1. 说明
在《keepalived实现Tomcat服务双机热备》中主要讲述如何安装及配置Keepalived来实现双机热备,主要功能是:MASTER和BACKUP两台服务器处于热备状态,对用户虚拟一个IP,屏蔽底层的真实IP地址,用户通过虚拟IP访问当前的MASTER服务器;当MASTER服务器宕机或者发生其他故障时,BACKUP自动切换为MASTER,这个过程对用户时透明的。
本文主要讲述如何安装ipvsadm、如何配置LVS+Keepalived实现负载均衡和双机热备的功能。功能描述:用户通过虚拟IP访问时,应当会负载均衡到主备服务器上;当然,当MASTER服务器宕机或者发生其他故障时,BACKUP也会自动切换为MASTER。
2. 安装及配置
2.1 安装ipvsadm
首先安装ipvsadm,本人用的版本是ipvsadm-1.24-6。可以去相关网站进行下载ipvsadm-1.24-6.src.rpm。
下面安装ipvsadm:(将ipvsadm-1.24-6.src.rpm放在根目录下)
[~] rpm -ivh ipvsadm-1.24-6.src.rpm [~] cd /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES [SOURCES] tar -zxvf ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gz [SOURCES] uname -r 2.6.18-238.el5 [SOURCES] ln -s/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18.238.el5-X86_64/ /usr/src/linux [SOURCES] cd ipvsadm-1.24 [ipvsadm-1.24] make; make install
2.2 配置keepalived.conf
接着配置keepalived.conf:(具体安装请参考《keepalived实现Tomcat服务双机热备》)
MASTER(10.10.195.53)配置:
global_defs { router_id LVS_DEVEL_1 } vrrp_script chk_http_port { script "/opt/tomcat.pid" interval 5 weight 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 53 priority 150 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } track_script { chk_http_port } virtual_ipaddress { 10.10.195.212 #VIP } } virtual_server 10.10.195.212 8080 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo wrr lb_kind DR protocol TCP real_server 10.10.195.53 8080 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 8080 } } real_server 10.10.195.190 8080 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 8080 } } }
BACKUP(10.10.195.190)配置:
lobal_defs { router_id LVS_DEVEL_2 } vrrp_script chk_http_port { script "/opt/tomcat.pid" interval 5 weight 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 53 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } track_script { chk_http_port } virtual_ipaddress { 10.10.195.212 } } virtual_server 10.10.195.212 8080 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo wrr lb_kind DR protocol TCP real_server 10.10.195.53 8080 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 8080 } } real_server 10.10.195.190 8080 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 8080 } } }
2.3 LVS脚本配置
两台WEB服务器安装http服务(tomcat)后,创建文件并赋予权限,配置lvs脚本,脚本作用是一直ARP广播,将请求包都由负载均衡lvs服务分配。
主备机的LVS脚本是相同的。虚拟IP(VIP)是10.10.195.212。下面是脚本的代码:
[~] vim /sbin/realdr.sh
#!/bin/bash VIP=10.10.195.211 /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions case "$1" in start) echo "start LVS of REALServer" /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $VIP broadcast $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 up # /sbin/route add -host $VIP dev 1o:0 echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce ;; stop) echo "close LVS REALServer" /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down # /sbin/route del -host $VIP dev lo:0 echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce ;; status) islothere=`/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 | grep $VIP | wc -l` isrothere=`netstat -rn | grep "lo:0" | grep $VIP | wc -l` # echo $islothere # echo $isrothere if [ $islothere -eq 0 ] then if [ $isrothere -eq 0 ] then echo "LVS of REALServer Stoped." else echo "LVS of REALServer Running." fi else echo "LVS of REALServer Running." fi ;; *) echo "Usage:$0{start|stop}" exit 1 ;; esac
设置LVS脚本权限并运行:
[~] chmod 755 /sbin/realdr.sh [~] /sbin/realdr.sh start
3. 查看
3.1查看虚拟ip相关信息
之后安装并启动keepalived:service keepalived start.
可以通过使用ip addshow命令查看(以MASTER为例):
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu16436 qdisc noqueue link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet 10.10.195.211/32 brd 10.10.195.211 scope global lo:0 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:6b:f2:a8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.10.195.53/24 brd 10.10.195.255 scope global eth0 inet 10.10.195.211/32 scope global eth0
可以看到lo及eth0上都有虚拟IP地址。
3.2 查看负载均衡状态
在终端输入命令:ipvsadm可以查看。
MASTER(10.10.195.53):
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn TCP 10.10.195.212:webcache wrr -> 10.10.195.190:webcache Route 1 0 11 -> shr:webcache Local 1 0 0
BACKUP(10.10.195.190):
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn TCP 10.10.195.211:webcache wrr -> server1:webcache Local 1 0 0 -> 10.10.195.53:webcache Route 1 0 11
4. 测试
如果多次打开浏览器,通过虚拟IP访问网站,应当会负载均衡到两台服务器上。第一次打开一个浏览器并输入http://10.10.195.212:8080/,显示10.10.195.53(190)服务的内容;第二次打开一个浏览器并输入http://10.10.195.212:8080/,显示10.10.195.190(53)服务器的内容。