How to install Django¶

This document will get you up and running with Django.

Install Python

Being a Python Web framework, Django requires Python. It works with Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.2 or 3.3.

Get Python at http://www.python.org. If you’re
running Linux or Mac OS X, you probably already have it installed.

Django on Jython

If you use Jython (a Python
implementation for the Java platform), you’ll need to follow a few additional steps. See Running
Django on Jython for details.

Python on Windows

On Windows, you might need to adjust your PATH environment variable to include paths to Python
executable and additional scripts. For example, if your Python is installed in C:\Python27\, the following paths need to be added toPATH:

C:\Python27\;C:\Python27\Scripts;

Install Apache and mod_wsgi

If you just want to experiment with Django, skip ahead to the next section; Django includes a lightweight web server you can use for testing, so you won’t need to set up Apache until you’re ready to deploy Django
in production.

If you want to use Django on a production site, use Apache with mod_wsgi.
mod_wsgi can operate in one of two modes: an embedded mode and a daemon mode. In embedded mode, mod_wsgi is similar to mod_perl – it embeds Python within Apache and loads Python code into memory when the server starts. Code stays in memory throughout the life
of an Apache process, which leads to significant performance gains over other server arrangements. In daemon mode, mod_wsgi spawns an independent daemon process that handles requests. The daemon process can run as a different user than the Web server, possibly
leading to improved security, and the daemon process can be restarted without restarting the entire Apache Web server, possibly making refreshing your codebase more seamless. Consult the mod_wsgi documentation to determine which mode is right for your setup.
Make sure you have Apache installed, with the mod_wsgi module activated. Django will work with any version of Apache that supports mod_wsgi.

See How
to use Django with mod_wsgi for information on how to configure mod_wsgi once you have it installed.

If you can’t use mod_wsgi for some reason, fear not: Django supports many other deployment options. One is uWSGI;
it works very well with nginx. Another is FastCGI,
perfect for using Django with servers other than Apache. Additionally, Django follows the WSGI spec (PEP
3333), which allows it to run on a variety of server platforms. See the server-arrangements
wiki page for specific installation instructions for each platform.

Get your database running

If you plan to use Django’s database API functionality, you’ll need to make sure a database server is running. Django supports many different database servers and is officially supported with PostgreSQL, MySQL, Oracle and SQLite.

If you are developing a simple project or something you don’t plan to deploy in a production environment, SQLite is generally the simplest option as it doesn’t require running a separate server. However, SQLite
has many differences from other databases, so if you are working on something substantial, it’s recommended to develop with the same database as you plan on using in production.

In addition to the officially supported databases, there are backends
provided by 3rd parties that allow you to use other databases with Django.

In addition to a database backend, you’ll need to make sure your Python database bindings are installed.

• If you’re using PostgreSQL, you’ll need the postgresql_psycopg2 package.
  You might want to refer to our PostgreSQL notes for
  further technical details specific to this database.

  If you’re on Windows, check out the unofficial compiled
  Windows version.

• If you’re using MySQL, you’ll need the MySQL-python package, version 1.2.1p2
  or higher. You will also want to read the database-specific notes
  for the MySQL backend.
• If you’re using SQLite you might want to read the SQLite
  backend notes.
• If you’re using Oracle, you’ll need a copy of cx_Oracle,
  but please read the database-specific notes for the
  Oracle backendfor important information regarding supported versions of both Oracle and cx_Oracle.
• If you’re using an unofficial 3rd party backend, please consult the documentation provided for any additional requirements.

If you plan to use Django’s manage.py syncdb command
to automatically create database tables for your models (after first installing Django and creating a project), you’ll need to ensure that Django has permission to create and alter tables in the database you’re using; if you plan to manually create the tables,
you can simply grant Django SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETEpermissions.
On some databases, Django will need ALTER TABLE privileges
during syncdb but won’t issue ALTER TABLE statements
on a table once syncdb has created it. After creating a database user with these permissions, you’ll specify the details in your project’s
settings file, see DATABASES for
details.

If you’re using Django’s testing
framework to test database queries, Django will need permission to create a test database.

Remove any old versions of Django

If you are upgrading your installation of Django from a previous version, you will need to uninstall the old Django version before installing the new version.

If you installed Django using pip or easy_install previously,
installing with pip or easy_install again
will automatically take care of the old version, so you don’t need to do it yourself.

If you previously installed Django using python setup.py install,
uninstalling is as simple as deleting the django directory from your Python site-packages.
To find the directory you need to remove, you can run the following at your shell prompt (not the interactive Python prompt):

python -c "import sys; sys.path = sys.path[1:]; import django; print(django.__path__)"

Install the Django code

Installation instructions are slightly different depending on whether you’re installing a distribution-specific package, downloading the latest official release, or fetching the latest development version.

It’s easy, no matter which way you choose.

Installing a distribution-specific package

Check the distribution
specific notes to see if your platform/distribution provides official Django packages/installers. Distribution-provided packages will typically allow for automatic installation of dependencies and easy upgrade paths.

Installing an official release with pip

This is the recommended way to install Django.

1. Install pip. The easiest
   is to use the standalone pip installer.
   If your distribution already has pip installed, you might need to update it if it’s outdated. (If it’s outdated, you’ll know because installation
   won’t work.)
2. (optional) Take a look at virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper.
   These tools provide isolated Python environments, which are more practical than installing packages systemwide. They also allow installing packages without administrator privileges. It’s up to you to decide if you want to learn and use them.
3. If you’re using Linux, Mac OS X or some other flavor of Unix, enter the command sudo pip install Django at
   the shell prompt. If you’re using Windows, start a command shell with administrator privileges and run the commandpip install Django.
   This will install Django in your Python installation’s site-packages directory.

   If you’re using a virtualenv, you don’t need sudo or administrator privileges, and this will
   install Django in the virtualenv’ssite-packages directory.

Installing an official release manually

1. Download the latest release from our download
   page.
2. Untar the downloaded file (e.g. tar xzvf Django-X.Y.tar.gz,
   where X.Y is the version number of the latest release). If you’re using Windows, you can download the command-line tool bsdtar to
   do this, or you can use a GUI-based tool such as 7-zip.
3. Change into the directory created in step 2 (e.g. cd Django-X.Y).
4. If you’re using Linux, Mac OS X or some other flavor of Unix, enter the command sudo python setup.py install at
   the shell prompt. If you’re using Windows, start a command shell with administrator privileges and run the commandpython setup.py install.
   This will install Django in your Python installation’s site-packages directory.

   Removing an old version

   If you use this installation technique, it is particularly important that you remove
   any existing installations of Django first. Otherwise, you can end up with a broken installation that includes files from previous versions that have since been removed from Django.

Installing the development version

Tracking Django development

If you decide to use the latest development version of Django, you’ll want to pay close attention to the
development timeline, and you’ll want to keep an eye on the release
notes for the upcoming release. This will help you stay on top of any new features you might want to use, as well as any changes you’ll need to make to your code when updating your copy of Django. (For stable releases, any necessary changes are documented
in the release notes.)

If you’d like to be able to update your Django code occasionally with the latest bug fixes and improvements, follow these instructions:

1. Make sure that you have Git installed
   and that you can run its commands from a shell. (Enter git help at
   a shell prompt to test this.)
2. Check out Django’s main development branch (the ‘trunk’ or ‘master’) like so:

   git clone git://github.com/django/django.git django-trunk
   

   This will create a directory django-trunk in your current directory.

3. Make sure that the Python interpreter can load Django’s code. The most convenient way to do this is via pip.
   Run the following command:

   sudo pip install -e django-trunk/
   

   (If using a virtualenv you can omit sudo.)

   This will make Django’s code importable, and will also make the django-admin.py utility command
   available. In other words, you’re all set!

   If you don’t have pip available, see
   the alternative instructions for installing the development
   version without pip.

Warning

Don’t run sudo python setup.py install,
because you’ve already carried out the equivalent actions in step 3.

When you want to update your copy of the Django source code, just run the command git pull from
within the django-trunkdirectory. When you do this, Git will automatically download any changes.

Installing the development version without pip

If you don’t have pip, you can instead
manually modify Python’s search path.

First follow steps 1 and 2 above, so that you have a django-trunk directory with a checkout
of Django’s latest code in it. Then add a .pth file containing the full path to the django-trunk directory
to your system’s site-packages directory. For example, on a Unix-like system:

echo WORKING-DIR/django-trunk > SITE-PACKAGES-DIR/django.pth

In the above line, change WORKING-DIR/django-trunk to match the full path to your new django-trunk directory,
and changeSITE-PACKAGES-DIR to match the location of your system’s site-packages directory.

The location of the site-packages directory depends on the operating system, and the location
in which Python was installed. To find your system’s site-packages location, execute the following:

python -c "from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib; print(get_python_lib())"

(Note that this should be run from a shell prompt, not a Python interactive prompt.)

Some Debian-based Linux distributions have separate site-packages directories for user-installed
packages, such as when installing Django from a downloaded tarball. The command listed above will give you the system’s site-packages, the
user’s directory can be found in /usr/local/lib/ instead of /usr/lib/.

Next you need to make the django-admin.py utility available in your shell PATH.

On Unix-like systems, create a symbolic link to the file django-trunk/django/bin/django-admin.py in
a directory on your system path, such as /usr/local/bin. For example:

ln -s WORKING-DIR/django-trunk/django/bin/django-admin.py /usr/local/bin/

(In the above line, change WORKING-DIR to match the full path to your new django-trunk directory.)

This simply lets you type django-admin.py from within any directory, rather than having to
qualify the command with the full path to the file.

On Windows systems, the same result can be achieved by copying the file django-trunk/django/bin/django-admin.py to
somewhere on your system path, for example C:\Python27\Scripts.