[20151116]rman 全备份以及增量0级备份.txt

[20151116]rman 全备份以及增量0级备份.txt

--前一阵子写了一篇将as copy作为增量0级备份的帖子，今天对比全备份以及增量0级备份的不同。

1.测试环境：
SCOTT@book> @ &r/ver1
PORT_STRING                    VERSION        BANNER
------------------------------ -------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x86_64/Linux 2.4.xx            11.2.0.4.0     Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

--设置表空间只读，为了比较的方便：

SCOTT@book> alter tablespace example read only ;
Tablespace altered.

--为了测试方便清除全部备份级以及copy备份。

RMAN> backup datafile 5  format '/home/oracle/backup/full_example_%u.dbf' tag='FULL';

Starting backup at 2015-11-16 16:21:15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/example01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015-11-16 16:21:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015-11-16 16:21:16
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/full_example_3uqmdtrr.dbf tag=FULL comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2015-11-16 16:21:16

RMAN> backup incremental level 0 datafile 5  format '/home/oracle/backup/inc0_example_%u.dbf' TAG='INC0';

Starting backup at 2015-11-16 16:21:28
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/mnt/ramdisk/book/example01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015-11-16 16:21:29
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015-11-16 16:21:30
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/inc0_example_3vqmdts9.dbf tag=INC0 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2015-11-16 16:21:30

--查看文件：
]$ ls -l /home/oracle/backup/[fi]*example*.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 72187904 2015-11-16 16:21:15 /home/oracle/backup/full_example_3uqmdtrr.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 72187904 2015-11-16 16:21:29 /home/oracle/backup/inc0_example_3vqmdts9.dbf

--可以发现2个文件大小一致。

2.比较：
--先转换成ascii文件：

$  hexdump  -C full_example_3uqmdtrr.dbf > full.txt
$  hexdump  -C inc0_example_3vqmdts9.dbf > inc0.txt

$ diff  full.txt inc0.txt
7,8c7,8
< 00002010  98 6f 00 00 00 04 20 0b  00 04 20 0b 45 8b 9b 4f  |.o.... ... .E..O|
< 00002020  42 4f 4f 4b 00 00 00 00  e2 24 00 00 00 00 00 00  |BOOK....?......|
---
> 00002010  63 08 00 00 00 04 20 0b  00 04 20 0b 45 8b 9b 4f  |c..... ... .E..O|
            ~~~~~
> 00002020  42 4f 4f 4b 00 00 00 00  eb 24 00 00 00 00 00 00  |BOOK....?......|
12,13c12,13
< 00002060  01 00 00 00 7b f7 66 35  7e 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |....{鱢5~.......|
< 00002070  01 00 00 00 46 55 4c 4c  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |....FULL........|
---
> 00002060  01 00 00 00 89 f7 66 35  7f 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |.....鱢5........|
                        ~~           ~~
> 00002070  01 00 00 00 49 4e 43 30  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |....INC0........|
                        ~~~~~~~~~~~
                        tag不同比较容易发现
15c15
< 00002090  00 00 00 00 04 04 00 00  4b 01 00 00 03 a5 00 00  |........K....?.|
---
> 00002090  00 00 00 00 05 04 00 00  4b 01 00 00 03 a5 00 00  |........K....?.|
                        ~~

--注意仅仅标识~ 的部分不同。
SCOTT@book> @ &r/16to10 2010
16 to 10 DEC
------------
        8208

SCOTT@book> @ &r/16to10 2090
16 to 10 DEC
------------
        8336

--如果以8k作为1个块，仅仅第2块不同。

RMAN> list backupset ;

List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
116     Full    68.84M     DISK        00:00:00     2015-11-16 16:21:15
        BP Key: 116   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: FULL
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/full_example_3uqmdtrr.dbf
  List of Datafiles in backup set 116
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
  5       Full 1774661    2015-11-16 16:16:33 /mnt/ramdisk/book/example01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
117     Incr 0  68.84M     DISK        00:00:00     2015-11-16 16:21:29
        BP Key: 117   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: INC0
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/inc0_example_3vqmdts9.dbf
  List of Datafiles in backup set 117
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
  5    0  Incr 1774661    2015-11-16 16:16:33 /mnt/ramdisk/book/example01.dbf

--除了tag标识比较容易识别外，其它看不出来。
--116 = 0x74  1774661 = 0x1b1445

3.感觉两者差别不大，不过rman的catalog命令并不能把full备份的备份集换成增量备份集。

RMAN> catalog backuppiece "/home/oracle/backup/full_example_3uqmdtrr.dbf" level 0;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00558: error encountered while parsing input commands
RMAN-01009: syntax error: found "level": expecting one of: "comma, ;"
RMAN-01007: at line 1 column 69 file: standard input

--晚上正好看了链接：http://www.pythian.com/blog/rman-full-backup-level-0-incrmental/
What might these mean?
Here’s a possible explanation:

0x2094 = 0x04 = FULL
0x2094 = 0x05 = Incremental

0x2095 = 0x04 = level 0 if the previous byte is 0x05
0x2095 = 0x00 = level 1 if the previous byte is 0x05

---如果我改动偏移0x2094=0x05 是否可以变成增量呢？测试看看。

4.继续测试：

RMAN> change backuppiece "/home/oracle/backup/full_example_3uqmdtrr.dbf" uncatalog ;
uncataloged backup piece
backup piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/full_example_3uqmdtrr.dbf RECID=116 STAMP=895940475
Uncataloged 1 objects

$  bvi -b 0 -s 16384 full_example_3uqmdtrr.dbf

-- 改动偏移0x2094 ,0x04=>0x05.

-- 使用bbed修改检查和。
BBED> set dba 20,1
        DBA             0x05000001 (83886081 20,1)

BBED> sum
Check value for File 20, Block 1:
current = 0x6f98, required = 0x6f99

BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 20, Block 1:
current = 0x6f99, required = 0x6f99
--注：从这里可以推出：0x2010 处是 检查和。
--注： 如果不改检查和，会报错：
RMAN> catalog backuppiece "/home/oracle/backup/full_example_3uqmdtrr.dbf" ;
ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /home/oracle/backup/full_example_3uqmdtrr.dbf
ORA-19608: /home/oracle/backup/full_example_3uqmdtrr.dbf is not a backup piece
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of catalog command at 11/17/2015 08:21:01
RMAN-06209: List of failed objects
RMAN-06211: ==========================
RMAN-06212:   Object Type   Filename/Handle
RMAN-06213: --------------- ---------------------------------------------------
RMAN-06214: Backup Piece    /home/oracle/backup/full_example_3uqmdtrr.dbf
--------------------

RMAN> catalog backuppiece "/home/oracle/backup/full_example_3uqmdtrr.dbf" ;
cataloged backup piece
backup piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/full_example_3uqmdtrr.dbf RECID=118 STAMP=895998477

--OK注册成功！RECID=118

RMAN> list backupset ;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
117     Incr 0  68.84M     DISK        00:00:00     2015-11-16 16:21:29
        BP Key: 117   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: INC0
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/inc0_example_3vqmdts9.dbf
  List of Datafiles in backup set 117
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
  5    0  Incr 1774661    2015-11-16 16:16:33 /mnt/ramdisk/book/example01.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
118     Incr 0  68.84M     DISK        00:00:00     2015-11-16 16:21:15
        BP Key: 118   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: FULL
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/full_example_3uqmdtrr.dbf
  List of Datafiles in backup set 118
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
  5       Full 1774661    2015-11-16 16:16:33 /mnt/ramdisk/book/example01.dbf

--注意看BS_KEY=118 的TAG=FULL.

--验证看看是否可以使用：
RMAN> change backuppiece tag INC0 uncatalog;
uncataloged backup piece
backup piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/inc0_example_3vqmdts9.dbf RECID=117 STAMP=895940489
Uncataloged 1 objects

RMAN> restore datafile 5 preview;
Starting restore at 2015-11-17 08:44:55
using channel ORA_DISK_1

List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
118     Incr 0  68.84M     DISK        00:00:00     2015-11-16 16:21:15
        BP Key: 118   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: FULL
        Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/full_example_3uqmdtrr.dbf
  List of Datafiles in backup set 118
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
  5       Full 1774661    2015-11-16 16:16:33 /mnt/ramdisk/book/example01.dbf
Finished restore at 2015-11-17 08:44:55

RMAN> recover datafile 5 preview;

Starting recover at 2015-11-17 08:45:01
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_1

List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name BOOK
=====================================================================

Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - -------------------
37      1    43      A 2015-11-14 10:07:15
        Name: /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/book/1_43_894797959.dbf

Media recovery start SCN is 1774661
Recovery must be done beyond SCN 1774661 to clear datafile fuzziness
Finished recover at 2015-11-17 08:45:01

--至少验证通过，说明full备份与0级备份文件差别不大，仅仅存在细微的差别。
--说实在知道这些没有意义，仅仅做一些简单探究。

时间： 2024-09-01 21:31:11

[20151116]rman 全备份以及增量0级备份.txt的相关文章

1112catalog copy的数据文件作为0级备份

[20151112]catalog copy的数据文件作为0级备份.txt --使用热备份模式备份的文件是否可以作为0级备份呢? --以前学习rman这部分内容时候有点混乱,无法理解为什么使用rman backup as copy 的数据文件与0级备份的数据文件存在那些不同. --是否使用热备份以及backpup as copy备份的数据文件是否可以作为0级备份. --通过例子来说明: 1.测试环境: SYS@book> @ &r/ver1 PORT_STRING              

0级备份和全备份的本质区别

准备:将测试环境的users表空间只读 测试: 1.数据库0级别备份 RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database tag 'levle0' format '/home/oracle/guo/%U'; Starting backup at 23-MAY-15 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set channel

1207catalog copy的数据文件作为0级备份2

[20151207]catalog copy的数据文件作为0级备份补充.txt --  前一阵子写了1篇blog,使用热备份模式备份的文件是否可以作为0级备份. --  以及使用backpup as copy备份的数据文件是否可以作为0级备份. --  链接:http://blog.itpub.net/267265/viewspace-1832475/ --  当时困惑的是使用catalog datafilecopy '/home/oracle/backup/datafile_4_USERS.d

Linux系统mysql5.7数据库的全量备份和增量备份shell实例

曾经之前也有写过类似mysql全量和增量备份脚本,不过过于简单.昨天晚上给公司线上服务器写了个针对mysql5.7的,相对来讲更为优化的一个实例. 注:这个脚本仅仅适合小型数据库,不适合中大型数据库.毕竟是逻辑备份方式,数据库过大导入会比较慢,建议采用innobackupex方式备份,包括我自己服务器也是采用的innobackupex. 全量备份脚本: #!/bin/bash #bak mysql all # v1.0 #2016.8.4 TIME=`date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S` L

shell实现mysql mysqldump实现数据全备份或增量备份

本篇文章主要讲如何使用shell实现mysql全量,增量备份.增量备份在周一-周六凌晨3点,会复制mysql-bin.00000*到指定目录:而全量备份则使用mysqldump将所有的数据库导出,每周日凌晨3点执,并会删除上周留下的mysq-bin.00000*.然后对mysql的备份操作会保留在bak.log文件中.如下图: 开始:2013年05月02日 15:10:57 结束:2013年05月02日 15:12:16 20130502.sql.tgz succ是由DBFullyBak.sh产

mysql mysqldump数据备份和增量备份_Mysql

本篇文章主要讲如何使用shell实现mysql全量,增量备份.增量备份在周一-周六凌晨3点,会复制mysql-bin.00000*到指定目录:而全量备份则使用mysqldump将所有的数据库导出,每周日凌晨3点执,并会删除上周留下的mysq-bin.00000*.然后对mysql的备份操作会保留在bak.log文件中.如下图:开始:2013年05月02日 15:10:57 结束:2013年05月02日 15:12:16 20130502.sql.tgz succ是由DBFullyBak.sh产生

AutoArchive 0.5.0发布 备份工具

AutoArchive是一款用于更容易地创建备份的实用工具.它可以在单个文件中创建所有重要信息的备份,使用'tar'来创建归档的文件,它具有一个命令行界面,支持增量备份. AutoArchive 0.5.0该版本添加所有配置档案的清单,以及关于它们的详细信息.有了这个功能,你可以看到当前的备份存档状况.自动存档现在能够显示和清除内部数据存储没有较长的现有档案.已加入许多其他小的改进和错误修正. 软件信息:http://autoarchive.sourceforge.net/ 下载地址:http:

foxmail7.2怎么导入foxmail7.0的备份邮件?

foxmail7.2怎么导入7.0的邮件备份步骤如下(先关闭foxmail7.2): 1.备份原7.0版本安装文件夹下的data文件夹,特别注意data/mails文件夹下的Index和Index.key文件要完好,否则导入不成功: 找到原foxmail客户端安装目录 如图,D:\Program Files\Foxmail 7.0\Data 备份整个Data目录到指定位置(这里指的是安装到了哪个盘符里面) 2.将data文件夹下的全部内容拷贝到7.2版本的安装文件夹下,并打开foxmail7.2

MySQL完全备份、增量备份与恢复实例

场景:每周日执行一次完全备份,每天下午1点执行增量备份 [ 配置 ] 执行增量备份的前提条件是MySQL打开log-bin 日志开关,例如在my.ini或my.cnf中 加入 log-bin=/opt/data/mysql-bin "log-bin="后的字符串为日志记载目录,一般建议放在不同于mysql数据目录的磁盘上. [ 完全备份] 假定星期日下午1点执行完全备份,适用于MyISAM存储引擎. mysqldump –lock-all-tables –flush-logs –mas