mysqldump备份
备份所有库
[root@miles ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pbeijing --socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock --all-databases>/home/mysql/backup/all_db.sql
查看备份
[root@miles backup]# pwd
/home/mysql/backup
[root@miles backup]# ls -lth
total 920M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 277M Nov 23 11:26 all_db.sql备份db1数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1
...
[root@miles ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pbeijing --socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock --databases db1>/home/mysql/backup/db1_db.sql备份单个表
[root@miles ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pbeijing --socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock db1 test>/home/mysql/backup/db1_test.sql一致性备份
如果不是使用一致性备份的话，mysql会锁表。如果使用会单独开启一个事务，不会锁表，锁库
[root@miles ~]# mysqldump --single-transaction -uroot -pbeijing --socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock --all-databases>/home/mysql/backup/all_db_trans.sql远程备份
[root@m1 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pbeijing -h192.168.137.20 -P3306 --all-databases > ./backup/remote_backupall.sql
-- Warning: Skipping the data of table mysql.event. Specify the --events option explicitly.
mysqldump: Got error: 1142: SELECT,LOCK TABL command denied to user 'root'@'192.168.137.10' for table 'cond_instances' when using LOCK TABLES
报错，添加参数--skip-lock-tables或--single-transaction即可
[root@m1 backup]# mysqldump -uroot -pbeijing -h192.168.137.20 -P3306 --skip-lock-tables --all-databases > /root/backup/remote_backupall_skip.sql
或
[root@m1 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pbeijing -h192.168.137.20 -P3306 --single-transaction --all-databases > ./backup/remote_backupall.sql 导出数据为csv格式
[root@miles ~]# mysqldump --single-transaction -uroot -pbeijing --socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock db1 test -T /tmp
查看导出数据，默认以制表符分隔
[root@miles tmp]# more test.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test`;
CREATE TABLE `test` (
`id` int(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
[root@miles tmp]# more test.txt
1 zhangsan1
2 zhangsan2
3 zhangsan3
[root@miles ~]# mysqldump --single-transaction -uroot -pbeijing --socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock --fields-terminated-by=, db1 test -T /tmp
查看导出数据，参数--fields-terminated-by指定分隔符为","
[root@miles tmp]# more test.txt
1,zhangsan1
2,zhangsan2
3,zhangsan3xtrabackup备份
全量备份
[root@miles ~]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=beijing --socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock /home/mysql/backup
...
151119 11:52:35 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
151119 11:52:35 All tables unlocked
151119 11:52:35 Backup created in directory '/home/mysql/backup/2015-11-19_11-52-27'
151119 11:52:35 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf
151119 11:52:35 [00] ...done
151119 11:52:35 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
151119 11:52:35 [00] ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (832649524) to (832649524) was copied.
151119 11:52:35 completed OK!
查看备份信息
[root@miles 2015-11-20_11-34-42]# pwd
/home/mysql/backup/2015-11-20_11-34-42
[root@miles 2015-11-20_11-34-42]# du -sh *
4.0K backup-my.cnf
73M db1
18M ibdata1
4.0K log
1.1M mysql
212K performance_schema
116K test
4.0K xtrabackup_checkpoints
4.0K xtrabackup_info
4.0K xtrabackup_logfile增量备份
首先新增一些数据
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table t(id int(10),name varchar(30));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into t values(1,'zhangsan');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t values(2,'zhangsan2');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into t values(3,'zhangsan3');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t values(4,'zhangsan4');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into t values(5,'zhangsan5');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
开始增量备份
--incremental 表明当前备份为增量备份
--incremental-dir 指定上次备份的路径
[root@miles 2015-11-19_11-52-27]#innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=beijing --incremental /home/mysql/backup --incremental-basedir=/home/mysql/backup/2015-11-20_11-34-42
...
151120 11:57:28 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
151120 11:57:28 All tables unlocked
151120 11:57:28 Backup created in directory '/home/mysql/backup/2015-11-20_11-57-24'
151120 11:57:28 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf
151120 11:57:28 [00] ...done
151120 11:57:28 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
151120 11:57:28 [00] ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (71789633) to (71789633) was copied.
151120 11:57:28 completed OK!
查看备份信息，可见增量备份
[root@miles backup]# du -sh *
92M 2015-11-20_11-34-42
2.0M 2015-11-20_11-57-24流式备份
[root@miles mysql]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=beijing --stream=xbstream /home/mysql/backup/ > /home/mysql/backup/stream.bak
查看备份信息
[root@miles backup]# ls -lh
...
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 92M Nov 20 14:26 stream.bak并行备份
[root@miles mysql]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=beijing --parallel=4 /home/mysql/backup/
...
151120 15:44:20 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
151120 15:44:20 All tables unlocked
151120 15:44:20 Backup created in directory '/home/mysql/backup//2015-11-20_15-44-18'
151120 15:44:20 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf
151120 15:44:20 [00] ...done
151120 15:44:20 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
151120 15:44:20 [00] ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (71789633) to (71789633) was copied.限速备份
–throttle=10 表示10M/s的限速
[root@miles tpcc]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=beijing --throttle=10 /home/mysql/backup/
通过iosstat命令查看io状态
[root@miles backup]# iostat -dmx 1压缩备份
[root@miles tpcc]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=beijing --compress --compress-threads 4 /home/mysql/backup/
效果对比
[root@miles backup]# du -sh *
448M 2015-11-20_16-25-42
278M 2015-11-20_17-14-10mysqlbinlog
[mysql@miles mysql]$ mysqlbinlog -vv binlog.000002
...
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 174
#151124 17:11:48 server id 1 end_log_pos 274 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0
use `db1`/*!*/;
SET TIMESTAMP=1448356308/*!*/;
insert into test values(4,'zhangsan4')
/*!*/;
# at 274
#151124 17:11:48 server id 1 end_log_pos 301 Xid = 11
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 301
#151124 17:11:58 server id 1 end_log_pos 368 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1448356318/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 368
#151124 17:11:58 server id 1 end_log_pos 468 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1448356318/*!*/;
insert into test values(5,'zhangsan5')
/*!*/;
# at 468
#151124 17:11:58 server id 1 end_log_pos 495 Xid = 12
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 495
#151124 17:12:10 server id 1 end_log_pos 562 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1448356330/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 562
#151124 17:12:10 server id 1 end_log_pos 651 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1448356330/*!*/;
delete from test where id=7
/*!*/;
# at 651
#151124 17:12:10 server id 1 end_log_pos 678 Xid = 13
COMMIT/*!*/;
...binlog恢复实验
查看当前binlog状态
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| binlog.000003 | 868 | | |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
插入并提交实验数据
mysql> select * from test;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into test values (1,'M1'),(2,'M2'),(3,'M3'),(4,'M4'),(5,'M5'),(6,'M6'),(7,'M7'),(8,'M8'),(9,'M9'),(10,'M10');
Query OK, 10 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 10 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from test;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | M1 |
| 2 | M2 |
| 3 | M3 |
| 4 | M4 |
| 5 | M5 |
| 6 | M6 |
| 7 | M7 |
| 8 | M8 |
| 9 | M9 |
| 10 | M10 |
+------+------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| binlog.000003 | 1139 | | |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
删除实验数据
mysql> delete from test;
Query OK, 10 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
恢复删除数据
[root@miles ~]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=868 --stop-position=1139 /data/mysql/binlog.000003 | mysql -uroot -pbeijing
mysql> select * from test;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | M1 |
| 2 | M2 |
| 3 | M3 |
| 4 | M4 |
| 5 | M5 |
| 6 | M6 |
| 7 | M7 |
| 8 | M8 |
| 9 | M9 |
| 10 | M10 |
+------+------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)时间： 2024-10-18 13:38:05