数据|数据库
其实操作数据库有很多种方式，比如DAO、ADO等。不过这些方式在发布的时候都需要带上一些运行库，少则几兆，多则十几兆。本来很简单的对数据库的操作，发布的时候带上这些库之后，程序有十几兆。笔者在实践中，总结了用API进行操作数据库的方法，对于一些简单的数据库操作还是可以用这种方法实现的。最大的优点就是可以省去运行库的支持。大大的简小安装包的尺寸。
崔占民
EMAIL:CUIZM@163.COM
首先添加一个模块，方法：菜单－>工程－>添加模块，代码如下：
Option Explicit
Declare Function SQLAllocEnv Lib "odbc32.dll" (phenv&) As Integer
Declare Function SQLAllocConnect Lib "odbc32.dll" (ByVal henv&, phdbc&) As Integer
Declare Function SQLAllocStmt Lib "odbc32.dll" (ByVal hdbc&, phstmt&) As Integer
Declare Function SQLConnect Lib "odbc32.dll" (ByVal hdbc&, ByVal szDSN$, ByVal cbDSN%, ByVal szUID$, ByVal cbUID%, ByVal szAuthStr$, ByVal cbAuthStr%) As Integer
Declare Function SQLColAttributesString Lib "odbc32.dll" Alias "SQLColAttributes" (ByVal hstmt&, ByVal icol%, ByVal fDescType%, ByVal rgbDesc As String, ByVal cbDescMax%, pcbDesc%, pfDesc&) As Integer
Declare Function SQLDisconnect Lib "odbc32.dll" (ByVal hdbc&) As Integer
Declare Function SQLExecDirect Lib "odbc32.dll" (ByVal hstmt&, ByVal szSqlStr$, ByVal cbSqlStr&) As Integer
Declare Function SQLFetch Lib "odbc32.dll" (ByVal hstmt&) As Integer
Declare Function SQLFreeConnect Lib "odbc32.dll" (ByVal hdbc&) As Integer
Declare Function SQLFreeEnv Lib "odbc32.dll" (ByVal henv&) As Integer
Declare Function SQLFreeStmt Lib "odbc32.dll" (ByVal hstmt&, ByVal fOption%) As Integer
Declare Function SQLGetData Lib "odbc32.dll" (ByVal hstmt&, ByVal icol%, ByVal fCType%, ByVal rgbValue As String, ByVal cbValueMax&, pcbValue&) As Integer
Declare Function SQLSetData Lib "odbc32.dll" (ByVal hstmt&, ByVal icol%, ByVal fCType%, ByVal rgbValue As String, ByVal cbValueMax&, pcbValue&) As Integer
Declare Function SQLNumResultCols Lib "odbc32.dll" (ByVal hstmt&, pccol%) As Integer
Declare Function SQLNumResultRols Lib "odbc32.dll" (ByVal hstmt&, pcRol%) As Long
Global Const SQL_C_CHAR As Long = 1
Global Const SQL_COLUMN_LABEL As Long = 18
Global Const SQL_DROP As Long = 1
Global Const SQL_ERROR As Long = -1
Global Const SQL_NO_DATA_FOUND As Long = 100
Global Const SQL_SUCCESS As Long = 0
Public rc As Long '注释：ODBC函数的返回码
Public henv As Long '注释：ODBC环境句柄
Public hdbc As Long
添加一个MSFLEXGRID控件，用来显示从数据库中查询出来的数据，代码如下：
Option Explicit
Private Sub Command1_Click()
Unload Me
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
rc = SQLAllocEnv(henv)
If rc <> 0 Then
MsgBox "无法初始化ODBC"
End
End If
rc = SQLAllocConnect(henv, hdbc)
If rc <> 0 Then
MsgBox "无法获得连接句柄"
rc = SQLFreeEnv(henv)
End
End If
Dim DSN As String, UID As String, PWD As String
DSN = "Powersoft Demo DB V6"
UID = "dba"
PWD = "sql"
rc = SQLConnect(hdbc, DSN, Len(DSN), UID, Len(UID), PWD, Len(UID))
If rc = SQL_ERROR Then
MsgBox "无法建立与ODBC数据源的连接"
Unload Me
End If
End Sub
Private Sub cmdQuery_Click()
On Error Resume Next
Dim hstmt As Long
Dim SQLstmt As String
Dim RSCols As Integer, RSRows As Long
Dim i As Integer, j As Integer
Dim ColVal As String * 1024
Dim ColValLen As Long, ColLabLen As Integer, larg As Long
Grid1.Redraw = False
rc = SQLAllocStmt(hdbc, hstmt)
If rc <> SQL_SUCCESS Then
MsgBox "无法获得SQL语句句柄"
Exit Sub
End If
SQLstmt = "SELECT * FROM exam_xref_info"
rc = SQLExecDirect(hstmt, SQLstmt, Len(SQLstmt))
If rc <> SQL_SUCCESS Then
MsgBox "SQL语句执行失败"
Exit Sub
End If
rc = SQLNumResultCols(hstmt, RSCols)
If RSCols > 1 Then
Grid1.Cols = RSCols
Grid1.Rows = 10
Grid1.Row = 0
Else
Exit Sub
End If
For i = 1 To RSCols
rc = SQLColAttributesString(hstmt, i, SQL_COLUMN_LABEL, ColVal, 255, ColLabLen, larg)
Grid1.Col = i
Grid1.Text = Left(ColVal, ColLabLen)
Next i
Do Until SQLFetch(hstmt) = SQL_NO_DATA_FOUND
ColVal = String$(1024, 0)
If Grid1.Row + 1 >= Grid1.Rows Then
Grid1.Rows = Grid1.Rows + 1
End If
Grid1.Row = Grid1.Row + 1
For i = 1 To RSCols
rc = SQLGetData(hstmt, i, SQL_C_CHAR, ColVal, Len(ColVal), ColValLen)
Grid1.Col = i
Grid1.Text = Left$(ColVal, ColValLen)
Next i
Loop
rc = SQLFreeStmt(hstmt, SQL_DROP)
Grid1.Redraw = True
End Sub
Private Sub Form_QueryUnload(Cancel As Integer, UnloadMode As Integer)
Dim rc As Integer
If hdbc <> 0 Then
rc = SQLDisconnect(hdbc)
End If
rc = SQLFreeConnect(hdbc)
If henv <> 0 Then
rc = SQLFreeEnv(henv)
End If
End Sub
实现的时候，将程序中的ＯＤＢＣ名称及用户名与密码改成相应的就可以了。