Path :
在Android中复杂的图形的绘制绝大多数是通过path来实现,比如绘制一条曲线,然后让一个物体随着这个曲线运动,比如搜索按钮,比如一个简单时钟的实现:
那么什么是path呢!
定义:path 就是路径,就是图形的路径的集合,它里边包含了路径里边的坐标点,等等的属性。我们可以获取到任意点的坐标,正切值。
那么要获取Path上边所有点的坐标还需要用到一个类,PathMeasure;
PathMesure:
PathMeasure是一个用来测量Path的类,主要有以下方法:
构造方法
方法名 | 释义 |
---|---|
PathMeasure() | 创建一个空的PathMeasure |
PathMeasure(Path path, boolean forceClosed) | 创建 PathMeasure 并关联一个指定的Path(Path需要已经创建完成)。 |
公共方法
返回值 | 方法名 | 释义 |
---|---|---|
void | setPath(Path path, boolean forceClosed) | 关联一个Path |
boolean | isClosed() | 是否闭合 |
float | getLength() | 获取Path的长度 |
boolean | nextContour() | 跳转到下一个轮廓 |
boolean | getSegment(float startD, float stopD, Path dst, boolean startWithMoveTo) | 截取片段 |
boolean | getPosTan(float distance, float[] pos, float[] tan) | 获取指定长度的位置坐标及该点切线值 |
boolean | getMatrix(float distance, Matrix matrix, int flags) | 获取指定长度的位置坐标及该点Matrix |
可以看到,这个就等于是一个Path的一个工具类,方法很简单,那么就开始我们所要做的按钮跟时钟的开发吧
(1)搜索按钮:
首先上图:
要实现这个功能首先要把他分解开来做;
创建搜索按钮的path路径,然后创建外圈旋转的path,
- public void initPath(){
- mPath_search = new Path();
- mPath_circle = new Path();
- mMeasure = new PathMeasure();
- // 注意,不要到360度,否则内部会自动优化,测量不能取到需要的数值
- RectF oval1 = new RectF(-50, -50, 50, 50); // 放大镜圆环
- mPath_search.addArc(oval1, 45, 359.9f);
- RectF oval2 = new RectF(-100, -100, 100, 100); // 外部圆环
- mPath_circle.addArc(oval2, 45, -359.9f);
- float[] pos = new float[2];
- mMeasure.setPath(mPath_circle, false); // 放大镜把手的位置
- mMeasure.getPosTan(0, pos, null);
- mPath_search.lineTo(pos[0], pos[1]); // 放大镜把手
- Log.i("TAG", "pos=" + pos[0] + ":" + pos[1]);
- }
我们要的效果就是点击搜索按钮的时候开始从按钮变为旋转,然后搜索结束以后变为搜索按钮。
所以我们可以确定有四种状态:
[java] view plain copy
- public enum Seach_State{
- START,END,NONE,SEARCHING
- }
然后根据状态来进行动态绘制path,动态绘制path就要使用到PathMeasure测量当前path的坐标,然后进行绘制。
[java] view plain copy
- private void drawPath(Canvas c) {
- c.translate(mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2);
- switch (mState){
- case NONE:
- c.drawPath(mPath_search,mPaint);
- break;
- case START:
- mMeasure.setPath(mPath_search,true);
- Path path = new Path();
- mMeasure.getSegment(mMeasure.getLength() * curretnAnimationValue,mMeasure.getLength(),path, true);
- c.drawPath(path,mPaint);
- break;
- case SEARCHING:
- mMeasure.setPath(mPath_circle,true);
- Path path_search = new Path();
- mMeasure.getSegment(mMeasure.getLength()*curretnAnimationValue -30,mMeasure.getLength()*curretnAnimationValue,path_search,true);
- c.drawPath(path_search,mPaint);
- break;
- case END:
- mMeasure.setPath(mPath_search,true);
- Path path_view = new Path();
- mMeasure.getSegment(0,mMeasure.getLength()*curretnAnimationValue,path_view,true);
- c.drawPath(path_view,mPaint);
- break;
- }
- }
然后就是需要通过使用属性动画来返回当前该绘制的百分百,通过这个值来进行计算要绘制的path。
下边是整个代码:
[java] view plain copy
- package com.duoku.platform.demo.canvaslibrary.attract.view;
- import android.animation.Animator;
- import android.animation.ValueAnimator;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.graphics.Canvas;
- import android.graphics.Color;
- import android.graphics.Paint;
- import android.graphics.Path;
- import android.graphics.PathMeasure;
- import android.graphics.RectF;
- import android.util.AttributeSet;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.view.View;
- /**
- * Created by chenpengfei_d on 2016/9/7.
- */
- public class SearchView extends View {
- private Paint mPaint;
- private Context mContext;
- private Path mPath_circle;
- private Path mPath_search;
- private PathMeasure mMeasure;
- private ValueAnimator mValueAnimator_search;
- private long defaultduration=3000;
- private float curretnAnimationValue;
- private Seach_State mState = Seach_State.SEARCHING;
- public SearchView(Context context) {
- super(context);
- init(context);
- }
- public SearchView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
- super(context, attrs);
- init(context);
- }
- public SearchView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
- super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
- init(context);
- }
- public void init(Context context){
- this.mContext = context;
- initPaint();
- initPath();
- initAnimation();
- }
- public void initPaint(){
- mPaint = new Paint();
- mPaint.setDither(true);
- mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.ROUND);//设置笔头效果
- mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
- mPaint.setColor(Color.RED);
- mPaint.setStrokeWidth(3);
- mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
- }
- public void initPath(){
- mPath_search = new Path();
- mPath_circle = new Path();
- mMeasure = new PathMeasure();
- // 注意,不要到360度,否则内部会自动优化,测量不能取到需要的数值
- RectF oval1 = new RectF(-50, -50, 50, 50); // 放大镜圆环
- mPath_search.addArc(oval1, 45, 359.9f);
- RectF oval2 = new RectF(-100, -100, 100, 100); // 外部圆环
- mPath_circle.addArc(oval2, 45, -359.9f);
- float[] pos = new float[2];
- mMeasure.setPath(mPath_circle, false); // 放大镜把手的位置
- mMeasure.getPosTan(0, pos, null);
- mPath_search.lineTo(pos[0], pos[1]); // 放大镜把手
- Log.i("TAG", "pos=" + pos[0] + ":" + pos[1]);
- }
- public void initAnimation(){
- mValueAnimator_search = ValueAnimator.ofFloat(0f,1.0f).setDuration(defaultduration);
- mValueAnimator_search.addUpdateListener(updateListener);
- mValueAnimator_search.addListener(animationListener);
- }
- private ValueAnimator.AnimatorUpdateListener updateListener = new ValueAnimator.AnimatorUpdateListener() {
- @Override
- public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) {
- curretnAnimationValue = (float) animation.getAnimatedValue();
- invalidate();
- }
- };
- private Animator.AnimatorListener animationListener = new Animator.AnimatorListener() {
- @Override
- public void onAnimationStart(Animator animation) {
- }
- @Override
- public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animation) {
- if(mState ==Seach_State.START){
- setState(Seach_State.SEARCHING);
- }
- }
- @Override
- public void onAnimationCancel(Animator animation) {
- }
- @Override
- public void onAnimationRepeat(Animator animation) {
- }
- };
- @Override
- protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
- super.onDraw(canvas);
- drawPath(canvas);
- }
- private int mWidth,mHeight;
- @Override
- protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
- super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);
- mWidth = w;
- mHeight = h;
- }
- private void drawPath(Canvas c) {
- c.translate(mWidth / 2, mHeight / 2);
- switch (mState){
- case NONE:
- c.drawPath(mPath_search,mPaint);
- break;
- case START:
- mMeasure.setPath(mPath_search,true);
- Path path = new Path();
- mMeasure.getSegment(mMeasure.getLength() * curretnAnimationValue,mMeasure.getLength(),path, true);
- c.drawPath(path,mPaint);
- break;
- case SEARCHING:
- mMeasure.setPath(mPath_circle,true);
- Path path_search = new Path();
- mMeasure.getSegment(mMeasure.getLength()*curretnAnimationValue -30,mMeasure.getLength()*curretnAnimationValue,path_search,true);
- c.drawPath(path_search,mPaint);
- break;
- case END:
- mMeasure.setPath(mPath_search,true);
- Path path_view = new Path();
- mMeasure.getSegment(0,mMeasure.getLength()*curretnAnimationValue,path_view,true);
- c.drawPath(path_view,mPaint);
- break;
- }
- }
- public void setState(Seach_State state){
- this.mState = state;
- startSearch();
- }
- public void startSearch(){
- switch (mState){
- case START:
- mValueAnimator_search.setRepeatCount(0);
- break;
- case SEARCHING:
- mValueAnimator_search.setRepeatCount(ValueAnimator.INFINITE);
- mValueAnimator_search.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.REVERSE);
- break;
- case END:
- mValueAnimator_search.setRepeatCount(0);
- break;
- }
- mValueAnimator_search.start();
- }
- public enum Seach_State{
- START,END,NONE,SEARCHING
- }
- }
(学习的点:path可以组合,可以把不同的path放置到一个path里边,然后进行统一的绘制)
(2)时钟:
效果:
说一下时钟的思路啊,网上很多时钟都是通过Canvas绘制基本图形实现的,没有通过path来实现的,使用path实现是为了以后更加灵活的控制时钟的绘制效果,比如我们要让最外边的圆圈逆时针旋转,还比如在上边添加些小星星啥的,用path的话会更加灵活。
时钟的实现分部分:
1、创建外圈path路径
2、创建刻度path路径,要区分整点,绘制时间点
3、绘制指针,(这个使用的是canvas绘制的线段,也可以使用Path,可以自己测试)
需要计算当前时针,分针,秒针的角度,然后进行绘制
整体代码:
[java] view plain copy
- package com.duoku.platform.demo.canvaslibrary.attract.view;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.graphics.Canvas;
- import android.graphics.Color;
- import android.graphics.Paint;
- import android.graphics.Path;
- import android.graphics.PathMeasure;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.util.AttributeSet;
- import android.view.View;
- import java.util.Calendar;
- /**
- * Created by chenpengfei_d on 2016/9/8.
- */
- public class TimeView extends View {
- private Paint mPaint,mPaint_time;
- private Paint mPaint_h,mPaint_m,mPaint_s;
- private Path mPath_Circle;
- private Path mPath_Circle_h;
- private Path mPath_Circle_m;
- private Path mPath_h,mPath_m,mPath_s;
- private Path mPath_duration;
- private PathMeasure mMeasure;
- private PathMeasure mMeasure_h;
- private PathMeasure mMeasure_m;
- private Handler mHandler = new Handler();
- private Runnable clockRunnable;
- private boolean isRunning;
- public TimeView(Context context) {
- super(context);
- init();
- }
- public TimeView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
- super(context, attrs);
- init();
- }
- public TimeView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
- super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
- init();
- }
- int t = 3;
- public void init(){
- //初始化画笔
- mPaint = new Paint();
- mPaint.setDither(true);
- mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
- mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
- mPaint.setStrokeWidth(2);
- mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.ROUND);
- mPaint.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.ROUND);
- mPaint.setColor(Color.RED);
- mPaint_time = new Paint();
- mPaint_time.setDither(true);
- mPaint_time.setAntiAlias(true);
- mPaint_time.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
- mPaint_time.setStrokeWidth(2);
- mPaint_time.setTextSize(15);
- mPaint_time.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.ROUND);
- mPaint_time.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.ROUND);
- mPaint_time.setColor(Color.RED);
- mPaint_h = new Paint();
- mPaint_h.setDither(true);
- mPaint_h.setAntiAlias(true);
- mPaint_h.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
- mPaint_h.setStrokeWidth(6);
- mPaint_h.setTextSize(15);
- mPaint_h.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.ROUND);
- mPaint_h.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.ROUND);
- mPaint_h.setColor(Color.RED);
- mPaint_m = new Paint();
- mPaint_m.setDither(true);
- mPaint_m.setAntiAlias(true);
- mPaint_m.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
- mPaint_m.setStrokeWidth(4);
- mPaint_m.setTextSize(15);
- mPaint_m.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.ROUND);
- mPaint_m.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.ROUND);
- mPaint_m.setColor(Color.RED);
- mPaint_s = new Paint();
- mPaint_s.setDither(true);
- mPaint_s.setAntiAlias(true);
- mPaint_s.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
- mPaint_s.setStrokeWidth(2);
- mPaint_s.setTextSize(15);
- mPaint_s.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.ROUND);
- mPaint_s.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.ROUND);
- mPaint_s.setColor(Color.RED);
- //初始化刻度
- mPath_Circle = new Path();
- mPath_Circle.addCircle(0,0,250, Path.Direction.CCW);
- mPath_Circle_h = new Path();
- mPath_Circle_h.addCircle(0,0,220, Path.Direction.CCW);
- mPath_Circle_m = new Path();
- mPath_Circle_m.addCircle(0,0,235, Path.Direction.CCW);
- //初始化PathMeasure测量path坐标,
- mMeasure = new PathMeasure();
- mMeasure.setPath(mPath_Circle,true);
- mMeasure_h = new PathMeasure();
- mMeasure_h.setPath(mPath_Circle_h,true);
- mMeasure_m = new PathMeasure();
- mMeasure_m.setPath(mPath_Circle_m,true);
- //获取刻度path
- mPath_duration = new Path();
- for (int i = 60; i>0 ;i --){
- Path path = new Path();
- float pos [] = new float[2];
- float tan [] = new float[2];
- float pos2 [] = new float[2];
- float tan2 [] = new float[2];
- float pos3 [] = new float[2];
- float tan3 [] = new float[2];
- mMeasure.getPosTan(mMeasure.getLength()*i/60,pos,tan);
- mMeasure_h.getPosTan(mMeasure_h.getLength()*i/60,pos2,tan2);
- mMeasure_m.getPosTan(mMeasure_m.getLength()*i/60,pos3,tan3);
- float x = pos[0];
- float y = pos[1];
- float x2 = pos2[0];
- float y2 = pos2[1];
- float x3 = pos3[0];
- float y3 = pos3[1];
- path.moveTo(x , y);
- if(i% 5 ==0){
- path.lineTo(x2,y2);
- if(t>12){
- t = t-12;
- }
- String time = t++ +"";
- Path path_time = new Path();
- mMeasure_h.getPosTan(mMeasure_h.getLength()*(i-1)/60,pos2,tan2);
- mPaint.getTextPath(time,0,time.length(),(x2- (x2/15)),y2-(y2/15),path_time);
- path.close();
- path.addPath(path_time);
- }else{
- path.lineTo(x3,y3);
- }
- mPath_duration.addPath(path);
- clockRunnable = new Runnable() {//里面做的事情就是每隔一秒,刷新一次界面
- @Override
- public void run() {
- //线程中刷新界面
- postInvalidate();
- mHandler.postDelayed(this, 1000);
- }
- };
- }
- mPath_h = new Path();
- mPath_h.rLineTo(50,30);
- mPath_m = new Path();
- mPath_m.rLineTo(80,80);
- mPath_s = new Path();
- mPath_s.rLineTo(130,50);
- }
- private int mWidth,mHeight;
- @Override
- protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
- super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);
- mWidth = w;
- mHeight = h;
- }
- @Override
- protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
- super.onDraw(canvas);
- if(!isRunning){
- isRunning = true;
- mHandler.postDelayed(clockRunnable,1000);
- }else{
- canvas.translate(mWidth/2,mHeight/2);
- canvas.drawPath(mPath_Circle,mPaint);
- canvas.save();
- canvas.drawPath(mPath_duration,mPaint_time);
- canvas.drawPoint(0,0,mPaint_time);
- drawClockPoint(canvas);
- }
- }
- private Calendar cal;
- private int hour;
- private int min;
- private int second;
- private float hourAngle,minAngle,secAngle;
- /**
- * 绘制三个指针
- * @param canvas
- */
- private void drawClockPoint(Canvas canvas) {
- cal = Calendar.getInstance();
- hour = cal.get(Calendar.HOUR);//Calendar.HOUR获取的是12小时制,Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY获取的是24小时制
- min = cal.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
- second = cal.get(Calendar.SECOND);
- //计算时分秒指针各自需要偏移的角度
- hourAngle = (float)hour / 12 * 360 + (float)min / 60 * (360 / 12);//360/12是指每个数字之间的角度
- minAngle = (float)min / 60 * 360;
- secAngle = (float)second / 60 * 360;
- //下面将时、分、秒指针按照各自的偏移角度进行旋转,每次旋转前要先保存canvas的原始状态
- canvas.save();
- canvas.rotate(hourAngle,0, 0);
- canvas.drawLine(0, 0, mWidth/6, getHeight() / 6 - 65, mPaint_h);//时针长度设置为65
- canvas.restore();
- canvas.save();
- canvas.rotate(minAngle,0, 0);
- canvas.drawLine(0, 0, mWidth/6, getHeight() / 6 - 90 , mPaint_m);//分针长度设置为90
- canvas.restore();
- canvas.save();
- canvas.rotate(secAngle,0, 0);
- canvas.drawLine(0, 0, mWidth/6, getHeight() / 6 - 110 , mPaint_s);//秒针长度设置为110
- canvas.restore();
- }
- }
这其实还不算特别复杂的动画,也许你有啥好的想法,可以自己通过Path + 属性动画来实现更好看的效果;
比如星空的效果,比如动态绘制文字 + 路径实现类似ppt中播放的一些特效,比如电子书的自动翻页。
(3)下边再介绍一个知识,就是svg:
svg是什么东西呢?
他的学名叫做可缩放矢量图形,是基于可扩展标记语言(标准通用标记语言的子集),用于描述二维矢量图形的一种图形格式。
这种格式的图形式可以加载到Android的Path里边。
既然可以加载到Path里边,那么是不是就可以实现更复杂的效果呢,下边看图:(明天再写了)