老规矩，先上一下项目地址：GitHub：https://github.com/xiangzhihong/CameraDemo

方式：

调用Camera API 自定义相机
调用系统相机

由于需求不同，所以选择的方案固然也不同，至于第二种调用系统相机，这里就不过多讲解了，使用Intent对象设置一个Action动作即可，跳转时使用startActivityForResult，然后在onActivityResult处理相关数据便可，关键代码：

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intent.setAction("android.media.action.STILL_IMAGE_CAMERA");

至于使用，较常见的一般是应用中用户上传头像的时候调用，然后返回处理图像数据。

而第一种自定义相机的方式使用也十分普遍，但是要做好这个模块，相对来说还是有一定难度的，之前分享过一个Github上的开源相机的项目，项目由美国的一个团队开发，集拍照、摄影、各种特效动画等功能与一身，本人之前研究了下，发现功能比较全面也很强大，抠出来单独拍照那一个模块，我滴妈呀，真TM费劲！相机不管是预览还是拍摄图像都还是很清晰的，自己当时也写了一个，比较操蛋，只能怪自己对这一块的优化了解浅显吧！特别是预览的时候，聚焦完成后，焦点周边会出现很多白色的噪点，密密麻麻，特别严重，头疼的很。不过也总算解决了，灰常感谢USA的那个什么什么团队的开源相机程序。经过自己改造后的预览效果图：

下面看下这个项目的效果图，我也把地址甩底下，大伙感兴趣的自行Clone研究（或者闲的蛋疼也可以抽时间剥离开每一个模块学习，作为日后的知识储备），里面也用到了这个Android中读取图片EXIF元数据之metadata-extractor的使用。

相机开发简介

下面说说在Android中调用Camera来定义相机的最基本步骤：

打开相机 —— 调用Camera的open()方法。
获取拍照参数 —— 调用Camera的getParameters（）方法，返回Camera.Parameters对象。
拍照参数设置 —— 调用Camera.Parameters对象。
拍照参数控制 —— 调用Camera的setParameters（），并将Camera.Parameters对象作为参数传入。注：Android2.3.3之后不用设置。
预览取景 —— 调用Camera的startPreview()方法，在之前注意调用Camera的setPreviewDisplay(SurfaceHolder holder)设置使用哪个SurfaceView来显示取得的图片。
拍照 —— 调用Camera的takePicture()
停止预览 —— 调用Camera的stopPreview()方法
资源释放 —— Camera.release()

开启和关闭预览的联系如下：Camera
---- SurfaceHolder ------ SurfaceView

关于SurfaceHolder.Callback必须实现的3个方法：

surfaceCreated() 该方法在surfaceView被Create时调用
surfaceChanged() 该方法是当surfaceView发生改变后调用
surfaceDestroyed() 这个不用说了，销毁时调用

surfaceHolder通过addCallBack()方法将响应的接口绑定

注：必要Camera权限，例如：

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<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.hardware.camera.autofocus" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

关于Camera下的Parameters类，其中封装了我们需要的大部分功能，下面做个简单介绍：

setPictureFormat() 方法用于设置相机照片的格式,其参数是一个字符型参数，位于PixelFormat类中，如：PixelFormat.JPEG。
setSceneMode() 方法用于设置相机场景类型，其参是是一个字符型参数，位于Parameters类中，以SCENE_MODE_开头。
setZoom() 方法用于设置相机焦距，其参数是一个整型的参数，该参数的范围是0到Camera.getParameters().getMaxZoom()。
setPictureSize() 方法用于设置相机照片的大小，参数为整型。
setWhiteBalance() 方法用于设置相机照片白平衡，其参数是一个字符型，位于Parameters类中，以WHITE_BALANCE开头。
setJpegQuality() 方法用于设置相机照片的质量，其参数是一个整型参数，取值范围为1到100。
setFlashMode() 方法用于设置闪光灯的类型，其参数是一个字符型参数，位于Parameters类中，以FLASH_MODE_开头。
setColorEffect() 方法用于设置照片颜色特效的类型，其参数是一个字符型参数，位于Parameters类中，以EFFECT_开头。

本程序模块效果图及示例

下面分享本篇Blog的示例相机模块，此功能模块并非上面开源项目中的剥离出来的，看下效果图咯：

效果看着还可以吧（不点赞也太不给面子了吧 - . - ），下面个出主界面的布局代码：

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
<SurfaceView
android:id="@+id/surfaceView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
<org.gaochun.camera.CameraGrid
android:id="@+id/camera_grid"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true" />
<View
android:id="@+id/focus_index"
android:layout_width="40dp"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:background="@drawable/camera_focus"
android:visibility="invisible" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/flash_view"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:onClick="onClick"
android:padding="15dp"
android:scaleType="centerCrop"
android:src="@drawable/camera_flash_off" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/camera_flip_view"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:onClick="onClick"
android:padding="15dp"
android:scaleType="centerCrop"
android:src="@drawable/camera_flip" />
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="70dp"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:background="#a0000000"
android:padding="5dp" >
<Button
android:id="@+id/search"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginLeft="30dp"
android:background="@null"
android:drawablePadding="3dp"
android:drawableTop="@drawable/ic_search_selector"
android:onClick="onClick"
android:text="搜图"
android:textColor="@drawable/row_selector_text" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/action_button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:clickable="true"
android:onClick="onClick"
android:src="@drawable/btn_shutter_photo" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/takephoto"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:layout_marginRight="30dp"
android:background="@null"
android:drawablePadding="3dp"
android:drawableTop="@drawable/ic_takephoto_selector"
android:onClick="onClick"
android:text="拍照"
android:textColor="@drawable/row_selector_text" />
</RelativeLayout>
</RelativeLayout>
</FrameLayout>

下面是核心模块 CameraPreview 类：

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public class CameraPreview extends ViewGroup implements SurfaceHolder.Callback, Camera.AutoFocusCallback {
private SurfaceView mSurfaceView;
private SurfaceHolder mHolder;
private Size mPreviewSize;
private Size adapterSize;
//private List<Size> mSupportedPreviewSizes;
private Camera mCamera;
private boolean isSupportAutoFocus = false;
private Camera.Parameters parameters = null;
private Context mContext;
//private int mCurrentCameraId = 0;
private int screenWidth;
private int screenHeight;
CameraPreview(Context context, SurfaceView sv) {
super(context);
mContext = context;
mSurfaceView = sv;
mHolder = mSurfaceView.getHolder();
mHolder.addCallback(this);
mHolder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);
mHolder.setKeepScreenOn(true);
isSupportAutoFocus = context.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(
PackageManager.FEATURE_CAMERA_AUTOFOCUS);
DisplayMetrics dm = new DisplayMetrics();
((Activity) mContext).getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(dm);
screenWidth = dm.widthPixels;
screenHeight = dm.heightPixels;
}
public void setCamera(Camera camera) {
mCamera = camera;
initCamera();
}
public void initCamera() {
if (mCamera != null) {
Camera.Parameters params = mCamera.getParameters();
//mSupportedPreviewSizes = mCamera.getParameters().getSupportedPreviewSizes();
requestLayout();
if (mPreviewSize == null) {
mPreviewSize = findBestPreviewResolution();
}
if (adapterSize == null) {
adapterSize = findBestPictureResolution();
}
if (adapterSize != null) {
params.setPictureSize(adapterSize.width, adapterSize.height);
}
if (mPreviewSize != null) {
params.setPreviewSize(mPreviewSize.width, mPreviewSize.height);
}
params.setPictureFormat(PixelFormat.JPEG);
List<String> focusModes = params.getSupportedFocusModes();
if (focusModes.contains(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_AUTO)) {
// set the focus mode
params.setFocusMode(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_AUTO);
// set Camera parameters
mCamera.setParameters(params);
}
setDispaly(params, mCamera);
//setCameraDisplayOrientation((Activity) mContext, mCurrentCameraId, mCamera);
mCamera.setParameters(params);
}
}
//控制图像的正确显示方向
private void setDispaly(Camera.Parameters parameters, Camera camera) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 8) {
setDisplayOrientation(camera, 90);
} else {
parameters.setRotation(90);
}
}
//实现的图像的正确显示
private void setDisplayOrientation(Camera camera, int i) {
Method downPolymorphic;
try {
downPolymorphic = camera.getClass().getMethod("setDisplayOrientation",
new Class[]{int.class});
if (downPolymorphic != null) {
downPolymorphic.invoke(camera, new Object[]{i});
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void setCameraDisplayOrientation(Activity activity,
int cameraId, android.hardware.Camera camera) {
android.hardware.Camera.CameraInfo info =
new android.hardware.Camera.CameraInfo();
android.hardware.Camera.getCameraInfo(cameraId, info);
int rotation = activity.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay()
.getRotation();
int degrees = 0;
switch (rotation) {
case Surface.ROTATION_0:
degrees = 0;
break;
case Surface.ROTATION_90:
degrees = 90;
break;
case Surface.ROTATION_180:
degrees = 180;
break;
case Surface.ROTATION_270:
degrees = 270;
break;
}
int result;
if (info.facing == Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT) {
result = (info.orientation + degrees) % 360;
result = (360 - result) % 360; // compensate the mirror
} else { // back-facing
result = (info.orientation - degrees + 360) % 360;
}
camera.setDisplayOrientation(result);
}
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
final int width = resolveSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec);
final int height = resolveSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec);
setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
// if (mSupportedPreviewSizes != null) {
// mPreviewSize = getOptimalPreviewSize(mSupportedPreviewSizes, width, height);
// }
}
@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
if (changed && getChildCount() > 0) {
final View child = getChildAt(0);
final int width = r - l;
final int height = b - t;
int previewWidth = width;
int previewHeight = height;
if (mPreviewSize != null) {
previewWidth = mPreviewSize.width;
previewHeight = mPreviewSize.height;
}
// Center the child SurfaceView within the parent.
if (width * previewHeight > height * previewWidth) {
final int scaledChildWidth = previewWidth * height / previewHeight;
child.layout((width - scaledChildWidth) / 2, 0,
(width + scaledChildWidth) / 2, height);
} else {
final int scaledChildHeight = previewHeight * width / previewWidth;
child.layout(0, (height - scaledChildHeight) / 2,
width, (height + scaledChildHeight) / 2);
}
}
}
public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
// The Surface has been created, acquire the camera and tell it where
// to draw.
try {
if (mCamera != null) {
mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
if (null != mCamera) {
mCamera.release();
mCamera = null;
}
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int w, int h) {
if (holder.getSurface() == null) {
return;
}
if (mCamera != null) {
Camera.Parameters parameters = mCamera.getParameters();
parameters.setPreviewSize(mPreviewSize.width, mPreviewSize.height);
mCamera.setParameters(parameters);
try {
mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
mCamera.startPreview();
reAutoFocus();
}
}
public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
// Surface will be destroyed when we return, so stop the preview.
if (mCamera != null) {
mCamera.stopPreview();
}
}
/**
* 最小预览界面的分辨率
*/
private static final int MIN_PREVIEW_PIXELS = 480 * 320;
/**
* 最大宽高比差
*/
private static final double MAX_ASPECT_DISTORTION = 0.15;
/**
* 找出最适合的预览界面分辨率
*
* @return
*/
private Camera.Size findBestPreviewResolution() {
Camera.Parameters cameraParameters = mCamera.getParameters();
Camera.Size defaultPreviewResolution = cameraParameters.getPreviewSize();
List<Camera.Size> rawSupportedSizes = cameraParameters.getSupportedPreviewSizes();
if (rawSupportedSizes == null) {
return defaultPreviewResolution;
}
// 按照分辨率从大到小排序
List<Camera.Size> supportedPreviewResolutions = new ArrayList<Camera.Size>(rawSupportedSizes);
Collections.sort(supportedPreviewResolutions, new Comparator<Size>() {
@Override
public int compare(Camera.Size a, Camera.Size b) {
int aPixels = a.height * a.width;
int bPixels = b.height * b.width;
if (bPixels < aPixels) {
return -1;
}
if (bPixels > aPixels) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
});
StringBuilder previewResolutionSb = new StringBuilder();
for (Camera.Size supportedPreviewResolution : supportedPreviewResolutions) {
previewResolutionSb.append(supportedPreviewResolution.width).append('x').append(supportedPreviewResolution.height)
.append(' ');
}
// 移除不符合条件的分辨率
double screenAspectRatio = (double) screenWidth
/ screenHeight;
Iterator<Size> it = supportedPreviewResolutions.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
Camera.Size supportedPreviewResolution = it.next();
int width = supportedPreviewResolution.width;
int height = supportedPreviewResolution.height;
// 移除低于下限的分辨率，尽可能取高分辨率
if (width * height < MIN_PREVIEW_PIXELS) {
it.remove();
continue;
}
// 在camera分辨率与屏幕分辨率宽高比不相等的情况下，找出差距最小的一组分辨率
// 由于camera的分辨率是width>height，我们设置的portrait模式中，width<height
// 因此这里要先交换然preview宽高比后在比较
boolean isCandidatePortrait = width > height;
int maybeFlippedWidth = isCandidatePortrait ? height : width;
int maybeFlippedHeight = isCandidatePortrait ? width : height;
double aspectRatio = (double) maybeFlippedWidth / (double) maybeFlippedHeight;
double distortion = Math.abs(aspectRatio - screenAspectRatio);
if (distortion > MAX_ASPECT_DISTORTION) {
it.remove();
continue;
}
// 找到与屏幕分辨率完全匹配的预览界面分辨率直接返回
if (maybeFlippedWidth == screenWidth
&& maybeFlippedHeight == screenHeight) {
return supportedPreviewResolution;
}
}
// 如果没有找到合适的，并且还有候选的像素，则设置其中最大比例的，对于配置比较低的机器不太合适
if (!supportedPreviewResolutions.isEmpty()) {
Camera.Size largestPreview = supportedPreviewResolutions.get(0);
return largestPreview;
}
// 没有找到合适的，就返回默认的
return defaultPreviewResolution;
}
private Camera.Size findBestPictureResolution() {
Camera.Parameters cameraParameters = mCamera.getParameters();
List<Camera.Size> supportedPicResolutions = cameraParameters.getSupportedPictureSizes(); // 至少会返回一个值
StringBuilder picResolutionSb = new StringBuilder();
for (Camera.Size supportedPicResolution : supportedPicResolutions) {
picResolutionSb.append(supportedPicResolution.width).append('x')
.append(supportedPicResolution.height).append(" ");
}
Camera.Size defaultPictureResolution = cameraParameters.getPictureSize();
// 排序
List<Camera.Size> sortedSupportedPicResolutions = new ArrayList<Camera.Size>(
supportedPicResolutions);
Collections.sort(sortedSupportedPicResolutions, new Comparator<Camera.Size>() {
@Override
public int compare(Camera.Size a, Camera.Size b) {
int aPixels = a.height * a.width;
int bPixels = b.height * b.width;
if (bPixels < aPixels) {
return -1;
}
if (bPixels > aPixels) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
});
// 移除不符合条件的分辨率
double screenAspectRatio = screenWidth
/ (double) screenHeight;
Iterator<Camera.Size> it = sortedSupportedPicResolutions.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
Camera.Size supportedPreviewResolution = it.next();
int width = supportedPreviewResolution.width;
int height = supportedPreviewResolution.height;
// 在camera分辨率与屏幕分辨率宽高比不相等的情况下，找出差距最小的一组分辨率
// 由于camera的分辨率是width>height，我们设置的portrait模式中，width<height
// 因此这里要先交换然后在比较宽高比
boolean isCandidatePortrait = width > height;
int maybeFlippedWidth = isCandidatePortrait ? height : width;
int maybeFlippedHeight = isCandidatePortrait ? width : height;
double aspectRatio = (double) maybeFlippedWidth / (double) maybeFlippedHeight;
double distortion = Math.abs(aspectRatio - screenAspectRatio);
if (distortion > MAX_ASPECT_DISTORTION) {
it.remove();
continue;
}
}
// 如果没有找到合适的，并且还有候选的像素，对于照片，则取其中最大比例的，而不是选择与屏幕分辨率相同的
if (!sortedSupportedPicResolutions.isEmpty()) {
return sortedSupportedPicResolutions.get(0);
}
// 没有找到合适的，就返回默认的
return defaultPictureResolution;
}
private Size getOptimalPreviewSize(List<Size> sizes, int w, int h) {
final double ASPECT_TOLERANCE = 0.1;
double targetRatio = (double) w / h;
if (sizes == null)
return null;
Size optimalSize = null;
double minDiff = Double.MAX_VALUE;
int targetHeight = h;
// Try to find an size match aspect ratio and size
for (Size size : sizes) {
double ratio = (double) size.width / size.height;
if (Math.abs(ratio - targetRatio) > ASPECT_TOLERANCE)
continue;
if (Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight) < minDiff) {
optimalSize = size;
minDiff = Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight);
}
}
// Cannot find the one match the aspect ratio, ignore the requirement
if (optimalSize == null) {
minDiff = Double.MAX_VALUE;
for (Size size : sizes) {
if (Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight) < minDiff) {
optimalSize = size;
minDiff = Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight);
}
}
}
return optimalSize;
}
public void reAutoFocus() {
if (isSupportAutoFocus) {
mCamera.autoFocus(new Camera.AutoFocusCallback() {
@Override
public void onAutoFocus(boolean success, Camera camera) {
}
});
}
}
public List<Size> getResolutionList() {
return mCamera.getParameters().getSupportedPreviewSizes();
}
public Camera.Size getResolution() {
Camera.Parameters params = mCamera.getParameters();
Camera.Size s = params.getPreviewSize();
return s;
}
/*public void setCurrentCameraId(int current) {
mCurrentCameraId = current;
}*/
//定点对焦的代码
public void pointFocus(MotionEvent event) {
mCamera.cancelAutoFocus();
parameters = mCamera.getParameters();
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) {
//showPoint(x, y);
focusOnTouch(event);
}
mCamera.setParameters(parameters);
autoFocus();
}
//实现自动对焦
public void autoFocus() {
new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (mCamera == null) {
return;
}
mCamera.autoFocus(new Camera.AutoFocusCallback() {
@Override
public void onAutoFocus(boolean success, Camera camera) {
if (success) {
initCamera();//实现相机的参数初始化
}
}
});
}
};
}
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH)
private void showPoint(int x, int y) {
if (parameters.getMaxNumMeteringAreas() > 0) {
List<Camera.Area> areas = new ArrayList<Camera.Area>();
WindowManager wm = (WindowManager) getContext()
.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
//xy变换了
int rectY = -x * 2000 / wm.getDefaultDisplay().getWidth() + 1000;
int rectX = y * 2000 / wm.getDefaultDisplay().getHeight() - 1000;
int left = rectX < -900 ? -1000 : rectX - 100;
int top = rectY < -900 ? -1000 : rectY - 100;
int right = rectX > 900 ? 1000 : rectX + 100;
int bottom = rectY > 900 ? 1000 : rectY + 100;
Rect area1 = new Rect(left, top, right, bottom);
areas.add(new Camera.Area(area1, 800));
parameters.setMeteringAreas(areas);
}
parameters.setFocusMode(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_CONTINUOUS_PICTURE);
}
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH)
public void focusOnTouch(MotionEvent event) {
Rect focusRect = calculateTapArea(event.getRawX(), event.getRawY(), 1f);
Rect meteringRect = calculateTapArea(event.getRawX(), event.getRawY(), 1.5f);
Camera.Parameters parameters = mCamera.getParameters();
parameters.setFocusMode(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_AUTO);
if (parameters.getMaxNumFocusAreas() > 0) {
List<Camera.Area> focusAreas = new ArrayList<Camera.Area>();
focusAreas.add(new Camera.Area(focusRect, 1000));
parameters.setFocusAreas(focusAreas);
}
if (parameters.getMaxNumMeteringAreas() > 0) {
List<Camera.Area> meteringAreas = new ArrayList<Camera.Area>();
meteringAreas.add(new Camera.Area(meteringRect, 1000));
parameters.setMeteringAreas(meteringAreas);
}
mCamera.setParameters(parameters);
mCamera.autoFocus(this);
}
/**
* Convert touch position x:y to {@link Camera.Area} position -1000:-1000 to 1000:1000.
*/
private Rect calculateTapArea(float x, float y, float coefficient) {
float focusAreaSize = 300;
int areaSize = Float.valueOf(focusAreaSize * coefficient).intValue();
int centerX = (int) (x / getResolution().width * 2000 - 1000);
int centerY = (int) (y / getResolution().height * 2000 - 1000);
int left = clamp(centerX - areaSize / 2, -1000, 1000);
int right = clamp(left + areaSize, -1000, 1000);
int top = clamp(centerY - areaSize / 2, -1000, 1000);
int bottom = clamp(top + areaSize, -1000, 1000);
return new Rect(left, top, right, bottom);
}
private int clamp(int x, int min, int max) {
if (x > max) {
return max;
}
if (x < min) {
return min;
}
return x;
}
@Override
public void onAutoFocus(boolean success, Camera camera) {
}
public void setNull() {
adapterSize = null;
mPreviewSize = null;
}
}

以下是CameraActivity类：

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public class CameraActivity extends Activity implements View.OnTouchListener,OnClickListener {
public static final String CAMERA_PATH_VALUE1 = "PHOTO_PATH";
public static final String CAMERA_PATH_VALUE2 = "PATH";
public static final String CAMERA_TYPE = "CAMERA_TYPE";
public static final String CAMERA_RETURN_PATH = "return_path";
private int PHOTO_SIZE_W = 2000;
private int PHOTO_SIZE_H = 2000;
public static final int CAMERA_TYPE_1 = 1;
public static final int CAMERA_TYPE_2 = 2;
private final int PROCESS = 1;
private CameraPreview preview;
private Camera camera;
private Context mContext;
private View focusIndex;
private ImageView flashBtn;
private int mCurrentCameraId = 0; // 1是前置 0是后置
private SurfaceView mSurfaceView;
private CameraGrid mCameraGrid;
private int type = 1; //引用的矩形框
private Button mBtnSearch;
private Button mBtnTakePhoto;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mContext = this;
//requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
//getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);//全屏
//getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON);//拍照过程屏幕一直处于高亮
setContentView(R.layout.camera_home);
type = getIntent().getIntExtra(CAMERA_TYPE, CAMERA_TYPE_2);
initView();
InitData();
}
private void initView() {
focusIndex = (View) findViewById(R.id.focus_index);
flashBtn = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.flash_view);
mSurfaceView = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.surfaceView);
mCameraGrid = (CameraGrid) findViewById(R.id.camera_grid);
mBtnSearch = (Button) findViewById(R.id.search);
mBtnTakePhoto = (Button) findViewById(R.id.takephoto);
}
private void InitData() {
preview = new CameraPreview(this, mSurfaceView);
preview.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,
LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT));
((FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.layout)).addView(preview);
preview.setKeepScreenOn(true);
mSurfaceView.setOnTouchListener(this);
mCameraGrid.setType(type);
}
private Handler handler = new Handler();
private void takePhoto() {
try {
camera.takePicture(shutterCallback, rawCallback, jpegCallback);
} catch (Throwable t) {
t.printStackTrace();
Toast.makeText(getApplication(), "拍照失败，请重试！", Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
.show();
try {
camera.startPreview();
} catch (Throwable e) {
}
}
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
int numCams = Camera.getNumberOfCameras();
if (numCams > 0) {
try {
mCurrentCameraId = 0;
camera = Camera.open(mCurrentCameraId);
camera.startPreview();
preview.setCamera(camera);
preview.reAutoFocus();
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
Toast.makeText(mContext, "未发现相机", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {
if (camera != null) {
camera.stopPreview();
preview.setCamera(null);
camera.release();
camera = null;
preview.setNull();
}
super.onPause();
}
private void resetCam() {
camera.startPreview();
preview.setCamera(camera);
}
ShutterCallback shutterCallback = new ShutterCallback() {
public void onShutter() {
}
};
PictureCallback rawCallback = new PictureCallback() {
public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) {
}
};
PictureCallback jpegCallback = new PictureCallback() {
public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) {
new SaveImageTask(data).execute();
resetCam();
}
};
@Override
public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
try {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) {
preview.pointFocus(event);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
RelativeLayout.LayoutParams layout = new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(
focusIndex.getLayoutParams());
layout.setMargins((int) event.getX() - 60, (int) event.getY() - 60, 0,0);
focusIndex.setLayoutParams(layout);
focusIndex.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
ScaleAnimation sa = new ScaleAnimation(3f, 1f, 3f, 1f,
ScaleAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f,
ScaleAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f);
sa.setDuration(800);
focusIndex.startAnimation(sa);
handler.postAtTime(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
focusIndex.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
}
}, 800);
return false;
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
/*case R.id.camera_back:
setResult(0);
finish();
break;*/
case R.id.camera_flip_view:
switchCamera();
break;
case R.id.flash_view:
turnLight(camera);
break;
case R.id.action_button:
takePhoto();
break;
case R.id.search: //处理选中状态
mBtnSearch.setSelected(true);
mBtnTakePhoto.setSelected(false);
break;
case R.id.takephoto: //处理选中状态
mBtnTakePhoto.setSelected(true);
mBtnSearch.setSelected(false);
break;
}
}
private static String getCameraPath() {
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("IMG");
sb.append(calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR));
int month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1; // 0~11
sb.append(month < 10 ? "0" + month : month);
int day = calendar.get(Calendar.DATE);
sb.append(day < 10 ? "0" + day : day);
int hour = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
sb.append(hour < 10 ? "0" + hour : hour);
int minute = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
sb.append(minute < 10 ? "0" + minute : minute);
int second = calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND);
sb.append(second < 10 ? "0" + second : second);
if (!new File(sb.toString() + ".jpg").exists()) {
return sb.toString() + ".jpg";
}
StringBuilder tmpSb = new StringBuilder(sb);
int indexStart = sb.length();
for (int i = 1; i < Integer.MAX_VALUE; i++) {
tmpSb.append('(');
tmpSb.append(i);
tmpSb.append(')');
tmpSb.append(".jpg");
if (!new File(tmpSb.toString()).exists()) {
break;
}
tmpSb.delete(indexStart, tmpSb.length());
}
return tmpSb.toString();
}
//处理拍摄的照片
private class SaveImageTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, String> {
private byte[] data;
SaveImageTask(byte[] data) {
this.data = data;
}
@Override
protected String doInBackground(Void... params) {
// Write to SD Card
String path = "";
try {
showProgressDialog("处理中");
path = saveToSDCard(data);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
}
return path;
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String path) {
super.onPostExecute(path);
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) {
Log.d("DemoLog", "path=" + path);
dismissProgressDialog();
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setClass(CameraActivity.this, PhotoProcessActivity.class);
intent.putExtra(CAMERA_PATH_VALUE1, path);
startActivityForResult(intent, PROCESS);
} else {
Toast.makeText(getApplication(), "拍照失败，请稍后重试！",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
}
private AlertDialog mAlertDialog;
private void dismissProgressDialog() {
this.runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
if (mAlertDialog != null && mAlertDialog.isShowing()
&& !CameraActivity.this.isFinishing()) {
mAlertDialog.dismiss();
mAlertDialog = null;
}
}
});
}
private void showProgressDialog(final String msg) {
this.runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
if (mAlertDialog == null) {
mAlertDialog = new GenericProgressDialog(
CameraActivity.this);
}
mAlertDialog.setMessage(msg);
((GenericProgressDialog) mAlertDialog)
.setProgressVisiable(true);
mAlertDialog.setCancelable(false);
mAlertDialog.setOnCancelListener(null);
mAlertDialog.show();
mAlertDialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(false);
}
});
}
/**
* 将拍下来的照片存放在SD卡中
*/
public String saveToSDCard(byte[] data) throws IOException {
Bitmap croppedImage;
// 获得图片大小
BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length, options);
// PHOTO_SIZE = options.outHeight > options.outWidth ? options.outWidth
// : options.outHeight;
PHOTO_SIZE_W = options.outWidth;
PHOTO_SIZE_H = options.outHeight;
options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
Rect r = new Rect(0, 0, PHOTO_SIZE_W, PHOTO_SIZE_H);
try {
croppedImage = decodeRegionCrop(data, r);
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
String imagePath = "";
try {
imagePath = saveToFile(croppedImage);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
croppedImage.recycle();
return imagePath;
}
private Bitmap decodeRegionCrop(byte[] data, Rect rect) {
InputStream is = null;
System.gc();
Bitmap croppedImage = null;
try {
is = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
BitmapRegionDecoder decoder = BitmapRegionDecoder.newInstance(is,false);
try {
croppedImage = decoder.decodeRegion(rect,
new BitmapFactory.Options());
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
}
} catch (Throwable e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
}
Matrix m = new Matrix();
m.setRotate(90, PHOTO_SIZE_W / 2, PHOTO_SIZE_H / 2);
if (mCurrentCameraId == 1) {
m.postScale(1, -1);
}
Bitmap rotatedImage = Bitmap.createBitmap(croppedImage, 0, 0,
PHOTO_SIZE_W, PHOTO_SIZE_H, m, true);
if (rotatedImage != croppedImage)
croppedImage.recycle();
return rotatedImage;
}
// 保存图片文件
public static String saveToFile(Bitmap croppedImage)
throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
File sdCard = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
File dir = new File(sdCard.getAbsolutePath() + "/DCIM/Camera/");
if (!dir.exists()) {
dir.mkdirs();
}
String fileName = getCameraPath();
File outFile = new File(dir, fileName);
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(outFile); // 文件输出流
croppedImage.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 70, outputStream);
outputStream.flush();
outputStream.close();
return outFile.getAbsolutePath();
}
/**
* 闪光灯开关开->关->自动
*
* @param mCamera
*/
private void turnLight(Camera mCamera) {
if (mCamera == null || mCamera.getParameters() == null
|| mCamera.getParameters().getSupportedFlashModes() == null) {
return;
}
Camera.Parameters parameters = mCamera.getParameters();
String flashMode = mCamera.getParameters().getFlashMode();
List<String> supportedModes = mCamera.getParameters()
.getSupportedFlashModes();
if (Camera.Parameters.FLASH_MODE_OFF.equals(flashMode)
&& supportedModes.contains(Camera.Parameters.FLASH_MODE_ON)) {// 关闭状态
parameters.setFlashMode(Camera.Parameters.FLASH_MODE_ON);
mCamera.setParameters(parameters);
flashBtn.setImageResource(R.drawable.camera_flash_on);
} else if (Camera.Parameters.FLASH_MODE_ON.equals(flashMode)) {// 开启状态
if (supportedModes.contains(Camera.Parameters.FLASH_MODE_AUTO)) {
parameters.setFlashMode(Camera.Parameters.FLASH_MODE_AUTO);
flashBtn.setImageResource(R.drawable.camera_flash_auto);
mCamera.setParameters(parameters);
} else if (supportedModes
.contains(Camera.Parameters.FLASH_MODE_OFF)) {
parameters.setFlashMode(Camera.Parameters.FLASH_MODE_OFF);
flashBtn.setImageResource(R.drawable.camera_flash_off);
mCamera.setParameters(parameters);
}
} else if (Camera.Parameters.FLASH_MODE_AUTO.equals(flashMode)
&& supportedModes.contains(Camera.Parameters.FLASH_MODE_OFF)) {
parameters.setFlashMode(Camera.Parameters.FLASH_MODE_OFF);
mCamera.setParameters(parameters);
flashBtn.setImageResource(R.drawable.camera_flash_off);
}
}
// 切换前后置摄像头
private void switchCamera() {
mCurrentCameraId = (mCurrentCameraId + 1) % Camera.getNumberOfCameras();
if (camera != null) {
camera.stopPreview();
preview.setCamera(null);
camera.setPreviewCallback(null);
camera.release();
camera = null;
}
try {
camera = Camera.open(mCurrentCameraId);
camera.setPreviewDisplay(mSurfaceView.getHolder());
preview.setCamera(camera);
camera.startPreview();
} catch (Exception e) {
Toast.makeText(mContext, "未发现相机", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
@Override
public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK && event.getRepeatCount() == 0) {
setResult(0);
finish();
return true;
}
return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);
}
@Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
if (requestCode == PROCESS) {
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
if (data != null) {
intent.putExtra(CAMERA_RETURN_PATH,
data.getStringExtra(CAMERA_PATH_VALUE2));
}
setResult(RESULT_OK, intent);
finish();
} else {
if (data != null) {
File dir = new File(data.getStringExtra(CAMERA_PATH_VALUE2));
if (dir != null) {
dir.delete();
}
}
}
}
}
}

总结

1、网上有些示例代码，担心相机初始化及开启时间较长，将初始化及启动工作单独放在子线程中，偶尔出现黑屏的情况，但也不是经常出现。

导致原因：由于单独开辟了线程去初始化启动相机，导致相机的初始化和开启工作已完成，而找不到画布控件。若出现此情况，可调试或者将线程睡眠500毫秒。

2、按下home键后，再次进入时，为毛黑屏了，如何破？

导致原因：在onCreate中find了SurfaceView，按下Home后程序再次进入时，找不到预览的画布了，可将find的工作放入onResume中，再就是别忘了在onPause中做如下操作：

[java] view
plain copy

print ?

@Override
protected void onPause() {
if (camera != null) {
camera.stopPreview();
preview.setCamera(null);
camera.release();
camera = null;
preview.setNull();
}
super.onPause();
}

本项目源码（Eclipse版）：http://download.csdn.net/download/gao_chun/9084853

注：测试机-------> 小米2A、红米、华为P8、华为荣耀3C，魅蓝note2

附：有些小伙伴经常问手机Gif动画如何制作的，在此也分享下：

动画制作小软件GifMaker：http://download.csdn.net/detail/gao_chun/9077023

注：这代码有些问题，我会在后面贴上最新的优化代码，欢迎继续支持

时间： 2024-09-11 01:34:21

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