利用mpls解决BGP路由黑洞配置命令全解析
——By Jim
什么是BGP路由黑洞?
BGP规定无论路由器是否启动bgp都要无条件地转发BGP消息和更新包(凌驾于IGP之上),违背了IGP"非igp路由器阻断igp域"的原则,因而辗转造成了BGP路由器"居然ping不通路由表中的条目"的现象,也就是所谓的路由黑洞。
本实验用gns3模拟器3640路由器完成,笔者将配置全拷贝,读者按图搭建拓扑后直接右击复制命令行即可完成实验。
实验拓扑:
第一步:底层基础配置
R1:
int
e0/1
no shu
ip add 12.12.12.1
255.255.255.0
int loo
0
ip add 1.1.1.1
255.255.255.0
int loo
100
ip add 100.100.100.1
255.255.255.0
router os
1
router-id
1.1.1.1
net 12.12.12.1
255.255.255.0 a 0
net 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 a
0
!
!
!
R2:
int
e0/1
no shu
ip add 12.12.12.2
255.255.255.0
int
e0/2
no shu
ip add 23.23.23.2
255.255.255.0
no shu
int loo
0
ip add 2.2.2.2
255.255.255.0
router os
1
router-id
2.2.2.2
net 12.12.12.2
255.255.255.0 a 0
net 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0 a
0
net 23.23.23.2
255.255.255.0 a 0
!
!
!
R3:
int
e0/1
ip add 23.23.23.3
255.255.255.0
int
e0/2
ip add 34.34.34.3
255.255.255.0
int lo
0
ip add 3.3.3.3
255.255.255.0
router os
1
router-id
3.3.3.3
net 23.23.23.3
255.255.255.0 a 0
net 34.34.34.3
255.255.255.0 a 0
net 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0 a
0
!
!
!
R4
int
e0/1
no shu
ip add 34.34.34.4
255.255.255.0
int
e0/2
no shu
ip add 45.45.45.4
255.255.255.0
int loo
0
ip add 4.4.4.4
255.255.255.0
ROUTER OS
1
router-id
4.4.4.4
net 34.34.34.4
255.255.255.0 a 0
net 45.45.45.4
255.255.255.0 a 0
net 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.0 a
0
!
!
!
R5
int
e0/1
no shu
ip add 45.45.45.5
255.255.255.0
int loo
0
ip add 5.5.5.5
255.255.255.0
int loo
200
ip add 200.200.200.1
255.255.255.0
router os
1
router-id
5.5.5.5
net 45.45.45.5
255.255.255.0 a 0
net 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.0 a
0
!
!
!
!
第二步:进行bgp的配置
R1
router bgp
12345
no au
no syn
bgp router-id
1.1.1.1
neighbor 5.5.5.5 remote-as
12345
neighbor 5.5.5.5
update-source loo 0
neighbor 5.5.5.5
next-hop-self
net 100.100.100.0 mask
255.255.255.0
!
!
!
R5:
router bgp
12345
no au
no syn
bgp router-id
5.5.5.5
neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as
12345
neighbor 1.1.1.1
update-source loopback 0
neighbor 1.1.1.1
next-hop-self
net 200.200.200.0 mask
255.255.255.0
!
!
!
=====================================================================
!
!
!
第三步:校验
R1#show ip route
bgp
B 200.200.200.0/24 [200/0]
via 5.5.5.5, 00:55:29
!
R5#show ip route
bgp
100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted,
1 subnets
B 100.100.100.0 [200/0] via
1.1.1.1, 00:57:47
此时R1和R5都通过BGP学到了AS外的路由。
但是!!!
R1#ping
200.200.200.0
Type escape sequence to
abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP
Echos to 200.200.200.0, timeout is 2 seconds:
UUUUU
Success rate is 0 percent
(0/5)
!
R1#trace
200.200.200.0
Type escape sequence to
abort.
Tracing the route to
200.200.200.0
1 12.12.12.2 36 msec 56
msec 16 msec
2 12.12.12.2 !H !H
!H
同理,R5也ping不通100.100.100.0,直接原因都是卡在第一条。
根本原因:出现了路由黑洞,R2R3R4上没有自治系统外的路由条目,收到该路由包直接丢弃!
第四步:配置mpls
ldp
R1:
mpls ldp router-id loopback
0
mpls label range 100
199
int
e0/1
mpls ip
!
!
!
R2:
mpls ldp router-id loopback
0
mpls label range 200
299
int
e0/1
mpls ip
int
e0/2
mpls ip
!
!
!
!
R3:
mpls ldp router-id loopback
0
mpls label range 300
399
int
e0/1
mpls ip
int
e0/2
mpls ip
!
!
!
R4:
mpls ldp router-id loopback
0
mpls label range 400
499
int
e0/1
mpls ip
int
e0/2
mpls ip
!
!
!
!
R5:
mpls ldp router-id loo
0
mpls label range 500
599
int
e0/1
mpls ip
=====================================================================
第五步:验证
R1#ping
200.200.200.0
Type escape sequence to
abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP
Echos to 200.200.200.0, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent
(5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 104/128/176 ms
!
!
R1#trace
200.200.200.0
Type escape sequence to
abort.
Tracing the route to
200.200.200.0
1 12.12.12.2 [MPLS: Label
204 Exp 0] 120 msec 112 msec 136 msec
2 23.23.23.3 [MPLS: Label
303 Exp 0] 124 msec 120 msec 128 msec
3 34.34.34.4 [MPLS: Label
403 Exp 0] 108 msec 92 msec 112 msec
4 45.45.45.5 124 msec 140
msec 124 msec
同理R5也能ping通100.100.100.0
……………………成功…………………………