Instant Run
Instant Run,是android studio2.0新增的一个运行机制,在你编码开发、测试或debug的时候,它都能显著减少你对当前应用的构建和部署的时间。通俗的解释就是,当你在Android Studio中改了你的代码,Instant Run可以很快的让你看到你修改的效果。而在没有Instant Run之前,你的一个小小的修改,都肯能需要几十秒甚至更长的等待才能看到修改后的效果。
传统的代码修改及编译部署流程
传统的代码修改及编译流程如下:构建整个apk → 部署app → app重启 → 重启Activity
Instant Run编译和部署流程
Instant Run构建项目的流程:构建修改的部分 → 部署修改的dex或资源 → 热部署,温部署,冷部署
热拔插,温拔插,冷拔插
热拔插:代码改变被应用、投射到APP上,不需要重启应用,不需要重建当前activity。
场景:适用于多数的简单改变(包括一些方法实现的修改,或者变量值修改)
温拔插:activity需要被重启才能看到所需更改。
场景:典型的情况是代码修改涉及到了资源文件,即resources。
冷拔插:app需要被重启(但是仍然不需要重新安装)
场景:任何涉及结构性变化的,比如:修改了继承规则、修改了方法签名等。
首次运行Instant Run,Gradle执行过程
一个新的App Server类会被注入到App中,与Bytecode instrumentation协同监控代码的变化。
同时会有一个新的Application类,它注入了一个自定义类加载器(Class Loader),同时该Application类会启动我们所需的新注入的App Server。于是,Manifest会被修改来确保我们的应用能使用这个新的Application类。(这里不必担心自己继承定义了Application类,Instant Run添加的这个新Application类会代理我们自定义的Application类)
至此,Instant Run已经可以跑起来了,在我们使用的时候,它会通过决策,合理运用冷温热拔插来协助我们大量地缩短构建程序的时间。
在Instant Run运行之前,Android Studio会检查是否能连接到App Server中。并且确保这个App Server是Android Studio所需要的。这同样能确保该应用正处在前台。
热拔插
Android Studio monitors: 运行着Gradle任务来生成增量.dex文件(这个dex文件是对应着开发中的修改类) Android Studio会提取这些.dex文件发送到App Server,然后部署到App(Gradle修改class的原理,请戳链接)。
App Server会不断监听是否需要重写类文件,如果需要,任务会被立马执行。新的更改便能立即被响应。我们可以通过打断点的方式来查看。
温拔插
温拔插需要重启Activity,因为资源文件是在Activity创建时加载,所以必须重启Activity来重载资源文件。
目前来说,任何资源文件的修改都会导致重新打包再发送到APP。但是,google的开发团队正在致力于开发一个增量包,这个增量包只会包装修改过的资源文件并能部署到当前APP上。
所以温拔插实际上只能应对少数的情况,它并不能应付应用在架构、结构上的变化。
注:温拔插涉及到的资源文件修改,在manifest上是无效的(这里的无效是指不会启动Instant Run),因为,manifest的值是在APK安装的时候被读取,所以想要manifest下资源的修改生效,还需要触发一个完整的应用构建和部署。
冷拔插
应用部署的时候,会把工程拆分成十个部分,每部分都拥有自己的.dex文件,然后所有的类会根据包名被分配给相应的.dex文件。当冷拔插开启时,修改过的类所对应的.dex文件,会重组生成新的.dex文件,然后再部署到设备上。
之所以能这么做,是依赖于Android的ART模式,它能允许加载多个.dex文件。ART模式在android4.4(API-19)中加入,但是Dalvik依然是首选,到了android5.0(API-21),ART模式才成为系统默认首选,所以Instant Run只能运行在API-21及其以上版本。
使用Instant Run一些注意点
Instant Run是被Android Studio控制的。所以我们只能通过IDE来启动它,如果通过设备来启动应用,Instant Run会出现异常情况。在使用Instant Run来启动Android app的时候,应注意以下几点:
如果应用的minSdkVersion小于21,可能多数的Instant Run功能会挂掉,这里提供一个解决方法,通过product flavor建立一个minSdkVersion大于21的新分支,用来debug。
Instant Run目前只能在主进程里运行,如果应用是多进程的,类似微信,把webView抽出来单独一个进程,那热、温拔插会被降级为冷拔插。
在Windows下,Windows Defender Real-Time Protection可能会导致Instant Run挂掉,可用通过添加白名单列表解决。
暂时不支持Jack compiler,Instrumentation Tests,或者同时部署到多台设备。
结合Demo深度理解
为了方便大家的理解,我们新建一个项目,里面不写任何的逻辑功能,只对application做一个修改:
首先,我们先反编译一下APK的构成,使用的工具:d2j-dex2jar 和jd-gui。
我们要看的启动的信息就在这个instant-run.zip文件里面,解压instant-run.zip,我们会发现,我们真正的业务代码都在这里。
从instant-run文件中我们猜想是BootstrapApplication替换了我们的application,Instant-Run代码作为一个宿主程序,将app作为资源dex加载起来。
那么InstantRun是怎么把业务代码运行起来的呢?
Instant Run如何启动app
按照我们上面对instant-run运行机制的猜想,我们首先看一下appliaction的分析attachBaseContext和onCreate方法。
attachBaseContext()
- protected void attachBaseContext(Context context) {
- if (!AppInfo.usingApkSplits) {
- String apkFile = context.getApplicationInfo().sourceDir;
- long apkModified = apkFile != null ? new File(apkFile).lastModified() : 0L;
- createResources(apkModified);
- setupClassLoaders(context, context.getCacheDir().getPath(), apkModified);
- }
- createRealApplication();
- super.attachBaseContext(context);
- if (this.realApplication != null) {
- try {
- Method attachBaseContext = ContextWrapper.class.getDeclaredMethod("attachBaseContext", new Class[] { Context.class });
- attachBaseContext.setAccessible(true);
- attachBaseContext.invoke(this.realApplication, new Object[] { context });
- } catch (Exception e) {
- throw new IllegalStateException(e);
- }
- }
- }
我们依次需要关注的方法有:
createResources → setupClassLoaders → createRealApplication → 调用realApplication的attachBaseContext方法
createResources()
- private void createResources(long apkModified) {
- FileManager.checkInbox();
- File file = FileManager.getExternalResourceFile();
- this.externalResourcePath = (file != null ? file.getPath() : null);
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Resource override is " + this.externalResourcePath);
- }
- if (file != null) {
- try {
- long resourceModified = file.lastModified();
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Resource patch last modified: " + resourceModified);
- Log.v("InstantRun", "APK last modified: " + apkModified
- + " "
- + (apkModified > resourceModified ? ">" : "<")
- + " resource patch");
- }
- if ((apkModified == 0L) || (resourceModified <= apkModified)) {
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Ignoring resource file, older than APK");
- }
- this.externalResourcePath = null;
- }
- } catch (Throwable t) {
- Log.e("InstantRun", "Failed to check patch timestamps", t);
- }
- }
- }
说明:该方法主要是判断资源resource.ap_是否改变,然后保存resource.ap_的路径到externalResourcePath中。
setupClassLoaders()
- private static void setupClassLoaders(Context context, String codeCacheDir, long apkModified) {
- List dexList = FileManager.getDexList(context, apkModified);
- Class server = Server.class;
- Class patcher = MonkeyPatcher.class;
- if (!dexList.isEmpty()) {
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Bootstrapping class loader with dex list " + join('\n', dexList));
- }
- ClassLoader classLoader = BootstrapApplication.class.getClassLoader();
- String nativeLibraryPath;
- try {
- nativeLibraryPath = (String) classLoader.getClass().getMethod("getLdLibraryPath", new Class[0]).invoke(classLoader, new Object[0]);
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Native library path: " + nativeLibraryPath);
- }
- } catch (Throwable t) {
- Log.e("InstantRun", "Failed to determine native library path " + t.getMessage());
- nativeLibraryPath = FileManager.getNativeLibraryFolder().getPath();
- }
- IncrementalClassLoader.inject(classLoader, nativeLibraryPath, codeCacheDir, dexList);
- }
- }
说明,该方法是初始化一个ClassLoaders并调用IncrementalClassLoader。
IncrementalClassLoader的源码如下:
- public class IncrementalClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
- public static final boolean DEBUG_CLASS_LOADING = false;
- private final DelegateClassLoader delegateClassLoader;
- public IncrementalClassLoader(ClassLoader original, String nativeLibraryPath, String codeCacheDir, List dexes) {
- super(original.getParent());
- this.delegateClassLoader = createDelegateClassLoader(nativeLibraryPath, codeCacheDir, dexes, original);
- }
- public Class findClass(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException {
- try {
- return this.delegateClassLoader.findClass(className);
- } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
- throw e;
- }
- }
- private static class DelegateClassLoader extends BaseDexClassLoader {
- private DelegateClassLoader(String dexPath, File optimizedDirectory, String libraryPath, ClassLoader parent) {
- super(dexPath, optimizedDirectory, libraryPath, parent);
- }
- public Class findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
- try {
- return super.findClass(name);
- } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
- throw e;
- }
- }
- }
- private static DelegateClassLoader createDelegateClassLoader(String nativeLibraryPath, String codeCacheDir, List dexes,
- ClassLoader original) {
- String pathBuilder = createDexPath(dexes);
- return new DelegateClassLoader(pathBuilder, new File(codeCacheDir), nativeLibraryPath, original);
- }
- private static String createDexPath(List dexes) {
- StringBuilder pathBuilder = new StringBuilder();
- boolean first = true;
- for (String dex : dexes) {
- if (first) {
- first = false;
- } else {
- pathBuilder.append(File.pathSeparator);
- }
- pathBuilder.append(dex);
- }
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Incremental dex path is " + BootstrapApplication.join('\n', dexes));
- }
- return pathBuilder.toString();
- }
- private static void setParent(ClassLoader classLoader, ClassLoader newParent) {
- try {
- Field parent = ClassLoader.class.getDeclaredField("parent");
- parent.setAccessible(true);
- parent.set(classLoader, newParent);
- } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
- }
- public static ClassLoader inject(ClassLoader classLoader,
- String nativeLibraryPath, String codeCacheDir, List dexes) {
- IncrementalClassLoader incrementalClassLoader = new IncrementalClassLoader(classLoader, nativeLibraryPath, codeCacheDir, dexes);
- setParent(classLoader, incrementalClassLoader);
- return incrementalClassLoader;
- }
- }
inject方法是用来设置classloader的父子顺序的,使用IncrementalClassLoader来加载dex。由于ClassLoader的双亲委托模式,也就是委托父类加载类,父类中找不到再在本ClassLoader中查找。
调用的效果图如下:
为了方便我们对委托父类加载机制的理解,我们可以做一个实验,在我们的application做一些Log。
- @Override
- public void onCreate() {
- super.onCreate();
- try{
- Log.d(TAG,"###onCreate in myApplication");
- String classLoaderName = getClassLoader().getClass().getName();
- Log.d(TAG,"###onCreate in myApplication classLoaderName = "+classLoaderName);
- String parentClassLoaderName = getClassLoader().getParent().getClass().getName();
- Log.d(TAG,"###onCreate in myApplication parentClassLoaderName = "+parentClassLoaderName);
- String pParentClassLoaderName = getClassLoader().getParent().getParent().getClass().getName();
- Log.d(TAG,"###onCreate in myApplication pParentClassLoaderName = "+pParentClassLoaderName);
- }catch (Exception e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
输出结果:
- 03-20 10:43:42.475 27307-27307/mobctrl.net.testinstantrun D/MyApplication: ###onCreate in myApplication classLoaderName = dalvik.system.PathClassLoader
- 03-20 10:43:42.475 27307-27307/mobctrl.net.testinstantrun D/MyApplication: ###onCreate in myApplication parentClassLoaderName = com.android.tools.fd.runtime.IncrementalClassLoader
- 03-20 10:43:42.475 27307-27307/mobctrl.net.testinstantrun D/MyApplication: ###onCreate in myApplication pParentClassLoaderName = java.lang.BootClassLoader
由此,我们知道,当前PathClassLoader委托IncrementalClassLoader加载dex。
我们继续对attachBaseContext()继续分析:
- attachBaseContext.invoke(this.realApplication, new Object[] { context });
createRealApplication
- private void createRealApplication() {
- if (AppInfo.applicationClass != null) {
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "About to create real application of class name = " + AppInfo.applicationClass);
- }
- try {
- Class realClass = (Class) Class.forName(AppInfo.applicationClass);
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Created delegate app class successfully : "
- + realClass + " with class loader "
- + realClass.getClassLoader());
- }
- Constructor constructor = realClass.getConstructor(new Class[0]);
- this.realApplication = ((Application) constructor.newInstance(new Object[0]));
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Created real app instance successfully :" + this.realApplication);
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- throw new IllegalStateException(e);
- }
- } else {
- this.realApplication = new Application();
- }
- }
该方法就是用classes.dex中的AppInfo类的applicationClass常量中保存的app真实的application。由例子的分析我们可以知道applicationClass就是com.xzh.demo.MyApplication。通过反射的方式,创建真是的realApplication。
看完attachBaseContext我们继续看BootstrapApplication();
BootstrapApplication()
我们首先看一下onCreate方法:
onCreate()
- public void onCreate() {
- if (!AppInfo.usingApkSplits) {
- MonkeyPatcher.monkeyPatchApplication(this, this, this.realApplication, this.externalResourcePath);
- MonkeyPatcher.monkeyPatchExistingResources(this, this.externalResourcePath, null);
- } else {
- MonkeyPatcher.monkeyPatchApplication(this, this, this.realApplication, null);
- }
- super.onCreate();
- if (AppInfo.applicationId != null) {
- try {
- boolean foundPackage = false;
- int pid = Process.myPid();
- ActivityManager manager = (ActivityManager) getSystemService("activity");
- List processes = manager.getRunningAppProcesses();
- boolean startServer = false;
- if ((processes != null) && (processes.size() > 1)) {
- for (ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo processInfo : processes) {
- if (AppInfo.applicationId.equals(processInfo.processName)) {
- foundPackage = true;
- if (processInfo.pid == pid) {
- startServer = true;
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- if ((!startServer) && (!foundPackage)) {
- startServer = true;
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Multiprocess but didn't find process with package: starting server anyway");
- }
- }
- } else {
- startServer = true;
- }
- if (startServer) {
- Server.create(AppInfo.applicationId, this);
- }
- } catch (Throwable t) {
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Failed during multi process check", t);
- }
- Server.create(AppInfo.applicationId, this);
- }
- }
- if (this.realApplication != null) {
- this.realApplication.onCreate();
- }
- }
在onCreate()中我们需要注意以下方法:
monkeyPatchApplication → monkeyPatchExistingResources → Server启动 → 调用realApplication的onCreate方法
monkeyPatchApplication
- public static void monkeyPatchApplication(Context context, Application bootstrap, Application realApplication, String externalResourceFile) {
- try {
- Class activityThread = Class.forName("android.app.ActivityThread");
- Object currentActivityThread = getActivityThread(context, activityThread);
- Field mInitialApplication = activityThread.getDeclaredField("mInitialApplication");
- mInitialApplication.setAccessible(true);
- Application initialApplication = (Application) mInitialApplication.get(currentActivityThread);
- if ((realApplication != null) && (initialApplication == bootstrap)) {
- mInitialApplication.set(currentActivityThread, realApplication);
- }
- if (realApplication != null) {
- Field mAllApplications = activityThread.getDeclaredField("mAllApplications");
- mAllApplications.setAccessible(true);
- List allApplications = (List) mAllApplications.get(currentActivityThread);
- for (int i = 0; i < allApplications.size(); i++) {
- if (allApplications.get(i) == bootstrap) {
- allApplications.set(i, realApplication);
- }
- }
- }
- Class loadedApkClass;
- try {
- loadedApkClass = Class.forName("android.app.LoadedApk");
- } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
- loadedApkClass = Class.forName("android.app.ActivityThread$PackageInfo");
- }
- Field mApplication = loadedApkClass.getDeclaredField("mApplication");
- mApplication.setAccessible(true);
- Field mResDir = loadedApkClass.getDeclaredField("mResDir");
- mResDir.setAccessible(true);
- Field mLoadedApk = null;
- try {
- mLoadedApk = Application.class.getDeclaredField("mLoadedApk");
- } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
- }
- for (String fieldName : new String[] { "mPackages", "mResourcePackages" }) {
- Field field = activityThread.getDeclaredField(fieldName);
- field.setAccessible(true);
- Object value = field.get(currentActivityThread);
- for (Map.Entry> entry : ((Map>) value).entrySet()) {
- Object loadedApk = ((WeakReference) entry.getValue()).get();
- if (loadedApk != null) {
- if (mApplication.get(loadedApk) == bootstrap) {
- if (realApplication != null) {
- mApplication.set(loadedApk, realApplication);
- }
- if (externalResourceFile != null) {
- mResDir.set(loadedApk, externalResourceFile);
- }
- if ((realApplication != null) && (mLoadedApk != null)) {
- mLoadedApk.set(realApplication, loadedApk);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- } catch (Throwable e) {
- throw new IllegalStateException(e);
- }
- }
说明:该方法的作用是替换所有当前app的application为realApplication。
替换的过程如下:
1.替换ActivityThread的mInitialApplication为realApplication
2.替换mAllApplications 中所有的Application为realApplication
3.替换ActivityThread的mPackages,mResourcePackages中的mLoaderApk中的application为realApplication。
monkeyPatchExistingResources
- public static void monkeyPatchExistingResources(Context context, String externalResourceFile, Collection activities) {
- if (externalResourceFile == null) {
- return;
- }
- try {
- AssetManager newAssetManager = (AssetManager) AssetManager.class.getConstructor(new Class[0]).newInstance(new Object[0]);
- Method mAddAssetPath = AssetManager.class.getDeclaredMethod(
- "addAssetPath", new Class[] { String.class });
- mAddAssetPath.setAccessible(true);
- if (((Integer) mAddAssetPath.invoke(newAssetManager, new Object[] { externalResourceFile })).intValue() == 0) {
- throw new IllegalStateException(
- "Could not create new AssetManager");
- }
- Method mEnsureStringBlocks = AssetManager.class.getDeclaredMethod("ensureStringBlocks", new Class[0]);
- mEnsureStringBlocks.setAccessible(true);
- mEnsureStringBlocks.invoke(newAssetManager, new Object[0]);
- if (activities != null) {
- for (Activity activity : activities) {
- Resources resources = activity.getResources();
- try {
- Field mAssets = Resources.class.getDeclaredField("mAssets");
- mAssets.setAccessible(true);
- mAssets.set(resources, newAssetManager);
- } catch (Throwable ignore) {
- Field mResourcesImpl = Resources.class.getDeclaredField("mResourcesImpl");
- mResourcesImpl.setAccessible(true);
- Object resourceImpl = mResourcesImpl.get(resources);
- Field implAssets = resourceImpl.getClass().getDeclaredField("mAssets");
- implAssets.setAccessible(true);
- implAssets.set(resourceImpl, newAssetManager);
- }
- Resources.Theme theme = activity.getTheme();
- try {
- try {
- Field ma = Resources.Theme.class.getDeclaredField("mAssets");
- ma.setAccessible(true);
- ma.set(theme, newAssetManager);
- } catch (NoSuchFieldException ignore) {
- Field themeField = Resources.Theme.class.getDeclaredField("mThemeImpl");
- themeField.setAccessible(true);
- Object impl = themeField.get(theme);
- Field ma = impl.getClass().getDeclaredField("mAssets");
- ma.setAccessible(true);
- ma.set(impl, newAssetManager);
- }
- Field mt = ContextThemeWrapper.class.getDeclaredField("mTheme");
- mt.setAccessible(true);
- mt.set(activity, null);
- Method mtm = ContextThemeWrapper.class.getDeclaredMethod("initializeTheme", new Class[0]);
- mtm.setAccessible(true);
- mtm.invoke(activity, new Object[0]);
- Method mCreateTheme = AssetManager.class.getDeclaredMethod("createTheme", new Class[0]);
- mCreateTheme.setAccessible(true);
- Object internalTheme = mCreateTheme.invoke(newAssetManager, new Object[0]);
- Field mTheme = Resources.Theme.class.getDeclaredField("mTheme");
- mTheme.setAccessible(true);
- mTheme.set(theme, internalTheme);
- } catch (Throwable e) {
- Log.e("InstantRun", "Failed to update existing theme for activity " + activity, e);
- }
- pruneResourceCaches(resources);
- }
- }
- Collection> references;
- if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
- Class resourcesManagerClass = Class.forName("android.app.ResourcesManager");
- Method mGetInstance = resourcesManagerClass.getDeclaredMethod("getInstance", new Class[0]);
- mGetInstance.setAccessible(true);
- Object resourcesManager = mGetInstance.invoke(null, new Object[0]);
- try {
- Field fMActiveResources = resourcesManagerClass.getDeclaredField("mActiveResources");
- fMActiveResources.setAccessible(true);
- <ArrayMap> arrayMap = (ArrayMap) fMActiveResources.get(resourcesManager);
- references = arrayMap.values();
- } catch (NoSuchFieldException ignore) {
- Field mResourceReferences = resourcesManagerClass.getDeclaredField("mResourceReferences");
- mResourceReferences.setAccessible(true);
- references = (Collection) mResourceReferences.get(resourcesManager);
- }
- } else {
- Class activityThread = Class.forName("android.app.ActivityThread");
- Field fMActiveResources = activityThread.getDeclaredField("mActiveResources");
- fMActiveResources.setAccessible(true);
- Object thread = getActivityThread(context, activityThread);
- <HashMap> map = (HashMap) fMActiveResources.get(thread);
- references = map.values();
- }
- for (WeakReference wr : references) {
- Resources resources = (Resources) wr.get();
- if (resources != null) {
- try {
- Field mAssets = Resources.class.getDeclaredField("mAssets");
- mAssets.setAccessible(true);
- mAssets.set(resources, newAssetManager);
- } catch (Throwable ignore) {
- Field mResourcesImpl = Resources.class.getDeclaredField("mResourcesImpl");
- mResourcesImpl.setAccessible(true);
- Object resourceImpl = mResourcesImpl.get(resources);
- Field implAssets = resourceImpl.getClass().getDeclaredField("mAssets");
- implAssets.setAccessible(true);
- implAssets.set(resourceImpl, newAssetManager);
- }
- resources.updateConfiguration(resources.getConfiguration(), resources.getDisplayMetrics());
- }
- }
- } catch (Throwable e) {
- throw new IllegalStateException(e);
- }
- }
说明:该方法的作用是替换所有当前app的mAssets为newAssetManager。
monkeyPatchExistingResources的流程如下:
1.如果resource.ap_文件有改变,那么新建一个AssetManager对象newAssetManager,然后用newAssetManager对象替换所有当前Resource、Resource.Theme的mAssets成员变量。
2.如果当前的已经有Activity启动了,还需要替换所有Activity中mAssets成员变量
判断Server是否已经启动,如果没有启动,则启动Server。然后调用realApplication的onCreate方法代理realApplication的生命周期。
接下来我们分析下Server负责的**热部署**、**温部署**和**冷部署**等问题。
Server热部署、温部署和冷部署
首先重点关注一下Server的内部类SocketServerReplyThread。
SocketServerReplyThread
- private class SocketServerReplyThread extends Thread {
- private final LocalSocket mSocket;
- SocketServerReplyThread(LocalSocket socket) {
- this.mSocket = socket;
- }
- public void run() {
- try {
- DataInputStream input = new DataInputStream(this.mSocket.getInputStream());
- DataOutputStream output = new DataOutputStream(this.mSocket.getOutputStream());
- try {
- handle(input, output);
- } finally {
- try {
- input.close();
- } catch (IOException ignore) {
- }
- try {
- output.close();
- } catch (IOException ignore) {
- }
- }
- return;
- } catch (IOException e) {
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Fatal error receiving messages", e);
- }
- }
- }
- private void handle(DataInputStream input, DataOutputStream output) throws IOException {
- long magic = input.readLong();
- if (magic != 890269988L) {
- Log.w("InstantRun", "Unrecognized header format " + Long.toHexString(magic));
- return;
- }
- int version = input.readInt();
- output.writeInt(4);
- if (version != 4) {
- Log.w("InstantRun", "Mismatched protocol versions; app is using version 4 and tool is using version " + version);
- } else {
- int message;
- for (; ; ) {
- message = input.readInt();
- switch (message) {
- case 7:
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Received EOF from the IDE");
- }
- return;
- case 2:
- boolean active = Restarter.getForegroundActivity(Server.this.mApplication) != null;
- output.writeBoolean(active);
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Received Ping message from the IDE; returned active = " + active);
- }
- break;
- case 3:
- String path = input.readUTF();
- long size = FileManager.getFileSize(path);
- output.writeLong(size);
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Received path-exists(" + path + ") from the " + "IDE; returned size=" + size);
- }
- break;
- case 4:
- long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
- path = input.readUTF();
- byte[] checksum = FileManager.getCheckSum(path);
- if (checksum != null) {
- output.writeInt(checksum.length);
- output.write(checksum);
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
- String hash = new BigInteger(1, checksum)
- .toString(16);
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Received checksum(" + path
- + ") from the " + "IDE: took "
- + (end - begin) + "ms to compute "
- + hash);
- }
- } else {
- output.writeInt(0);
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Received checksum(" + path
- + ") from the "
- + "IDE: returning ");
- }
- }
- break;
- case 5:
- if (!authenticate(input)) {
- return;
- }
- Activity activity = Restarter
- .getForegroundActivity(Server.this.mApplication);
- if (activity != null) {
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun",
- "Restarting activity per user request");
- }
- Restarter.restartActivityOnUiThread(activity);
- }
- break;
- case 1:
- if (!authenticate(input)) {
- return;
- }
- List changes = ApplicationPatch
- .read(input);
- if (changes != null) {
- boolean hasResources = Server.hasResources(changes);
- int updateMode = input.readInt();
- updateMode = Server.this.handlePatches(changes,
- hasResources, updateMode);
- boolean showToast = input.readBoolean();
- output.writeBoolean(true);
- Server.this.restart(updateMode, hasResources,
- showToast);
- }
- break;
- case 6:
- String text = input.readUTF();
- Activity foreground = Restarter
- .getForegroundActivity(Server.this.mApplication);
- if (foreground != null) {
- Restarter.showToast(foreground, text);
- } else if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun",
- "Couldn't show toast (no activity) : "
- + text);
- }
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
说明:socket开启后,开始读取数据,当读到1时,获取代码变化的ApplicationPatch列表,然后调用handlePatches来处理代码的变化。
handlePatches
- private int handlePatches(List changes,
- boolean hasResources, int updateMode) {
- if (hasResources) {
- FileManager.startUpdate();
- }
- for (ApplicationPatch change : changes) {
- String path = change.getPath();
- if (path.endsWith(".dex")) {
- handleColdSwapPatch(change);
- boolean canHotSwap = false;
- for (ApplicationPatch c : changes) {
- if (c.getPath().equals("classes.dex.3")) {
- canHotSwap = true;
- break;
- }
- }
- if (!canHotSwap) {
- updateMode = 3;
- }
- } else if (path.equals("classes.dex.3")) {
- updateMode = handleHotSwapPatch(updateMode, change);
- } else if (isResourcePath(path)) {
- updateMode = handleResourcePatch(updateMode, change, path);
- }
- }
- if (hasResources) {
- FileManager.finishUpdate(true);
- }
- return updateMode;
- }
说明:本方法主要通过判断Change的内容,来判断采用什么模式(热部署、温部署或冷部署)
- 如果后缀为“.dex”,冷部署处理handleColdSwapPatch
- 如果后缀为“classes.dex.3”,热部署处理handleHotSwapPatch
- 其他情况,温部署,处理资源handleResourcePatch
handleColdSwapPatch冷部署
- private static void handleColdSwapPatch(ApplicationPatch patch) {
- if (patch.path.startsWith("slice-")) {
- File file = FileManager.writeDexShard(patch.getBytes(), patch.path);
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Received dex shard " + file);
- }
- }
- }
说明:该方法把dex文件写到私有目录,等待整个app重启,重启之后,使用前面提到的IncrementalClassLoader加载dex即可。
handleHotSwapPatch热部署
- private int handleHotSwapPatch(int updateMode, ApplicationPatch patch) {
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Received incremental code patch");
- }
- try {
- String dexFile = FileManager.writeTempDexFile(patch.getBytes());
- if (dexFile == null) {
- Log.e("InstantRun", "No file to write the code to");
- return updateMode;
- }
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Reading live code from " + dexFile);
- }
- String nativeLibraryPath = FileManager.getNativeLibraryFolder()
- .getPath();
- DexClassLoader dexClassLoader = new DexClassLoader(dexFile,
- this.mApplication.getCacheDir().getPath(),
- nativeLibraryPath, getClass().getClassLoader());
- Class aClass = Class.forName(
- "com.android.tools.fd.runtime.AppPatchesLoaderImpl", true,
- dexClassLoader);
- try {
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Got the patcher class " + aClass);
- }
- PatchesLoader loader = (PatchesLoader) aClass.newInstance();
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Got the patcher instance " + loader);
- }
- String[] getPatchedClasses = (String[]) aClass
- .getDeclaredMethod("getPatchedClasses", new Class[0])
- .invoke(loader, new Object[0]);
- if (Log.isLoggable("InstantRun", 2)) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "Got the list of classes ");
- for (String getPatchedClass : getPatchedClasses) {
- Log.v("InstantRun", "class " + getPatchedClass);
- }
- }
- if (!loader.load()) {
- updateMode = 3;
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- Log.e("InstantRun", "Couldn't apply code changes", e);
- e.printStackTrace();
- updateMode = 3;
- }
- } catch (Throwable e) {
- Log.e("InstantRun", "Couldn't apply code changes", e);
- updateMode = 3;
- }
- return updateMode;
- }
说明:该方法将patch的dex文件写入到临时目录,然后使用DexClassLoader去加载dex。然后反射调用AppPatchesLoaderImpl类的load方法。
需要强调的是:AppPatchesLoaderImpl继承自抽象类AbstractPatchesLoaderImpl,并实现了抽象方法:getPatchedClasses。而AbstractPatchesLoaderImpl抽象类代码如下:
- public abstract class AbstractPatchesLoaderImpl implements PatchesLoader {
- public abstract String[] getPatchedClasses();
- public boolean load() {
- try {
- for (String className : getPatchedClasses()) {
- ClassLoader cl = getClass().getClassLoader();
- Class aClass = cl.loadClass(className + "$override");
- Object o = aClass.newInstance();
- Class originalClass = cl.loadClass(className);
- Field changeField = originalClass.getDeclaredField("$change");
- changeField.setAccessible(true);
- Object previous = changeField.get(null);
- if (previous != null) {
- Field isObsolete = previous.getClass().getDeclaredField("$obsolete");
- if (isObsolete != null) {
- isObsolete.set(null, Boolean.valueOf(true));
- }
- }
- changeField.set(null, o);
- if ((Log.logging != null) && (Log.logging.isLoggable(Level.FINE))) {
- Log.logging.log(Level.FINE, String.format("patched %s", new Object[] { className }));
- }
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- if (Log.logging != null) {
- Log.logging.log(Level.SEVERE, String.format("Exception while patching %s", new Object[] { "foo.bar" }), e);
- }
- return false;
- }
- return true;
- }
- }
Instant Run热部署原理
由上面的代码分析,我们对Instant Run的流程可以分析如下:
1,在第一次构建apk时,在每一个类中注入了一个$change的成员变量,它实现了IncrementalChange接口,并在每一个方法中,插入了一段类似的逻辑。
- IncrementalChange localIncrementalChange = $change;
- if (localIncrementalChange != null) {
- localIncrementalChange.access$dispatch("onCreate.(Landroid/os/Bundle;)V", new Object[] { this, ... });
- return;
- }
当$change不为空的时候,执行IncrementalChange方法。
2,当我们修改代码中方法的实现之后,点击InstantRun,它会生成对应的patch文件来记录你修改的内容。patch文件中的替换类是在所修改类名的后面追加$override,并实现IncrementalChange接口。
3,生成AppPatchesLoaderImpl类,继承自AbstractPatchesLoaderImpl,并实现getPatchedClasses方法,来记录哪些类被修改了。
4,调用load方法之后,根据getPatchedClasses返回的修改过的类的列表,去加载对应的$override类,然后把原有类的$change设置为对应的实现了IncrementalChange接口的$override类。
Instant Run运行机制总结
Instant Run运行机制主要涉及到热部署、温部署和冷部署,主要是在第一次运行,app运行时期,有代码修改时。
第一次编译
1.把Instant-Run.jar和instant-Run-bootstrap.jar打包到主dex中
2.替换AndroidManifest.xml中的application配置
3.使用asm工具,在每个类中添加$change,在每个方法前加逻辑
4.把源代码编译成dex,然后存放到压缩包instant-run.zip中
app运行时
1.获取更改后资源resource.ap_的路径
2.设置ClassLoader。setupClassLoader:
使用IncrementalClassLoader加载apk的代码,将原有的BootClassLoader → PathClassLoader改为BootClassLoader → IncrementalClassLoader → PathClassLoader继承关系。
3.createRealApplication:
创建apk真实的application
4.monkeyPatchApplication
反射替换ActivityThread中的各种Application成员变量
5.monkeyPatchExistingResource
反射替换所有存在的AssetManager对象
6.调用realApplication的onCreate方法
7.启动Server,Socket接收patch列表
有代码修改时
1.生成对应的$override类
2.生成AppPatchesLoaderImpl类,记录修改的类列表
3.打包成patch,通过socket传递给app
4.app的server接收到patch之后,分别按照handleColdSwapPatch、handleHotSwapPatch、handleResourcePatch等待对patch进行处理
5.restart使patch生效
在Android插件化、Android热修复、apk加壳/脱壳中借鉴了Instant Run运行机制,所以理解Instant Run运行机制对于向更深层次的研究是很有帮助的,对于我们自己书写框架也是有借鉴意义的。
本文作者:佚名
来源:51CTO