? puts "*" * 20 puts "\tbackup complete" puts "*" * 20 # DB::SYSTEM_COMMAND_COLLECTION # unlock the database db["$cmd.sys.unlock"].find_one client.close
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