Map(接口) 维持“键-值”对应关系(对),以便通过一个键查找相应的值
HashMap* 基于一个散列表实现(用它代替Hashtable)。针对“键-值”对的插入和检索,这种形式具有最稳定的性能。可通过构建器对这一性能进行调整,以便设置散列表的“能力”和“装载因子”
ArrayMap 由一个ArrayList后推得到的Map。对反复的顺序提供了精确的控制。面向非常小的Map设计,特别是那些需要经常创建和删除的。对于非常小的Map,创建和反复所付出的代价要比HashMap低得多。但在Map变大以后,性能也会相应地大幅度降低
TreeMap 在一个“红-黑”树的基础上实现。查看键或者“键-值”对时,它们会按固定的顺序排列(取决于Comparable或Comparator,稍后即会讲到)。TreeMap最大的好处就是我们得到的是已排好序的结果。TreeMap是含有subMap()方法的唯一一种Map,利用它可以返回树的一部分。
Map (interface) |
Maintains key-value associations (pairs), so you can look up a value using a key. |
HashMap* |
Implementation based on a hash table. (Use this instead of Hashtable.) Provides constant-time performance for inserting and locating pairs. Performance can be adjusted via constructors that allow you to set the capacity and load factor of the hash table. |
TreeMap |
Implementation based on a red-black tree. When you view the keys or the pairs, they will be in sorted order (determined by Comparable or Comparator, discussed later). The point of a TreeMap is that you get the results in sorted order. TreeMap is the only Map with the subMap() method, which allows you to return a portion of the tree. |
下例包含了两套测试数据以及一个fill()方法,利用该方法可以用任何两维数组(由Object构成)填充任何Map。这些工具也会在其他Map例子中用到。
//: Map1.java // Things you can do with Maps package c08.newcollections; import java.util.*; public class Map1 { public final static String[][] testData1 = { { "Happy", "Cheerful disposition" }, { "Sleepy", "Prefers dark, quiet places" }, { "Grumpy", "Needs to work on attitude" }, { "Doc", "Fantasizes about advanced degree"}, { "Dopey", "'A' for effort" }, { "Sneezy", "Struggles with allergies" }, { "Bashful", "Needs self-esteem workshop"}, }; public final static String[][] testData2 = { { "Belligerent", "Disruptive influence" }, { "Lazy", "Motivational problems" }, { "Comatose", "Excellent behavior" } }; public static Map fill(Map m, Object[][] o) { for(int i = 0; i < o.length; i++) m.put(o[i][0], o[i][1]); return m; } // Producing a Set of the keys: public static void printKeys(Map m) { System.out.print("Size = " + m.size() +", "); System.out.print("Keys: "); Collection1.print(m.keySet()); } // Producing a Collection of the values: public static void printValues(Map m) { System.out.print("Values: "); Collection1.print(m.values()); } // Iterating through Map.Entry objects (pairs): public static void print(Map m) { Collection entries = m.entries(); Iterator it = entries.iterator(); while(it.hasNext()) { Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry)it.next(); System.out.println("Key = " + e.getKey() + ", Value = " + e.getValue()); } } public static void test(Map m) { fill(m, testData1); // Map has 'Set' behavior for keys: fill(m, testData1); printKeys(m); printValues(m); print(m); String key = testData1[4][0]; String value = testData1[4][1]; System.out.println("m.containsKey(\"" + key + "\"): " + m.containsKey(key)); System.out.println("m.get(\"" + key + "\"): " + m.get(key)); System.out.println("m.containsValue(\"" + value + "\"): " + m.containsValue(value)); Map m2 = fill(new TreeMap(), testData2); m.putAll(m2); printKeys(m); m.remove(testData2[0][0]); printKeys(m); m.clear(); System.out.println("m.isEmpty(): " + m.isEmpty()); fill(m, testData1); // Operations on the Set change the Map: m.keySet().removeAll(m.keySet()); System.out.println("m.isEmpty(): " + m.isEmpty()); } public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println("Testing HashMap"); test(new HashMap()); System.out.println("Testing TreeMap"); test(new TreeMap()); } } ///:~
printKeys(),printValues()以及print()方法并不只是有用的工具,它们也清楚地揭示了一个Map的Collection“景象”的产生过程。keySet()方法会产生一个Set,它由Map中的键后推得来。在这儿,它只被当作一个Collection对待。values()也得到了类似的对待,它的作用是产生一个List,其中包含了Map中的所有值(注意键必须是独一无二的,而值可以有重复)。由于这些Collection是由Map后推得到的,所以一个Collection中的任何改变都会在相应的Map中反映出来。
print()方法的作用是收集由entries产生的Iterator(反复器),并用它同时打印出每个“键-值”对的键和值。程序剩余的部分提供了每种Map操作的简单示例,并对每种类型的Map进行了测试。
当创建自己的类,将其作为Map中的一个键使用时,必须注意到和以前的Set相同的问题。
以上是小编为您精心准备的的内容,在的博客、问答、公众号、人物、课程等栏目也有的相关内容,欢迎继续使用右上角搜索按钮进行搜索map
, collection
, system
, public
, treemap
, 一个
, arraywalk和arraymap
, keyset
, ArrayMap
, ArrayMap源码
map方法
oruxmaps使用教程、citymaps2go使用教程、oruxmaps使用教程视频、google sky maps使用、mapsme使用技巧,以便于您获取更多的相关知识。