ORACLE opatch命令学习实践

  opatch 是ORACLE开发的用来安装，卸载，检测patch冲突、管理ORACLE所有已经安装的补丁的工具，当然这是一个命令工具。opatch命令工具一般位于$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/下，

1: 查看opatch帮助信息

一般可以用./opatch -help来查看帮助提示。不同版本的opatch的命令有所差异，通过help看到的信息估计有所出入。虽然opatch只有这几个命令，但是每个命令都有大量的参数，所以要完全掌握，还是需要花点时间去学习、实践。

[oracle@DB-Server OPatch]$ ./opatch -help
Invoking OPatch 10.2.0.4.2

Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 10.2.0.4.2
Copyright (c) 2007, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Usage: opatch [ -help ] [ -r[eport] ] [ command ]

            command := apply
                       lsinventory
                       napply
                       nrollback
                       rollback
                       query
                       version
                       prereq
                       util

<global_arguments> := -help       Displays the help message for the command.
                       -report     Print the actions without executing.

example:
   'opatch -help'
   'opatch apply -help'
   'opatch lsinventory -help'
   'opatch napply -help'
   'opatch nrollback -help'
   'opatch rollback -help'
   'opatch prereq -help'
   'opatch util -help'

OPatch succeeded.

ORACLE 10g Release 2 官方文档关于opatch介绍http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/em.102/b16227/oui8_opatch.htm ，里面关于opatch命令的介绍如下

Table 7-1 OPatch Commands

关于opatch命令的详细文档信息其实可以查看 Users_Guide.txt & FAQ等

[oracle@DB-Server OPatch]$ ls

docs emdpatch.pl jlib opatch opatch.ini opatch.pl opatchprereqs

[oracle@DB-Server OPatch]$ cd docs/

[oracle@DB-Server docs]$ ls

FAQ Prereq_Users_Guide.txt Users_Guide.txt

2:查看opatch版本信息

[oracle@DB-Server OPatch]$ ./opatch version

Invoking OPatch 10.2.0.4.2

OPatch Version: 10.2.0.4.2

OPatch succeeded.

3:opatch 打补丁示例

以补丁p6074620_10204_Linux-x86-64.zip为例

Setp 1: 下载解压补丁文件

[oracle@DB-Server u04]$ unzip p6074620_10204_Linux-x86-64.zip

[oracle@DB-Server u04]$ cd 6074620/

Step 2: 关闭数据库实例

Step 3：查看补丁README.txt文件，了解注意事项

[oracle@DB-Server 6074620]$ more README.txt 

# 

#  WARNING: Failure to carefully read and understand these requirements may

#  result in your applying a patch that can cause  your Oracle Server to

#  malfunction, including interruption of service and/or loss of data. 

# 

#  If you do not meet all of the following requirements, please log an

#  iTAR, so that an Oracle Support Analyst may review your situation. The

#  Oracle analyst will help you determine if this patch is suitable for you

#  to apply to your system. We recommend that you avoid applying any

#  temporary patch unless directed by an Oracle Support Analyst who has

#  reviewed your system and determined that it is applicable. 

# 

#  Requirements: 

# 

#    - You must have located this patch via a Bug Database entry

#      and have the exact symptoms described in the bug entry. 

# 

#    - Your system configuration (Oracle Server version and patch

#      level, OS Version) must exactly match those in the bug

#      database entry - You must have NO OTHER PATCHES installed on

#      your Oracle Server since the latest patch set (or base release

#      x.y.z if you have no patch sets installed).

# 

#    - [Oracle 9.2.0.2 & above] You must have Perl 5.00503 (or later)

#      installed under the ORACLE_HOME, or elsewhere within the host

#      environment. OPatch is no longer included in patches as of 9.2.0.2.

#      Refer to the following link for details on Perl and OPatch:

#      http://metalink.oracle.com/metalink/plsql/ml2_documents.showDocument?p_database_id=NOT&p_id=189489.1

# 

#    - [IBM AIX O/S & Java patches for Oracle 9.2] 

#      In order to apply java class updates to IBM AIX based systems using 

#      java_131, you must update your java if you are running a version prior 

#      to Service Refresh build date 20030630a. This is 

#      necessary to fix IBM Defect#60472. 

# 

#      To identify which java build date you are on, enter the following 

#      command ; 

# 

#      > $ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin/java -fullversion 

#      ... example response ... 

#      java full version "J2RE 1.3.1 IBM AIX build ca131-20030630a" 

# 

#      The string ends in the date format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDa where 'a' 

#      indicates an updated release to the original build. You should always 

#      apply the latest AIX Java SDK 1.3.1  Service Update available from IBM. 

#      As a minimum, the above service refresh can be found under 

#      APAR IY47055. The signature for the updated JVM is ca131-20030630a. 

#      Information on the latest available fixes, as well as how to apply 

#      the APARs to your AIX systems, is available at the IBM Java site.

# 

#      If you are running AIX 5L, you can safely ignore any comment against

#      the APAR that says (AIXV43 only). The APAR is applicable to 

#      both AIX 4.3 and AIX 5L. 

# 

#      Once you have updated your java installation you need to copy these 

#      updated files to Oracle's copies in $ORACLE_HOME/jdk. 

#      As the Oracle owner, simply issue the following commands; 

# 

#      > cd /usr/java131 

#      > cp -fpR * $ORACLE_HOME/jdk 

# 

#

#  If you do NOT meet these requirements, or are not certain that you meet

#  these requirements, please log an iTAR requesting assistance with this

#  patch and Support will make a determination about whether you should

#  apply this patch. 

# 

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------

#  Interim Patch for Base Bugs: 6074620 

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------

#

#  DATE:  Thu Jan 29 22:43:53 2009

#  -------------------------------

#  Platform Patch for : Linux x86-64

#  Product Version #  : 10.2.0.4

#  Product Patched    : RDBMS

#

#  Bugs Fixed by this patch:

#  -------------------------

#  6074620:LGWR UNCONDITIONALLY WRITES TO TRACE FILE

#

#  Patch Installation Instructions:

#  --------------------------------

#  To apply the patch, unzip the PSE container file:

#

#  p6074620_10204_Linux-x86-64.zip

#

#  Set your current directory to the directory where the patch

#  is located:

#

#    % cd 6074620

#

#  Ensure that the directory containing the opatch script appears in

#  your $PATH; then enter the following command:

#

#    % opatch apply

#

#  Patch Special Instructions:

#  ---------------------------

#  Make sure all instances running under the ORACLE_HOME being patched

#  are cleanly shutdown before installing this patch. Also ensure that

#  the tool used to terminate the instance(s) has exited cleanly.

#

#  If the Oracle inventory is not setup correctly this utility will

#  fail. To check accessibility to the inventory you can use the

#  command

#

#    % opatch lsinventory

#

#  If you have any problems installing this PSE or are not sure

#  about inventory setup please call Oracle support.

#

#  Patch Deinstallation Instructions:

#  ----------------------------------

#  Use the following command:

#

#    % cd 6074620

#    % opatch rollback -id 6074620

#

Setp 4: opatch打补丁

[oracle@DB-Server 6074620]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply

Invoking OPatch 10.2.0.4.2

Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 10.2.0.4.2

Copyright (c) 2007, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

Central Inventory : /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory

from : /etc/oraInst.loc

OPatch version : 10.2.0.4.2

OUI version : 10.2.0.4.0

OUI location : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oui

Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2014-04-11_17-02-01PM.log

ApplySession applying interim patch '6074620' to OH '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1'

Running prerequisite checks...

OPatch detected non-cluster Oracle Home from the inventory and will patch the local system only.

Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the local system.

(Oracle Home = '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1')

Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]

Could not recognize input. Please re-enter.

y

User Responded with: Y

Backing up files and inventory (not for auto-rollback) for the Oracle Home

Backing up files affected by the patch '6074620' for restore. This might take a while...

Backing up files affected by the patch '6074620' for rollback. This might take a while...

Patching component oracle.rdbms, 10.2.0.4.0...

Updating archive file "/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/kcrr.o"

Running make for target ioracle

ApplySession adding interim patch '6074620' to inventory

Verifying the update...

Inventory check OK: Patch ID 6074620 is registered in Oracle Home inventory with proper meta-data.

Files check OK: Files from Patch ID 6074620 are present in Oracle Home.

The local system has been patched and can be restarted.

OPatch succeeded.

5:opatch 查看补丁情况

[oracle@DB-Server OPatch]$ ./opatch lsinventory

Invoking OPatch 10.2.0.4.2

Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 10.2.0.4.2

Copyright (c) 2007, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

Central Inventory : /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory

from : /etc/oraInst.loc

OPatch version : 10.2.0.4.2

OUI version : 10.2.0.4.0

OUI location : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oui

Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2014-04-11_17-04-41PM.log

Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2014-04-11_17-04-41PM.txt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Installed Top-level Products (2): 

Oracle Database 10g 10.2.0.1.0

Oracle Database 10g Release 2 Patch Set 3 10.2.0.4.0

There are 2 products installed in this Oracle Home.

Interim patches (1) :

Patch 6074620 : applied on Fri Apr 11 17:03:10 CST 2014

Created on 29 Jan 2009, 22:44:17 hrs US/Pacific

Bugs fixed:

6074620

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OPatch succeeded.

6:opatch 卸载补丁

[oracle@DB-Server OPatch]$ ./opatch rollback -id 9264253

Invoking OPatch 10.2.0.4.2

Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 10.2.0.4.2

Copyright (c) 2007, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

Central Inventory : /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory

from : /etc/oraInst.loc

OPatch version : 10.2.0.4.2

OUI version : 10.2.0.4.0

OUI location : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oui

Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2014-04-15_09-01-41AM.log

RollbackSession rolling back interim patch '9264253' from OH '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1'

Running prerequisite checks...

OPatch detected non-cluster Oracle Home from the inventory and will patch the local system only.

Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the local system.

(Oracle Home = '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1')

Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]

y

User Responded with: Y

Backing up files affected by the patch '9264253' for restore. This might take a while...

Patching component oracle.rdbms, 10.2.0.4.0...

Updating archive file "/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/libserver10.a" with "lib/libserver10.a/ksu.o"

Running make for target ioracle

RollbackSession removing interim patch '9264253' from inventory

The local system has been patched and can be restarted.

OPatch succeeded.