[20151124]快速建立测试数据库.txt
-- 以建立11.2.0.4的数据库为例子说明，以前写过使用内存来运行测试数据库，以这个为基础并且做一个记录。
-- 重新删除在建立数据库。
startup nomount;
alter system enable restricted session;
RMAN> drop database including backups;
1.建立内存盘:
# mkdir -p /mnt/ramdisk
# mount -t tmpfs -o size=8G tmpfs /mnt/ramdisk
# su - oracle
2.检查环境变量是否设置正确
$ env | grep -i oracle
odbs=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/dbs
onetadmin=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/network/admin
onet=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/network
USER=oracle
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/lib:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/oracm/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib64
ORACLE_SID=book
oh=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
MAIL=/var/spool/mail/oracle
PATH=.:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/NX/bin:/home/oracle/bin:/home/oracle/bin:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/bin
ob=/u01/app/oracle
PWD=/home/oracle
obdump=/u01/app/oracle/admin/dbcn1/bdump
oudump=/u01/app/oracle/admin/dbcn1/udump
HOME=/home/oracle
LOGNAME=oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1
--设置如下环境变量
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.zhs16gbk
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'
export NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF TZH:TZM'
3.执行dbca:
--注意在执行前检查/etc/oratab文件，删除以前的遗留信息。
$ export ORACLE_SID=
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -gdbName book -sid book -sysPassword oracle \
-systemPassword oracle -storageType FS -characterSet ZHS16GBK -nationalCharacterSet AL16UTF16 -listeners LISTENER -sampleSchema true -totalMemory 800 \
-databaseType MULTIPURPOSE -silent -datafileDestination /mnt/ramdisk -redoLogFileSize 50
-- 最好加入-sampleSchema true 这样安装测试带的测试例子。在我的测试环境大约5分钟安装完成。
4.检查并设置：
$ export ORACLE_SID=book
$ rlsql
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Nov 24 09:14:42 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@book> show sga
Total System Global Area 626327552 bytes
Fixed Size 2255832 bytes
Variable Size 180356136 bytes
Database Buffers 436207616 bytes
Redo Buffers 7507968 bytes
--有3个细节要注意，建立的数据库没有打开archivelog：
SYS@book> archive log list;
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 3
Current log sequence 5
RMAN> list incarnation;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Database Incarnations
DB Key Inc Key DB Name DB ID STATUS Reset SCN Reset Time
------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1 1 BOOK 1337401710 PARENT 1 2013-08-24 11:37:30
2 2 BOOK 1337401710 CURRENT 925702 2015-11-24 09:11:12
--实际上安装是做了1次open resetlogs打开的。检查/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/book目录：
$ grep resetlogs *
trace.log:[Thread-14] [ 2015-11-24 09:11:12.764 CST ] [CloneDBCreationStep.executeImpl:517] alter database "book" open resetlogs;
--另外就是example表空间属性NOLOGGING：
CREATE TABLESPACE EXAMPLE DATAFILE
'/mnt/ramdisk/book/example01.dbf' SIZE 320640K AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
NOLOGGING
ONLINE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE
BLOCKSIZE 8K
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO
FLASHBACK ON;
5.修改相关设置：
$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/book/control02.ctl /mnt/ramdisk/book/
$ tar czvf book.tgz /mnt/ramdisk/book/
--做1个冷备份，坏了直接覆盖就ok了。
SYS@book> startup nomount
SYS@book> alter system set control_files='/mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl','/mnt/ramdisk/book/control02.ctl' scope=spfile;
System altered.
SYS@book> alter system set log_archive_dest_1="location=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/book" ;
System altered.
SYS@book> alter database archivelog ;
Database altered.
SYS@book> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/book
Oldest online log sequence 3
Next log sequence to archive 5
Current log sequence 5
SYS@book> alter user scott account unlock ;
User altered.
SYS@book> password scott
Changing password for scott
New password:
Retype new password:
Password changed