搭建一个简单的DNS
为了更方便和清晰的了解DNS的作用，通过搭建一个简单的DNS服务来学习。
在搭建之前，先简单了解一下DNS的工作原理
- 客户端把访问的域名传递给DNS服务器a，如果有记录，则将IP传递给客户端
- DNS服务器a没有记录，则以 递归方式 访问其他服务器。首先访问根域
- 根域将匹配的一级域名DNS服务器b地址传递给DNS服务器a
- DNS服务器a再去访问DNS服务器b，DNS服务器b再将匹配的二级域名DNS服务器c传递给DNS服务器a
- DNS服务器a再去访问DNS服务器c，重复以上3，4步骤
- DNS服务器a得到客户端要访问域名的ip地址，传递给客户端，并留下记录，方便以后访问。
简单模拟一个DNS工作
1.准备两台终端，客户端，服务器。
这里我以Centos6.9为客户端，Centos7.3位服务器。
2.在服务端安装bind(提供DNS服务的软件)
- [root@centos7 named]# yum -y install bind
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
- Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
- * base: mirrors.163.com
- * extras: mirrors.163.com
- * updates: mirrors.btte.net
- Resolving Dependencies
- --> Running transaction check
- ---> Package bind.x86_64 32:9.9.4-50.el7_3.1 will be installed
- --> Finished Dependency Resolution
- Dependencies Resolved
- ==================================================================================================
- Package Arch Version Repository Size
- ==================================================================================================
- Installing:
- bind x86_64 32:9.9.4-50.el7_3.1 updates 1.8 M
- Transaction Summary
- ==================================================================================================
- Install 1 Package
- Total download size: 1.8 M
- Installed size: 4.3 M
- Downloading packages:
- bind-9.9.4-50.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm | 1.8 MB 00:00:01
- Running transaction check
- Running transaction test
- Transaction test succeeded
- Running transaction
- Installing : 32:bind-9.9.4-50.el7_3.1.x86_64 1/1
- Verifying : 32:bind-9.9.4-50.el7_3.1.x86_64 1/1
- Installed:
- bind.x86_64 32:9.9.4-50.el7_3.1
- Complete!`
3.关闭linux安全策略和防火墙
1）.服务器–Centos7
- sed -i ‘s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=permissive/g’ /etc/selinux/config
- iptables -F
- systemctl disable firewalld
- systemctl stop firewalld
2）.客户端–Centos6
- sed -i ‘s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=permissive/g’ /etc/selinux/config
- chkconfig iptables off
- service iptables stop
检查selinux安全策略是否修改为”允许”
cat /etc/selinux/config
4.启动DNS服务器
- systemctl start named
- systemctl enable named
启动后确认端口开启(端口号默认为 53)
- ss -nutl
把服务器53端口绑定在所有服务器ip上
- cd -p /etc/named.conf{,.bak}
(需要修改陪指文件，建议先备份 )
- vim /etc/named.conf
修改listen-on port 53 {localhost; }中的localhost
改为any或0.0.0.0或将整行注释
- vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
在最后一行加上DNS1=127.0.0.1
重启服务(配置文件生效)
- systemctl restart network
在客户端(Centos6)配置DNS，指向服务器DNS(Centos7)
- vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
最后加上DNS1=172.16.0.24(DNS)
- systemctl restart network
在服务器(Centos7)配置DNS，允许本地以外的地址访问
- vim /etc/named.conf
修改allow-query { localhost;any; };
改为any或0.0.0.0或将整行注释
在客户端(Centos6)尝试连接外网
- [root@centos6 ~]# dig www.baidu.com
- ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.62.rc1.el6_9.2 <<>> www.baidu.com
- ;; global options: +cmd
- ;; Got answer:
- ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 59143
- ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 5, ADDITIONAL: 5
- ;; QUESTION SECTION:
- ;www.baidu.com. IN A
- ;; ANSWER SECTION:
- www.baidu.com. 347 IN CNAME www.a.shifen.com.
- www.a.shifen.com. 43 IN A 61.135.169.121
- www.a.shifen.com. 43 IN A 61.135.169.125
- ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
- a.shifen.com. 254 IN NS ns1.a.shifen.com.
- a.shifen.com. 254 IN NS ns3.a.shifen.com.
- a.shifen.com. 254 IN NS ns5.a.shifen.com.
- a.shifen.com. 254 IN NS ns2.a.shifen.com.
- a.shifen.com. 254 IN NS ns4.a.shifen.com.
- ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
- ns1.a.shifen.com. 254 IN A 61.135.165.224
- ns2.a.shifen.com. 254 IN A 180.149.133.241
- ns3.a.shifen.com. 254 IN A 61.135.162.215
- ns4.a.shifen.com. 254 IN A 115.239.210.176
- ns5.a.shifen.com. 254 IN A 119.75.222.17
- ;; Query time: 1 msec
- ;; SERVER: 172.16.0.1#53(172.16.0.1)
- ;; WHEN: Mon Jul 24 14:16:16 2017
- ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 260
本文作者：佚名
来源：51CTO
时间： 2024-10-30 06:01:43