一、过滤器是什么?有什么?
1、过滤器属于Servlet规范,从2.3版本就开始有了。
2、过滤器就是对访问的内容进行筛选(拦截)。利用过滤器对请求和响应进行过滤
二、编写步骤和执行过程
1、编码步骤:
a、编写一个类:实现javax.servlet.Filter接口
public class FilterDemo1 implements Filter {
public FilterDemo1(){
System.out.println("调用了默认的构造方法");
}
//用户每次访问被过滤的资源,都会由服务器调用该方法实现过滤
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("FilterDemo1执行过滤前");
//对请求进行拦截,代码写在这
chain.doFilter(request, response);//放行
//对响应进行拦截,代码写在这
System.out.println("FilterDemo1执行过滤后");
}
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("调用了销毁方法");
}
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("调用初始化方法");
}
}
b、配置web.xml,指定需要过滤的资源。(和Servlet的配置相当类似)
2、过滤器的执行过程(生命周期)
生命周期:
诞生:过滤器的实例是在应用被加载时就完成的实例化,并初始化的。
存活:和应用的生命周期一致的。在内存中是单例的。针对拦截范围内的资源访问,每次访问都会调用void doFIlter(request,response.chain)进行拦截。
死亡:应用被卸载。
三、串联过滤器
一个过滤器接着另外一个过滤器。执行的顺序 按照web.xml的先后顺序
随意 访问 会先直接FilterDemo2 的 再执行 FilterDemo3的
会输出 :
FilterDemo2前
FilterDemo3前
执行内容
FilterDemo3后
FilterDemo2后
四、案例:
1、解决请求参数(POST)和响应输出的乱码过滤器
//解决post方式请求参数和响应编码问题的过滤器
public class SetCharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
private FilterConfig filterConfig;
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
String encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");//用户可能忘记了配置该参数
if(encoding==null){
encoding = "UTF-8";//默认编码
}
request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);//只能解决POST请求参数的中文问题
response.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);//输出流编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset="+encoding);//输出流编码,通知了客户端应该使用的编码
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
将 编码类型写在 Filter参数中
2、动态资源不要缓存的过滤器
Servlet/JSP:动态资源不要缓存。
这里 将 Servletrequest 和 ServletResponse 转换为 HttpServlet 的方法 避免发生错误
HttpServletRequest request = null;
HttpServletResponse response = null;
try{
request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
response = (HttpServletResponse)resp;<br>}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("not-http request or response");
}
//控制动态资源不要缓存过滤器
public class NoCacheFilter implements Filter {
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
// HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
// HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)resp; 不使用该方法
HttpServletRequest request = null;
HttpServletResponse response = null;
try{
request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
response = (HttpServletResponse)resp;
}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("not-http request or response");
}
response.setHeader("Expires", "-1");
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
动态过滤掉 Servlet 和Jsp
3、静态资源控制缓存时间的过滤器
//控制静态资源的缓存时间
public class StaticResourcesNeedCacheFilter implements Filter {
private FilterConfig filterConfig;
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request = null;
HttpServletResponse response = null;
try{
request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
response = (HttpServletResponse)resp;
}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("not-http request or response");
}
long time = 0;//缓存的时间
//根据用户请求的uri地址的后缀:/day19_00_filter/1.html
String uri = request.getRequestURI();
String exName = uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf(".")+1);
if("html".equals(exName)){
String value = filterConfig.getInitParameter("html");//小时
time = Long.parseLong(value)*60*60*1000;
}
if("css".equals(exName)){
String value = filterConfig.getInitParameter("css");//小时
time = Long.parseLong(value)*60*60*1000;
}
if("js".equals(exName)){
String value = filterConfig.getInitParameter("js");//小时
time = Long.parseLong(value)*60*60*1000;
}
response.setDateHeader("Expires", System.currentTimeMillis()+time); //Expires 控制时间
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
4、//*用户自动登录过滤器:
使用了Md5 加密
Base64编码:很重要
编写
//自动登录过滤器
public class AutoLoginFilter implements Filter {
private BusinessService s = new BusinessServiceImpl();
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request = null;
HttpServletResponse response = null;
try{
request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
response = (HttpServletResponse)resp;
}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("not-http request or response");
}
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//判断用户有没有登录:只管没有登录的
User sUser = (User)session.getAttribute("user");
if(sUser==null){
//找loginInfo的cookie:只管找到的
Cookie cs[] = request.getCookies();
for(int i=0;cs!=null&&i<cs.length;i++){
if("loginInfo".equals(cs[i].getName())){
//解出用户名(Base64)和密码(MD5)
String usernamePassword = cs[i].getValue();
String username = usernamePassword.split("_")[0];//base64编码后的
String password = usernamePassword.split("_")[1];//MD5加密后的
//调用Service再次验证正确性
User user = s.login(SecurityUtil.base64decode(username), password);
//通过:登录。在HttpSession中设置登录标记
if(user!=null){
session.setAttribute("user", user);
}
}
}
}
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
五、过滤器配置的细节
六、巩固装饰设计模式
一、装饰
1、编写一个类,实现与被包装类(数据库驱动对Connection的实现)相同的接口。(使这个类和数据库的驱动实现有着相同的行为)
2、定义一个变量,引用被包装类的实例。
3、定义构造方法,传入被包装类的实例。
4、对于要改写的方法,编写自己的代码即可。
5、对于不需要改写的方法,调用原有对象的对应方法。
二、装饰变体(BufferedReader本身就是包装类,对Reader的包装。LineNumberReader,对BufferedReader的包装,还是他的子类)
1、编写一个类,继承已经是包装类的类。
2、定义一个变量,引用被包装类的实例。
3、定义构造方法,传入被包装类的实例。
4、覆盖掉需要改写的方法
七、案例:
1、解决全站中文乱码过滤器
之前解决了 post 的乱码 问题 这里 添加 get的 解决问题
1.定义一个类 EncodingHttpServletRequest 继承 HttpServletRequestWrapper 前对 后 的 包装 得到自己想要的 方法
2.重写 HttpServletRequestWrapper 的 getParameter 方法 。
3.将get传入的值使用 该 super.getCharacterEncoding()的编码 方式返回
如果 使用 get方法 就可以 得到 应有的编码方式
public class SetCharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
private FilterConfig filterConfig;
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request;
HttpServletResponse response;
try{
request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
response = (HttpServletResponse)resp;
}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("non-http request or response");
}
String encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");//用户可能忘记了配置该参数
if(encoding==null){
encoding = "UTF-8";//默认编码
}
request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);//只能解决POST请求参数的中文问题
response.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);//输出流编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset="+encoding);//输出流编码,通知了客户端应该使用的编码
EncodingHttpServletRequest erequest = new EncodingHttpServletRequest(request);
chain.doFilter(erequest, response);
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
class EncodingHttpServletRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper{
public EncodingHttpServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request){
super(request);
}
public String getParameter(String name) {
String value = super.getParameter(name);
if(value==null)
return value;
//只管get方式
if("get".equalsIgnoreCase(super.getMethod())){
try {
value = new String(value.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"),super.getCharacterEncoding());
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return value;
}
}
2、过滤脏话过滤器
1.新建 DWHttpServletRequest 类 继承 HttpServletRequestWrapper ,
2.包装 getParameter 发方法 过滤 脏话
3.执行 内容 时 得到的是 DWHttpServletRequest 的 request 所以使用的方法是 DWHttpServletRequest的 getParameter。
public class DirtyWordsFilter implements Filter {
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request;
HttpServletResponse response;
try{
request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
response = (HttpServletResponse)resp;
}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("non-http request or response");
}
DWHttpServletRequest dwrequest = new DWHttpServletRequest(request);
chain.doFilter(dwrequest, response);
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
class DWHttpServletRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper{
private String[] strs = {"禽兽","畜生","傻B","张新鹏"};
public DWHttpServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request){
super(request);
}
public String getParameter(String name) {
String value = super.getParameter(name);
if(value==null)
return value;
for(String s:strs){
value = value.replace(s, "**");
}
return value;
}
}
3、html标记过滤器
方法和前2种类似
public class HtmlFilter implements Filter {
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request;
HttpServletResponse response;
try{
request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
response = (HttpServletResponse)resp;
}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("non-http request or response");
}
HtmlHttpServletRequest hrequest = new HtmlHttpServletRequest(request);
chain.doFilter(hrequest, response);
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
class HtmlHttpServletRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper{
public HtmlHttpServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request){
super(request);
}
public String getParameter(String name) {
String value = super.getParameter(name);
if(value==null)
return value;
value = htmlFilter(value);//转义字符
return value;
}
private String htmlFilter(String message) {
if (message == null)
return (null);
char content[] = new char[message.length()];
message.getChars(0, message.length(), content, 0);
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer(content.length + 50);
for (int i = 0; i < content.length; i++) {
switch (content[i]) {
case '<':
result.append("<");
break;
case '>':
result.append(">");
break;
case '&':
result.append("&");
break;
case '"':
result.append(""");
break;
default:
result.append(content[i]);
}
}
return (result.toString());
}
}
4、//*全站压缩过滤器(有难度)
public class GzipFilter implements Filter {
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request;
HttpServletResponse response;
try{
request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
response = (HttpServletResponse)resp;
}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("non-http request or response");
}
GzipHttpServletResponse gresponse = new GzipHttpServletResponse(response);
chain.doFilter(request, gresponse);
//目标资源执行完毕后执行:要压缩
byte b[] = gresponse.getBytes();//得到原始的数据为编码的关键点
System.out.println("压缩前大小:"+b.length);
//判断客户是否支持gzip压缩
String acceptEncoding = request.getHeader("Accept-Encoding");
if(acceptEncoding!=null&&acceptEncoding.contains("gzip")){
//支持
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
GZIPOutputStream gout = new GZIPOutputStream(out);
gout.write(b);
gout.close();
b = out.toByteArray();//压缩后的数据
System.out.println("压缩后大小:"+b.length);
//告知浏览器压缩方式
response.setHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip");
response.setContentLength(b.length);//告知客户端,正文的长度
}
response.getOutputStream().write(b);
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
class GzipHttpServletResponse extends HttpServletResponseWrapper{
private ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();//存放截获的数据
private PrintWriter pw = null;
public GzipHttpServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response){
super(response);
}
//截获输出的数据:放到baos中
public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException {
return new MyServletOutputStream(baos);
}
//字符流:截获放到baos中
public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException {
pw = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(baos, super.getCharacterEncoding()));
return pw;
}
//获取截获的数据
public byte[] getBytes(){
try {
if(pw!=null){
pw.close();
}
baos.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return baos.toByteArray();
}
}
class MyServletOutputStream extends ServletOutputStream{
private ByteArrayOutputStream baos;
public MyServletOutputStream(ByteArrayOutputStream baos){
this.baos = baos;
}
public void write(int b) throws IOException {
baos.write(b);
}
}