关于WIndows服务的介绍，之前写过一篇：http://blog.csdn.net/yysyangyangyangshan/article/details/7295739。可能这里对如何写一个服务不是很详细。现在纯用代码的形式介绍一下windows服务是如何开发和安装的。
开发环境：Win7 32位；工具：visualstudio2010。
因为win7自带的就有.net环境，算是偷一下懒吧。因为无论是手动安装或程序安装都要用到。一个目录（默认C盘为操作系统的情况）：C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework，如果你的代码是.net2.0：C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727；4.0：C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319。
下面看一下代码：
一、创建windows服务
如图新建一个Windows服务
进入程序如图
空白服务如下
[csharp] view plaincopyprint?
- public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase
- {
- System.Threading.Timer recordTimer;
- public Service1()
- {
- InitializeComponent();
- }
- protected override
void OnStart(string[] args) - {
- }
- protected
override void OnStop() - {
- }
- }
public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase
{
System.Threading.Timer recordTimer;
public Service1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
{
}
protected override void OnStop()
{
}
}
只要在OnStart里完成你的功能代码即可。本例中我们做一个定时向本地文件写记录的功能。
如图
创建一个类，用户写文件，
[csharp] view plaincopyprint?
- public class FileOpetation
- {
- /// <summary>
- /// 保存至本地文件
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="ETMID"></param>
- /// <param name="content"></param>
- public static
void SaveRecord(string content) - {
- if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(content))
- {
- return;
- }
- FileStream fileStream = null;
- StreamWriter streamWriter =
null; - try
- {
- string path = Path.Combine(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ApplicationBase,
string.Format("{0:yyyyMMdd}", DateTime.Now)); - using (fileStream =
new FileStream(path, FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write)) - {
- using (streamWriter =
new StreamWriter(fileStream)) - {
- streamWriter.Write(content);
- if (streamWriter !=
null) - {
- streamWriter.Close();
- }
- }
- if (fileStream !=
null) - {
- fileStream.Close();
- }
- }
- }
- catch { }
- }
- }
public class FileOpetation
{
/// <summary>
/// 保存至本地文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ETMID"></param>
/// <param name="content"></param>
public static void SaveRecord(string content)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(content))
{
return;
}
FileStream fileStream = null;
StreamWriter streamWriter = null;
try
{
string path = Path.Combine(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ApplicationBase, string.Format("{0:yyyyMMdd}", DateTime.Now));
using (fileStream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write))
{
using (streamWriter = new StreamWriter(fileStream))
{
streamWriter.Write(content);
if (streamWriter != null)
{
streamWriter.Close();
}
}
if (fileStream != null)
{
fileStream.Close();
}
}
}
catch { }
}
}
那么在Service1中调用，
[csharp] view plaincopyprint?
- public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase
- {
- System.Threading.Timer recordTimer;
- public Service1()
- {
- InitializeComponent();
- }
- protected override
void OnStart(string[] args) - {
- IntialSaveRecord();
- }
- protected override
void OnStop() - {
- if (recordTimer !=
null) - {
- recordTimer.Dispose();
- }
- }
- private void IntialSaveRecord()
- {
- TimerCallback timerCallback =
new TimerCallback(CallbackTask); - AutoResetEvent autoEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
- recordTimer = new System.Threading.Timer(timerCallback, autoEvent, 10000, 60000 * 10);
- }
- private void CallbackTask(Object stateInfo)
- {
- FileOpetation.SaveRecord(string.Format(@"当前记录时间：{0},状况：程序运行正常！", DateTime.Now));
- }
- }
public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase
{
System.Threading.Timer recordTimer;
public Service1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
{
IntialSaveRecord();
}
protected override void OnStop()
{
if (recordTimer != null)
{
recordTimer.Dispose();
}
}
private void IntialSaveRecord()
{
TimerCallback timerCallback = new TimerCallback(CallbackTask);
AutoResetEvent autoEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
recordTimer = new System.Threading.Timer(timerCallback, autoEvent, 10000, 60000 * 10);
}
private void CallbackTask(Object stateInfo)
{
FileOpetation.SaveRecord(string.Format(@"当前记录时间：{0},状况：程序运行正常！", DateTime.Now));
}
}
这样服务算是写的差不多了，下面添加一个安装类，用于安装。
如图，在service1上右键-添加安装程序，
如图，添加一个安装程序，
如图，添加完成后，
设置相应的属性，给serviceInstaller1设置属性，主要是描述信息。如图，
给serviceProcessInstaller1设置，主要是account。一般选localsystem，如图，
这样服务已经写好了。那么如何添加到windows服务里面去呢。除了之前说过的用CMD，InstallUtil.exe和服务的exe文件进行手动添加。这些可以用代码来实现的。当然主要过程都是一样的。代码实现也是使用dos命令来完成的。
二、代码安装Windows服务
上面写好的服务，最终生成的是一个exe文件。如图，
安装程序安装时需要用到这个exe的路径，所以方便起见，将这个生成的exe文件拷贝至安装程序的运行目录下。
安装代码，
[csharp] view plaincopyprint?
- class Program
- {
- static void Main(string[] args)
- {
- Application.EnableVisualStyles();
- Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
- string sysDisk = System.Environment.SystemDirectory.Substring(0,3);
- string dotNetPath = sysDisk + @"WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\InstallUtil.exe";//因为当前用的是4.0的环境
- string serviceEXEPath = Application.StartupPath+@"\MyFirstWindowsService.exe";//把服务的exe程序拷贝到了当前运行目录下，所以用此路径
- string serviceInstallCommand =
string.Format(@"{0} {1}", dotNetPath, serviceEXEPath);//安装服务时使用的dos命令 - string serviceUninstallCommand =
string.Format(@"{0} -U {1}", dotNetPath, serviceEXEPath);//卸载服务时使用的dos命令 - try
- {
- if (File.Exists(dotNetPath))
- {
- string[] cmd =
new string[] { serviceUninstallCommand }; - string ss = Cmd(cmd);
- CloseProcess("cmd.exe");
- }
- }
- catch
- {
- }
- Thread.Sleep(1000);
- try
- {
- if (File.Exists(dotNetPath))
- {
- string[] cmd =
new string[] { serviceInstallCommand }; - string ss = Cmd(cmd);
- CloseProcess("cmd.exe");
- }
- }
- catch
- {
- }
- try
- {
- Thread.Sleep(3000);
- ServiceController sc = new ServiceController("MyFirstWindowsService");
- if (sc !=
null && (sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped)) || - (sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.StopPending)))
- {
- sc.Start();
- }
- sc.Refresh();
- }
- catch
- {
- }
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 运行CMD命令
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="cmd">命令</param>
- /// <returns></returns>
- public static
string Cmd(string[] cmd) - {
- Process p = new Process();
- p.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";
- p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute =
false; - p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;
- p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput =
true; - p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
- p.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow =
true; - p.Start();
- p.StandardInput.AutoFlush =
true; - for (int i = 0; i < cmd.Length; i++)
- {
- p.StandardInput.WriteLine(cmd[i].ToString());
- }
- p.StandardInput.WriteLine("exit");
- string strRst = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
- p.WaitForExit();
- p.Close();
- return strRst;
- }
- /// <summary>
- /// 关闭进程
- /// </summary>
- /// <param name="ProcName">进程名称</param>
- /// <returns></returns>
- public static
bool CloseProcess(string ProcName) - {
- bool result =
false; - System.Collections.ArrayList procList =
new System.Collections.ArrayList(); - string tempName =
""; - int begpos;
- int endpos;
- foreach (System.Diagnostics.Process thisProc
in System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcesses()) - {
- tempName = thisProc.ToString();
- begpos = tempName.IndexOf("(") + 1;
- endpos = tempName.IndexOf(")");
- tempName = tempName.Substring(begpos, endpos - begpos);
- procList.Add(tempName);
- if (tempName == ProcName)
- {
- if (!thisProc.CloseMainWindow())
- thisProc.Kill(); // 当发送关闭窗口命令无效时强行结束进程
- result = true;
- }
- }
- return result;
- }
- }
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
string sysDisk = System.Environment.SystemDirectory.Substring(0,3);
string dotNetPath = sysDisk + @"WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\InstallUtil.exe";//因为当前用的是4.0的环境
string serviceEXEPath = Application.StartupPath+@"\MyFirstWindowsService.exe";//把服务的exe程序拷贝到了当前运行目录下，所以用此路径
string serviceInstallCommand = string.Format(@"{0} {1}", dotNetPath, serviceEXEPath);//安装服务时使用的dos命令
string serviceUninstallCommand = string.Format(@"{0} -U {1}", dotNetPath, serviceEXEPath);//卸载服务时使用的dos命令
try
{
if (File.Exists(dotNetPath))
{
string[] cmd = new string[] { serviceUninstallCommand };
string ss = Cmd(cmd);
CloseProcess("cmd.exe");
}
}
catch
{
}
Thread.Sleep(1000);
try
{
if (File.Exists(dotNetPath))
{
string[] cmd = new string[] { serviceInstallCommand };
string ss = Cmd(cmd);
CloseProcess("cmd.exe");
}
}
catch
{
}
try
{
Thread.Sleep(3000);
ServiceController sc = new ServiceController("MyFirstWindowsService");
if (sc != null && (sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped)) ||
(sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.StopPending)))
{
sc.Start();
}
sc.Refresh();
}
catch
{
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 运行CMD命令
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cmd">命令</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string Cmd(string[] cmd)
{
Process p = new Process();
p.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";
p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
p.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
p.Start();
p.StandardInput.AutoFlush = true;
for (int i = 0; i < cmd.Length; i++)
{
p.StandardInput.WriteLine(cmd[i].ToString());
}
p.StandardInput.WriteLine("exit");
string strRst = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
p.WaitForExit();
p.Close();
return strRst;
}
/// <summary>
/// 关闭进程
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ProcName">进程名称</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool CloseProcess(string ProcName)
{
bool result = false;
System.Collections.ArrayList procList = new System.Collections.ArrayList();
string tempName = "";
int begpos;
int endpos;
foreach (System.Diagnostics.Process thisProc in System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcesses())
{
tempName = thisProc.ToString();
begpos = tempName.IndexOf("(") + 1;
endpos = tempName.IndexOf(")");
tempName = tempName.Substring(begpos, endpos - begpos);
procList.Add(tempName);
if (tempName == ProcName)
{
if (!thisProc.CloseMainWindow())
thisProc.Kill(); // 当发送关闭窗口命令无效时强行结束进程
result = true;
}
}
return result;
}
}
这段代码其实可以放在项目中的某个地方，或单独执行程序中，只好设置好dotNetPath和serviceEXEPath路径就可以了。
运行完后，如图，
再在安装目录下看记录的文件，
这样，一个windows服务安装成功了。
代码下载：http://download.csdn.net/detail/yysyangyangyangshan/6032671
时间： 2024-09-12 04:03:19