http://lishuaishuai.iteye.com/blog/1806667
在Android开发中我们经常有这样的需求,从服务器上下载xml或者JSON类型的数据,其中包括一些图片资源,本demo模拟了这个需求,从网络上加载XML资源,其中包括图片,我们要做的解析XML里面的数据,并且把图片缓存到本地一个cache目录里面,并且用一个自定义的Adapter去填充到LIstView,demo运行效果见下图:
通过这个demo,要学会有一下几点
1.怎么解析一个XML
2.demo中用到的缓存图片到本地一个临时目录的思想是怎样的?
3.AsyncTask类的使用,因为要去异步的加载数据,就必须开启线程,但是在开启线程的时有时候不能很好的控制线程的数量,线程数量太大的时候手机会很快被卡死 这里就采用AsynsTask类的去解决这个问题,这个类里面封装了线程池的技术,从而保证不会因开启过多的线程而消耗太多的资源
4.本demo中的Handler类的使用情况 5.自定义adapter的使用
下面是demo中的Activity。
- public class MainActivity extends Activity {
- protected static final int SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT = 0;
- private ListView mListView;
- private MyContactAdapter mAdapter;
- private File cache;
- private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
- public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
- if(msg.what == SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT){
- List<Contact> contacts = (List<Contact>) msg.obj;
- mAdapter = new MyContactAdapter(getApplicationContext(),contacts,cache);
- mListView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
- }
- };
- };
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listview);
- //创建缓存目录,系统一运行就得创建缓存目录的,
- cache = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "cache");
- if(!cache.exists()){
- cache.mkdirs();
- }
- //获取数据,主UI线程是不能做耗时操作的,所以启动子线程来做
- new Thread(){
- public void run() {
- ContactService service = new ContactService();
- List<Contact> contacts = null;
- try {
- contacts = service.getContactAll();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- //子线程通过Message对象封装信息,并且用初始化好的,
- //Handler对象的sendMessage()方法把数据发送到主线程中,从而达到更新UI主线程的目的
- Message msg = new Message();
- msg.what = SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT;
- msg.obj = contacts;
- mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
- };
- }.start();
- }
- @Override
- protected void onDestroy() {
- super.onDestroy();
- //清空缓存
- File[] files = cache.listFiles();
- for(File file :files){
- file.delete();
- }
- cache.delete();
- }
- }
Activity中,注意以下几点,
1.初始化了一个缓存目录,这个目录最好是应用开启就去创建好,为手续缓存图片做准备,在这里把数据存放在SDCard上
2.要去服务器加载数据,这个耗时操作最好是去开启线程加载数据,加载完毕后去异步的更新UI线程,利用Handler机制能很好的解决这个问题,
3.最后退出应用的时候,要删掉缓存目录和目录里面的数据,避免给手机制造很多的垃圾文件
下面就是一个Service类了,
- public class ContactService {
- /*
- * 从服务器上获取数据
- */
- public List<Contact> getContactAll() throws Exception {
- List<Contact> contacts = null;
- String Parth = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/list.xml";
- URL url = new URL(Parth);
- HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
- conn.setConnectTimeout(3000);
- conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
- if (conn.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
- InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
- // 这里获取数据直接放在XmlPullParser里面解析
- contacts = xmlParser(is);
- return contacts;
- } else {
- return null;
- }
- }
- // 这里并没有下载图片下来,而是把图片的地址保存下来了
- private List<Contact> xmlParser(InputStream is) throws Exception {
- List<Contact> contacts = null;
- Contact contact = null;
- XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser();
- parser.setInput(is, "UTF-8");
- int eventType = parser.getEventType();
- while ((eventType = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
- switch (eventType) {
- case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
- if (parser.getName().equals("contacts")) {
- contacts = new ArrayList<Contact>();
- } else if (parser.getName().equals("contact")) {
- contact = new Contact();
- contact.setId(Integer.valueOf(parser.getAttributeValue(0)));
- } else if (parser.getName().equals("name")) {
- contact.setName(parser.nextText());
- } else if (parser.getName().equals("image")) {
- contact.setImage(parser.getAttributeValue(0));
- }
- break;
- case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:
- if (parser.getName().equals("contact")) {
- contacts.add(contact);
- }
- break;
- }
- }
- return contacts;
- }
- /*
- * 从网络上获取图片,如果图片在本地存在的话就直接拿,如果不存在再去服务器上下载图片
- * 这里的path是图片的地址
- */
- public Uri getImageURI(String path, File cache) throws Exception {
- String name = MD5.getMD5(path) + path.substring(path.lastIndexOf("."));
- File file = new File(cache, name);
- // 如果图片存在本地缓存目录,则不去服务器下载
- if (file.exists()) {
- return Uri.fromFile(file);//Uri.fromFile(path)这个方法能得到文件的URI
- } else {
- // 从网络上获取图片
- URL url = new URL(path);
- HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
- conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
- conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
- conn.setDoInput(true);
- if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200) {
- InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
- FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
- byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
- int len = 0;
- while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
- fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
- }
- is.close();
- fos.close();
- // 返回一个URI对象
- return Uri.fromFile(file);
- }
- }
- return null;
- }
- }
Serivce类中,注意以下几点
1.HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();获取一个链接,从而进行通讯2.怎么利用XxmlPullPaser类去解析XML,从而把数据封装成对象
3.getImageURI(String path, File cache) 这个方法具体实现
4.Uri.fromFile(file);这个方法能够直接返回一个Uri来
下面是自定义的Adapter类,
- public class MyContactAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
- protected static final int SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE = 0;
- private Context context;
- private List<Contact> contacts;
- private File cache;
- private LayoutInflater mInflater;
- // 自己定义的构造函数
- public MyContactAdapter(Context context, List<Contact> contacts, File cache) {
- this.context = context;
- this.contacts = contacts;
- this.cache = cache;
- mInflater = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
- }
- @Override
- public int getCount() {
- return contacts.size();
- }
- @Override
- public Object getItem(int position) {
- return contacts.get(position);
- }
- @Override
- public long getItemId(int position) {
- return position;
- }
- @Override
- public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
- // 1获取item,再得到控件
- // 2 获取数据
- // 3绑定数据到item
- View view = null;
- if (convertView != null) {
- view = convertView;
- } else {
- view = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item, null);
- }
- ImageView iv_header = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.iv_header);
- TextView tv_name = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_name);
- Contact contact = contacts.get(position);
- // 异步的加载图片 (线程池 + Handler ) ---> AsyncTask
- asyncloadImage(iv_header, contact.image);
- tv_name.setText(contact.name);
- return view;
- }
- private void asyncloadImage(ImageView iv_header, String path) {
- ContactService service = new ContactService();
- AsyncImageTask task = new AsyncImageTask(service, iv_header);
- task.execute(path);
- }
- private final class AsyncImageTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Uri> {
- private ContactService service;
- private ImageView iv_header;
- public AsyncImageTask(ContactService service, ImageView iv_header) {
- this.service = service;
- this.iv_header = iv_header;
- }
- // 后台运行的子线程子线程
- @Override
- protected Uri doInBackground(String... params) {
- try {
- return service.getImageURI(params[0], cache);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return null;
- }
- // 这个放在在ui线程中执行
- @Override
- protected void onPostExecute(Uri result) {
- super.onPostExecute(result);
- // 完成图片的绑定
- if (iv_header != null && result != null) {
- iv_header.setImageURI(result);
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * 采用普通方式异步的加载图片
- */
- /*private void asyncloadImage(final ImageView iv_header, final String path) {
- final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- super.handleMessage(msg);
- if (msg.what == SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE) {
- Uri uri = (Uri) msg.obj;
- if (iv_header != null && uri != null) {
- iv_header.setImageURI(uri);
- }
- }
- }
- };
- // 子线程,开启子线程去下载或者去缓存目录找图片,并且返回图片在缓存目录的地址
- Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- ContactService service = new ContactService();
- try {
- //这个URI是图片下载到本地后的缓存目录中的URI
- Uri uri = service.getImageURI(path, cache);
- Message msg = new Message();
- msg.what = SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE;
- msg.obj = uri;
- mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- };
- new Thread(runnable).start();
- }*/
- }
自定义Adapter中,我们要注意 AsyncImageTask这个类继承了AsyncTask类,AsyncTask是Android中常用来做异步任务的类,对线程池进行了封装,详细分析稍后再贴出一篇Blog。
下面是我们从服务器上获取并且解析的Xml文件
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <contacts>
- <contact id="1">
- <name>张飞</name>
- <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/mymyweb/images/1.gif"/>
- </contact>
- <contact id="2">
- <name>博文</name>
- <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/2.gif"/>
- </contact>
- <contact id="3">
- <name>张天佑</name>
- <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/3.gif"/>
- </contact>
- <contact id="4">
- <name>松德</name>
- <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/4.gif"/>
- </contact>
- <contact id="5">
- <name>赵薇</name>
- <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/5.gif"/>
- </contact>
- <contact id="6">
- <name>李静</name>
- <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/6.gif"/>
- </contact>
- <contact id="7">
- <name>李明</name>
- <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/7.gif"/>
- </contact>
- <contact id="8">
- <name>黎明</name>
- <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/8.gif"/>
- </contact>
- <contact id="9">
- <name>秦桧</name>
- <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/9.gif"/>
- </contact>
- <contact id="10">
- <name>朱德</name>
- <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/10.gif"/>
- </contact>
- <contact id="11">
- <name>冯巩</name>
- <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/11.gif"/>
- </contact>
- <contact id="12">
- <name>dylan</name>
- <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/12.gif"/>
- </contact>
- <contact id="13">
- <name>黄单</name>
- <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/13.gif"/>
- </contact>
- <contact id="14">
- <name>含蕊</name>
- <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/14.gif"/>
- </contact>
- <contact id="15">
- <name>欣琪</name>
- <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/15.jpg"/>
- </contact>
- <contact id="16">
- <name>李忠华</name>
- <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/16.jpg"/>
- </contact>
- <contact id="17">
- <name>方产员</name>
- <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/17.jpg"/>
- </contact>
- <contact id="18">
- <name>张光</name>
- <image src="http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/18.jpg"/>
- </contact>
- </contacts>
本demo中为了安全起见,还对下载下来的图片的文件名进行了MD5加密,下面是MD5加密的代码,
- public class MD5 {
- public static String getMD5(String content) {
- try {
- MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
- digest.update(content.getBytes());
- return getHashString(digest);
- } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return null;
- }
- private static String getHashString(MessageDigest digest) {
- StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
- for (byte b : digest.digest()) {
- builder.append(Integer.toHexString((b >> 4) & 0xf));
- builder.append(Integer.toHexString(b & 0xf));
- }
- return builder.toString();
- }
- }
以上省略了Contact.java这个domain类,通过这个demo,可以看出Android中会经常需要进行异步任务的处理,所以我们会常常用到自己手动开启线程,handler机制,或者AsyncTask类等手段来保证应用的性能。