2.2. 配置 Tomcat 服务器

2.2.1. server.xml

2.2.1.1. Connector

tomcat 端口默认为8080, 可以通过修改下面port项改为80端口，但不建议你这样使用80端口,tomcat 会继承root权限，这是非常危险的做法。

    <Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />

性能调整

    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443"
               maxThreads="2048" />

	<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
				maxThreads="2048"
				minSpareThreads="64"
				maxSpareThreads="256"
				acceptCount="128"
				enableLookups="false"
				redirectPort="8443"
				debug="0"
				connectionTimeout="20000"
				disableUploadTimeout="true"
				URIEncoding="UTF-8" />

maxThreads="4096"		最大连接数
minSpareThreads="50"	最小空闲线程
maxSpareThreads="100"	最大空闲线程
enableLookups="false"	禁止域名解析
acceptCount="15000"
connectionTimeout="30000"	超时时间
redirectPort="8443"
disableUploadTimeout="true"
URIEncoding="UTF-8"		UTF-8编码
protocol="AJP/1.3"		AJP协议版本

2.2.1.1.1. HTTPS

   <Connector port="443" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192"
               maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75"
               enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true"
               acceptCount="100" scheme="https" secure="true"
               SSLEngine="on"
               SSLCertificateFile="${catalina.base}/conf/localhost.crt"
               SSLCertificateKeyFile="${catalina.base}/conf/localhost.key" />

2.2.1.1.2. compression

压缩传送数据

compression="on"
compressionMinSize="2048"
noCompressionUserAgents="gozilla, traviata"
compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml,text/plain,text/javascript,text/css"

2.2.1.1.3. useBodyEncodingForURI

如果你的站点编码非UTF-8,去掉URIEncoding="UTF-8"使用下面选项.

useBodyEncodingForURI="true"

2.2.1.1.4. 隐藏Tomcat版本信息

在Connector中加入server="Neo App Srv 1.0"

vim $CATALINA_HOME/conf/server.xml

    <Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443"
				maxThreads="8192"
				minSpareThreads="64"
				maxSpareThreads="128"
				acceptCount="128"
				enableLookups="false"
                server="Neo App Srv 1.0"/>

# curl -I http://localhost:8080/
HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Thu, 20 Oct 2011 09:51:55 GMT
Connection: close
Server: Neo App Srv 1.0
				

2.2.1.2. Context

配置虚拟目录

例如我们需要这样的配置

http://www.netkiller.cn/news
http://www.netkiller.cn/member
http://www.netkiller.cn/product
			

实现方法

<Host name="localhost"  appBase="/www/example.com" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
	<Alias>www.example.com</Alias>

	<Context path="news" docBase="www.example.com/news" reloadable="false"></Context>
	<Context path="member" docBase="www.example.com/member" reloadable="false"></Context>
	<Context path="product" docBase="www.example.com/product" reloadable="false"></Context>

</Host>						

2.2.1.2.1. 应用程序安全

关闭war自动部署 unpackWARs="false" autoDeploy="false"。防止被植入木马等恶意程序

关闭 reloadable="false" 也用于防止被植入木马

2.2.1.2.2. JSESSIONID

修改 Cookie 变量 JSESSIONID， 这个cookie 是用于维持Session关系。建议你改为PHPSESSID。

<Context path="" docBase="path/to/your" reloadable="false" sessionCookieDomain=".example.com" sessionCookiePath="/" sessionCookieName="PHPSESSID" />				

2.2.2. tomcat-users.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<tomcat-users>

<role rolename="manager"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="QI0Ajp7" roles="manager"/>

</tomcat-users>

状态监控 http://localhost/manager/status

服务管理 http://localhost/manager/html/list

<tomcat-users>
<!--
  NOTE:  By default, no user is included in the "manager-gui" role required
  to operate the "/manager/html" web application.  If you wish to use this app,
  you must define such a user - the username and password are arbitrary.
-->
<!--
  NOTE:  The sample user and role entries below are wrapped in a comment
  and thus are ignored when reading this file. Do not forget to remove
  <!.. ..> that surrounds them.
-->
<!--
  <role rolename="tomcat"/>
  <role rolename="role1"/>
  <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat"/>
  <user username="both" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat,role1"/>
  <user username="role1" password="tomcat" roles="role1"/>
-->
  <role rolename="manager-gui"/>
  <role rolename="manager-script"/>
  <role rolename="manager-jmx"/>
  <role rolename="manager-status"/>

  <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui,manager-script,manager-jmx,manager-status"/>
  <role rolename="admin-gui"/>
  <role rolename="admin-script"/>
  <user username="admin" password="admin" roles="admin-gui,admin-script"/>

</tomcat-users>

2.2.3. context.xml

context.xml 主要用于配置 数据库连接池

开启热部署，生产环境不建议使用

<Context reloadable="true">

2.2.3.1. Resources

org.apache.catalina.webresources.Cache.getResource Unable to add the resource at [/WEB-INF/lib/netkiller.jar] to the cache because there was insufficient free space available after evicting expired cache entries - consider increasing the maximum size of the cache

<Resources cachingAllowed="true" cacheMaxSize="100000" />

2.2.3.2. session cookie

<Context sessionCookieName="PHPSESSID" sessionCookieDomain=".example.com" sessionCookiePath="/">
	<!-- ... -->
</Context>			

2.2.4. logging.properties

修改日志目录

1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.level = FINE
#1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.directory = /www/logs/tomcat
1catalina.org.apache.juli.FileHandler.prefix = catalina.
		

2.2.5. catalina.properties

配置跳过扫描*.jar

tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanFilter.jarsToSkip=\*.jar
		

context.xml

<JarScanner scanClassPath="false"/>		

原文出处：Netkiller 系列 手札
本文作者：陈景峯
转载请与作者联系，同时请务必标明文章原始出处和作者信息及本声明。