多实例部署优势：
- 充分利用系统资源
- mysql为单进程多线程的模型，它对多核的利用不是很好，无法充分利用系统资源。所以服务器上可以考虑多实例部署
- 资源隔离
- 如果不同的业务，部署在一个实例里，那么连接数、缓存等资源都是共享的。如果某个业务压力很大的话，很可能影响另一个业务的正常运行
- 业务、模块隔离
- 例如，A业务需要支持移动端，那么就需要升级数据库以支持utf8mb4字符集。而B业务则不需要。如果A、B是部署在一起的话，升级数据库必然会对B的业务造成影响
安装过程
复制已有的配置文件
# pwd
/etc/mysql
# cp -p mysql3306.cnf mysql3307.cnf
# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 2368 Jul 19 06:59 mysql3306.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 2368 Jul 19 06:59 mysql3307.cnf修改配置文件
# sed -i '1,$s/3306/3307/g' mysql3307.cnf
# more mysql3307.cnf
[mysqld]
# GENERAL #
user = mysql
port = 3307
socket = /data1/db3307/my3307.sock
pid_file = /data1/db3307/mysql.pid
datadir = /data1/db3307/
tmpdir = /data1/tmp
log_bin = /data1/db3307/3307-mysql-bin
relay-log = /data1/db3307/3307-relay-bin
log_error = /data1/db3307/error.log
slow_query_log_file = /data1/db3307/slow-queries.log
long_query_time=1
sync_binlog = 0
expire_logs_days = 7
back_log=1024
skip-name-resolve
skip-slave-start
skip-external-locking
skip-character-set-client-handshake
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
bind-address=0.0.0.0
#lower_case_table_names = 0
myisam_recover = FORCE,BACKUP
transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED
table_definition_cache = 4096
table_open_cache = 4096
# connection #
max_connections = 1100
max_user_connections = 1000
max_connect_errors = 1000
# timeout #
wait_timeout = 100
interactive_timeout = 100
lock_wait_timeout = 3
connect_timeout = 20
slave-net-timeout = 30
# character #
character-set-server=utf8
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
# disabled query cache #
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_size = 0
# replication #
server_id=71493307
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency
log-slave-updates
binlog-format=row
slave-parallel-workers=6
master-info-repository=TABLE
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
sync_master_info = 10000
slave_sql_verify_checksum=1
skip-slave-start
# session #
key_buffer_size = 128M
tmp_table_size = 32M
max_heap_table_size = 32M
max_allowed_packet = 32M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 128K
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 128K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M
tmp_table_size = 32M
max_heap_table_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 64
#thread_concurrency = 32
thread_stack = 192K
# INNODB #
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_data_home_dir = /data1/db3307/
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#redo log
innodb_log_group_home_dir=/data1/db3307/
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_log_file_size = 1G
#innodb performance
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 30
binlog_error_action = ABORT_SERVER
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=90
innodb_file_format=Barracuda
innodb_support_xa = 0
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1创建相关目录，修改目录拥有者
# mkdir -p /data1/db3307
# chown -R mysql:mysql /data1/db3307实例初始化
# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/mysql3307.cnf
Installing MySQL system tables...2016-07-19 08:49:04 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.24-log) starting as process 5438 ...
OK
Filling help tables...2016-07-19 08:50:33 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.24-log) starting as process 5484 ...
OK
......
# pwd
/data1/db3307
# ll
total 3222684
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 65420 Jul 19 08:50 3307-mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 1099687 Jul 19 08:50 3307-mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 72 Jul 19 08:50 3307-mysql-bin.index
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5077 Jul 19 08:50 error.log
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 962 Jul 19 08:50 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 77594624 Jul 19 08:50 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 1073741824 Jul 19 08:50 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 1073741824 Jul 19 08:50 ib_logfile1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 1073741824 Jul 19 08:50 ib_logfile2
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 19 08:50 mysql
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 19 08:50 performance_schema
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 19 08:49 test启动实例
# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/mysql3307.cnf &查看相关进程
# ps -ef |grep mysql
root 3551 2818 0 07:39 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/mysql3306.cnf
mysql 4604 3551 0 07:39 pts/1 00:00:04 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/mysql3306.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data1/db3306/ --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data1/db3306/error.log --pid-file=/data1/db3306/mysql.pid --socket=/data1/db3306/my3306.sock --port=3306
root 4630 2818 0 07:40 pts/1 00:00:00 mysql -uroot --socket=/data1/db3306/my3306.sock
root 5513 5341 0 08:53 pts/3 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/mysql3307.cnf
mysql 6566 5513 15 08:53 pts/3 00:00:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/mysql3307.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data1/db3307/ --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data1/db3307/error.log --pid-file=/data1/db3307/mysql.pid --socket=/data1/db3307/my3307.sock --port=3307账号安全设置
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+----------+
| user | host | password |
+------+-----------+----------+
| root | localhost | |
| root | miles | |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | |
| root | ::1 | |
| | localhost | |
| | miles | |
+------+-----------+----------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> delete from mysql.user where user='';
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> delete from mysql.user where host <>'localhost';
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+----------+
| user | host | password |
+------+-----------+----------+
| root | localhost | |
+------+-----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set password for root@'localhost' = password('XXXXXX');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
可以看到test数据库存在安全隐患，任何用户都可以在test进行操作
mysql> select * from mysql.db \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: %
Db: test
User:
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Host: %
Db: test\_%
User:
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from mysql.db;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop database test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)时间： 2024-10-03 05:39:58