Inxi 最初是为控制台和 IRC(网络中继聊天)开发的一个强大且优秀的命令行系统信息脚本。可以使用它获取用户的硬件和系统信息,它也用于调试或者社区技术支持工具。
使用 Inxi 可以很容易的获取所有的硬件信息:硬盘、声卡、显卡、网卡、CPU 和 RAM 等。同时也能够获取大量的操作系统信息,比如硬件驱动、Xorg 、桌面环境、内核、GCC 版本,进程,开机时间和内存等信息。
运行在命令行和 IRC 上的 Inxi 输出略有不同,IRC 上会有一些可供用户使用的默认过滤器和颜色选项。支持的 IRC 客户端有:BitchX、Gaim/Pidgin、ircII、Irssi、 Konversation、 Kopete、 KSirc、 KVIrc、 Weechat 和 Xchat 以及其它的一些客户端,它们具有展示内置或外部 Inxi 输出的能力。
在 Linux 系统上安装 Inxi
大多数主流 Linux 发行版的仓库中都有 Inxi ,包括大多数 BSD 系统。
- $ sudo apt-get install inxi [On Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint]
- $ sudo yum install inxi [On CentOs/RHEL/Fedora]
- $ sudo dnf install inxi [On Fedora 22+]
在使用 Inxi 之前,用下面的命令查看 Inxi 所有依赖和推荐的应用,以及各种目录,并显示需要安装哪些包来支持给定的功能。
- $ inxi --recommends
Inxi 的输出:
- inxi will now begin checking for the programs it needs to operate. First a check of the main languages and tools
- inxi uses. Python is only for debugging data collection.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Bash version: 4.3.42(1)-release
- Gawk version: 4.1.3,
- Sed version:
- Sudo version: 1.8.16
- Python version: 2.7.12
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Test One: Required System Directories (Linux Only).
- If one of these system directories is missing, inxi cannot operate:
- /proc....................................................................... Present
- /sys........................................................................ Present
- All the directories are present.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Test Two: Required Core Applications.
- If one of these applications is missing, inxi cannot operate:
- df (info: partition data)................................................... /bin/df
- gawk (info: core tool)...................................................... /usr/bin/gawk
- grep (info: string search).................................................. /bin/grep
- lspci (info: hardware data)................................................. /usr/bin/lspci
- ps (info: process data)..................................................... /bin/ps
- readlink.................................................................... /bin/readlink
- sed (info: string replace).................................................. /bin/sed
- tr (info: character replace)................................................ /usr/bin/tr
- uname (info: kernel data)................................................... /bin/uname
- wc (info: word character count)............................................. /usr/bin/wc
- All the applications are present.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Test Three: Script Recommends for Graphics Features.
- NOTE: If you do not use X these do not matter (like a headless server). Otherwise, if one of these applications
- is missing, inxi will have incomplete output:
- glxinfo (info: -G glx info)................................................. /usr/bin/glxinfo
- xdpyinfo (info: -G multi screen resolution)................................. /usr/bin/xdpyinfo
- xprop (info: -S desktop data)............................................... /usr/bin/xprop
- xrandr (info: -G single screen resolution).................................. /usr/bin/xrandr
- All the applications are present.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Test Four: Script Recommends for Remaining Features.
- If one of these applications is missing, inxi will have incomplete output:
- dig (info: -i first wlan ip default test)................................... /usr/bin/dig
- dmidecode (info: -M if no sys machine data; -m memory)...................... /usr/sbin/dmidecode
- file (info: -o unmounted file system)....................................... /usr/bin/file
- hciconfig (info: -n -i bluetooth data)...................................... /bin/hciconfig
- hddtemp (info: -Dx show hdd temp)........................................... /usr/sbin/hddtemp
- ifconfig (info: -i ip lan-deprecated)....................................... /sbin/ifconfig
- ip (info: -i ip lan)........................................................ /sbin/ip
- sensors (info: -s sensors output)........................................... /usr/bin/sensors
- strings (info: -I sysvinit version)......................................... /usr/bin/strings
- lsusb (info: -A usb audio;-N usb networking)................................ /usr/bin/lsusb
- modinfo (info: -Ax,-Nx module version)...................................... /sbin/modinfo
- runlevel (info: -I runlevel)................................................ /sbin/runlevel
- sudo (info: -Dx hddtemp-user;-o file-user).................................. /usr/bin/sudo
- uptime (info: -I uptime (check which package owns Debian)).................. /usr/bin/uptime
- All the applications are present.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Test Five: Script Recommends for Remaining Features.
- One of these downloaders needed for options -i/-w/-W (-U/-! [11-15], if supported):
- wget (info: -i wan ip;-w/-W;-U/-! [11-15] (if supported))................... /usr/bin/wget
- curl (info: -i wan ip;-w/-W;-U/-! [11-15] (if supported))................... /usr/bin/curl
- All the applications are present.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Test Six: System Directories for Various Information.
- (Unless otherwise noted, these are for GNU/Linux systems)
- If one of these directories is missing, inxi may have incomplete output:
- /sys/class/dmi/id (info: -M system, motherboard, bios)...................... Present
- /dev (info: -l,-u,-o,-p,-P,-D disk partition data).......................... Present
- /dev/disk/by-label (info: -l,-o,-p,-P partition labels)..................... Present
- /dev/disk/by-uuid (info: -u,-o,-p,-P partition uuid)........................ Present
- All the directories are present.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Test Seven: System Files for Various Information.
- (Unless otherwise noted, these are for GNU/Linux systems)
- If one of these files is missing, inxi may have incomplete output:
- /proc/asound/cards (info: -A sound card data)............................... Present
- /proc/asound/version (info: -A ALSA data)................................... Present
- /proc/cpuinfo (info: -C cpu data)........................................... Present
- /etc/lsb-release (info: -S distro version data [deprecated])................ Present
- /proc/mdstat (info: -R mdraid data)......................................... Present
- /proc/meminfo (info: -I memory data)........................................ Present
- /etc/os-release (info: -S distro version data).............................. Present
- /proc/partitions (info: -p,-P partitions data).............................. Present
- /proc/modules (info: -G module data)........................................ Present
- /proc/mounts (info: -P,-p partition advanced data).......................... Present
- /var/run/dmesg.boot (info: -D,-d disk data [BSD only])...................... Missing
- /proc/scsi/scsi (info: -D Advanced hard disk data [used rarely])............ Present
- /var/log/Xorg.0.log (info: -G graphics driver load status).................. Present
- The following files are missing from your system:
- File: /var/run/dmesg.boot
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- All tests completed.
Inxi 工具的基本用法
用下面的基本用法获取系统和硬件的详细信息。
获取 Linux 系统信息
Inix 不加任何选项就能输出下面的信息:CPU 、内核、开机时长、内存大小、硬盘大小、进程数、登录终端以及 Inxi 版本。
- $ inxi
- CPU~Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) speed/max~2164/2700 MHz Kernel~4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 Up~3:15 Mem~3122.0/7879.9MB HDD~1000.2GB(20.0% used) Procs~234 Client~Shell inxi~2.2.35
获取内核和发行版本信息
使用 Inxi 的 -S 选项查看本机系统信息(主机名、内核信息、桌面环境和发行版):
- $ inxi -S
- System: Host: TecMint Kernel: 4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 (64 bit) Desktop: Cinnamon 3.0.7
- Distro: Linux Mint 18 Sarah
获取电脑机型
使用 -M 选项查看机型(笔记本/台式机)、产品 ID 、机器版本、主板、制造商和 BIOS 等信息:
- $ inxi -M
- Machine: System: LENOVO (portable) product: 20354 v: Lenovo Z50-70
- Mobo: LENOVO model: Lancer 5A5 v: 31900059WIN Bios: LENOVO v: 9BCN26WW date: 07/31/2014
获取 CPU 及主频信息
使用 -C 选项查看完整的 CPU 信息,包括每核 CPU 的频率及可用的最大主频。
- $ inxi -C
- CPU: Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) cache: 3072 KB
- clock speeds: max: 2700 MHz 1: 1942 MHz 2: 1968 MHz 3: 1734 MHz 4: 1710 MHz
获取显卡信息
使用 -G 选项查看显卡信息,包括显卡类型、显示服务器、系统分辨率、GLX 渲染器和 GLX 版本等等(LCTT 译注: GLX 是一个 X 窗口系统的 OpenGL 扩展)。
- $ inxi -G
- Graphics: Card-1: Intel Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller
- Card-2: NVIDIA GM108M [GeForce 840M]
- Display Server: X.Org 1.18.4 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: 1920x1080@60.05hz
- GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Haswell Mobile GLX Version: 3.0 Mesa 11.2.0
获取声卡信息
使用 -A 选项查看声卡信息:
- $ inxi -A
- Audio: Card-1 Intel 8 Series HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel Sound: ALSA v: k4.4.0-21-generic
- Card-2 Intel Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel
获取网卡信息
使用 -N 选项查看网卡信息:
- $ inxi -N
- Network: Card-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: r8169
- Card-2: Realtek RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter driver: rtl8723be
获取硬盘信息
使用 -D 选项查看硬盘信息(大小、ID、型号):
- $ inxi -D
- Drives: HDD Total Size: 1000.2GB (20.0% used) ID-1: /dev/sda model: ST1000LM024_HN size: 1000.2GB
获取简要的系统信息
使用 -b 选项显示上述信息的简要系统信息:
- $ inxi -b
- System: Host: TecMint Kernel: 4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 (64 bit) Desktop: Cinnamon 3.0.7
- Distro: Linux Mint 18 Sarah
- Machine: System: LENOVO (portable) product: 20354 v: Lenovo Z50-70
- Mobo: LENOVO model: Lancer 5A5 v: 31900059WIN Bios: LENOVO v: 9BCN26WW date: 07/31/2014
- CPU: Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) speed/max: 2018/2700 MHz
- Graphics: Card-1: Intel Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller
- Card-2: NVIDIA GM108M [GeForce 840M]
- Display Server: X.Org 1.18.4 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: 1920x1080@60.05hz
- GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Haswell Mobile GLX Version: 3.0 Mesa 11.2.0
- Network: Card-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: r8169
- Card-2: Realtek RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter driver: rtl8723be
- Drives: HDD Total Size: 1000.2GB (20.0% used)
- Info: Processes: 233 Uptime: 3:23 Memory: 3137.5/7879.9MB Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 2.2.35
获取硬盘分区信息
使用 -p 选项输出完整的硬盘分区信息,包括每个分区的分区大小、已用空间、可用空间、文件系统以及文件系统类型。
- $ inxi -p
- Partition: ID-1: / size: 324G used: 183G (60%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda10
- ID-2: swap-1 size: 4.00GB used: 0.00GB (0%) fs: swap dev: /dev/sda9
获取完整的 Linux 系统信息
使用 -F 选项查看可以完整的 Inxi 输出(安全起见比如网络 IP 地址信息没有显示,下面的示例只显示部分输出信息):
- $ inxi -F
- System: Host: TecMint Kernel: 4.4.0-21-generic x86_64 (64 bit) Desktop: Cinnamon 3.0.7
- Distro: Linux Mint 18 Sarah
- Machine: System: LENOVO (portable) product: 20354 v: Lenovo Z50-70
- Mobo: LENOVO model: Lancer 5A5 v: 31900059WIN Bios: LENOVO v: 9BCN26WW date: 07/31/2014
- CPU: Dual core Intel Core i5-4210U (-HT-MCP-) cache: 3072 KB
- clock speeds: max: 2700 MHz 1: 1716 MHz 2: 1764 MHz 3: 1776 MHz 4: 1800 MHz
- Graphics: Card-1: Intel Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller
- Card-2: NVIDIA GM108M [GeForce 840M]
- Display Server: X.Org 1.18.4 drivers: intel (unloaded: fbdev,vesa) Resolution: 1920x1080@60.05hz
- GLX Renderer: Mesa DRI Intel Haswell Mobile GLX Version: 3.0 Mesa 11.2.0
- Audio: Card-1 Intel 8 Series HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel Sound: ALSA v: k4.4.0-21-generic
- Card-2 Intel Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller driver: snd_hda_intel
- Network: Card-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: r8169
- IF: enp1s0 state: up speed: 100 Mbps duplex: full mac: 28:d2:44:eb:bd:98
- Card-2: Realtek RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter driver: rtl8723be
- IF: wlp2s0 state: down mac: 38:b1:db:7c:78:c7
- Drives: HDD Total Size: 1000.2GB (20.0% used) ID-1: /dev/sda model: ST1000LM024_HN size: 1000.2GB
- Partition: ID-1: / size: 324G used: 183G (60%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda10
- ID-2: swap-1 size: 4.00GB used: 0.00GB (0%) fs: swap dev: /dev/sda9
- RAID: No RAID devices: /proc/mdstat, md_mod kernel module present
- Sensors: System Temperatures: cpu: 56.0C mobo: N/A
- Fan Speeds (in rpm): cpu: N/A
- Info: Processes: 234 Uptime: 3:26 Memory: 3188.9/7879.9MB Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 2.2.35
使用 Inxi 工具监控 Linux 系统
下面是监控 Linux 系统进程、开机时间和内存的几个选项的使用方法。
监控 Linux 进程的内存使用
使用下面的命令查看进程数、开机时间和内存使用情况:
- $ inxi -I
- Info: Processes: 232 Uptime: 3:35 Memory: 3256.3/7879.9MB Client: Shell (bash) inxi: 2.2.35
监控进程占用的 CPU 和内存资源
Inxi 默认显示 前 5 个最消耗 CPU 和内存的进程。 -t 选项和 c 选项一起使用查看前 5 个最消耗 CPU 资源的进程,查看最消耗内存的进程使用 -t 选项和 m 选项; -t选项 和 cm 选项一起使用显示前 5 个最消耗 CPU 和内存资源的进程。
- ----------------- Linux CPU Usage -----------------
- $ inxi -t c
- Processes: CPU: % used - top 5 active
- 1: cpu: 53.7% command: plugin-container pid: 3066
- 2: cpu: 20.0% command: java pid: 1527
- 3: cpu: 19.7% command: firefox pid: 3018
- 4: cpu: 4.6% command: Xorg pid: 2114
- 5: cpu: 3.0% command: cinnamon pid: 2835
- ----------------- Linux Memoery Usage -----------------
- $ inxi -t m
- Processes: Memory: MB / % used - Used/Total: 3212.5/7879.9MB - top 5 active
- 1: mem: 980.51MB (12.4%) command: plugin-container pid: 3066
- 2: mem: 508.96MB (6.4%) command: java pid: 1527
- 3: mem: 507.89MB (6.4%) command: firefox pid: 3018
- 4: mem: 244.05MB (3.0%) command: chrome pid: 7405
- 5: mem: 211.46MB (2.6%) command: chrome pid: 6146
- ----------------- Linux CPU and Memory Usage -----------------
- $ inxi -t cm
- Processes: CPU: % used - top 5 active
- 1: cpu: 53.7% command: plugin-container pid: 3066
- 2: cpu: 20.0% command: java pid: 1527
- 3: cpu: 19.7% command: firefox pid: 3018
- 4: cpu: 4.6% command: Xorg pid: 2114
- 5: cpu: 3.0% command: cinnamon pid: 2835
- Memory: MB / % used - Used/Total: 3223.6/7879.9MB - top 5 active
- 1: mem: 991.93MB (12.5%) command: plugin-container pid: 3066
- 2: mem: 508.96MB (6.4%) command: java pid: 1527
- 3: mem: 507.86MB (6.4%) command: firefox pid: 3018
- 4: mem: 244.45MB (3.1%) command: chrome pid: 7405
- 5: mem: 211.68MB (2.6%) command: chrome pid: 6146
可以在选项 cm 后跟一个整数(在 1-20 之间)设置显示多少个进程,下面的命令显示了前 10 个最消耗 CPU 和内存的进程:
- $ inxi -t cm10
- Processes: CPU: % used - top 10 active
- 1: cpu: 53.4% command: plugin-container pid: 3066
- 2: cpu: 19.8% command: java pid: 1527
- 3: cpu: 19.5% command: firefox pid: 3018
- 4: cpu: 4.5% command: Xorg pid: 2114
- 5: cpu: 3.0% command: cinnamon pid: 2835
- 6: cpu: 2.8% command: chrome pid: 7405
- 7: cpu: 1.1% command: pulseaudio pid: 2733
- 8: cpu: 1.0% command: soffice.bin pid: 7799
- 9: cpu: 0.9% command: chrome pid: 5763
- 10: cpu: 0.5% command: chrome pid: 6179
- Memory: MB / % used - Used/Total: 3163.1/7879.9MB - top 10 active
- 1: mem: 976.82MB (12.3%) command: plugin-container pid: 3066
- 2: mem: 511.70MB (6.4%) command: java pid: 1527
- 3: mem: 466.01MB (5.9%) command: firefox pid: 3018
- 4: mem: 244.40MB (3.1%) command: chrome pid: 7405
- 5: mem: 203.71MB (2.5%) command: chrome pid: 6146
- 6: mem: 199.74MB (2.5%) command: chrome pid: 5763
- 7: mem: 168.30MB (2.1%) command: cinnamon pid: 2835
- 8: mem: 165.51MB (2.1%) command: soffice.bin pid: 7799
- 9: mem: 158.91MB (2.0%) command: chrome pid: 6179
- 10: mem: 151.83MB (1.9%) command: mysqld pid: 1259
监控网络设备
下面的命令会列出网卡信息,包括接口信息、网络频率、mac 地址、网卡状态和网络 IP 等信息。
- $ inxi -Nni
- Network: Card-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller driver: r8169
- IF: enp1s0 state: up speed: 100 Mbps duplex: full mac: 28:d2:44:eb:bd:98
- Card-2: Realtek RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter driver: rtl8723be
- IF: wlp2s0 state: down mac: 38:b1:db:7c:78:c7
- WAN IP: 111.91.115.195 IF: wlp2s0 ip-v4: N/A
- IF: enp1s0 ip-v4: 192.168.0.103
监控 CPU 温度和电脑风扇转速
可以使用 -s 选项监控 配置了传感器的机器 获取温度和风扇转速:
- $ inxi -s
- Sensors: System Temperatures: cpu: 53.0C mobo: N/A
- Fan Speeds (in rpm): cpu: N/A
用 Linux 查看天气预报
使用 -w 选项查看本地区的天气情况(虽然使用的 API 可能不是很可靠),使用 -W <different_location> 设置另外的地区。
- $ inxi -w
- Weather: Conditions: 93 F (34 C) - smoke Time: February 20, 1:38 PM IST
- $ inxi -W Mumbai,India
- Weather: Conditions: 93 F (34 C) - smoke Time: February 20, 1:38 PM IST
- $ inxi -W Nairobi,Kenya
- Weather: Conditions: 70 F (21 C) - Mostly Cloudy Time: February 20, 11:08 AM EAT
查看所有的 Linux 仓库信息
另外,可以使用 -r 选项查看一个 Linux 发行版的仓库信息:
- $ inxi -r
- Repos: Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/dawidd0811-neofetch-xenial.list
- deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/dawidd0811/neofetch/ubuntu xenial main
- deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/dawidd0811/neofetch/ubuntu xenial main
- Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/dhor-myway-xenial.list
- deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/dhor/myway/ubuntu xenial main
- deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/dhor/myway/ubuntu xenial main
- Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/official-package-repositories.list
- deb http://packages.linuxmint.com sarah main upstream import backport
- deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted universe multiverse
- deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
- deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
- deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
- deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ xenial partner
- Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/qbittorrent-team-qbittorrent-stable-xenial.list
- deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/qbittorrent-team/qbittorrent-stable/ubuntu xenial main
- deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/qbittorrent-team/qbittorrent-stable/ubuntu xenial main
- Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/slgobinath-safeeyes-xenial.list
- deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/slgobinath/safeeyes/ubuntu xenial main
- deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/slgobinath/safeeyes/ubuntu xenial main
- Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/snwh-pulp-xenial.list
- deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/snwh/pulp/ubuntu xenial main
- deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/snwh/pulp/ubuntu xenial main
- Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/twodopeshaggy-jarun-xenial.list
- deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/twodopeshaggy/jarun/ubuntu xenial main
- deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/twodopeshaggy/jarun/ubuntu xenial main
- Active apt sources in file: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu-mozilla-security-ppa-xenial.list
- deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-mozilla-security/ppa/ubuntu xenial main
- deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-mozilla-security/ppa/ubuntu xenial main
下面是查看 Inxi 的安装版本、快速帮助和打开 man 主页的方法,以及更多的 Inxi 使用细节。
- $ inxi -v #显示版本信息
- $ inxi -h #快速帮助
- $ man inxi #打开 man 主页
浏览 Inxi 的官方 GitHub 主页 https://github.com/smxi/inxi 查看更多的信息。
Inxi 是一个功能强大的获取硬件和系统信息的命令行工具。这也是我使用过的最好的 获取硬件和系统信息的命令行工具 之一。
写下你的评论。如果你知道其他的像 Inxi 这样的工具,我们很高兴和你一起讨论。
作者:Aaron Kili
来源:51CTO