数据库在安装完成后，在启动时，报错误：ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Dec 2 15:56:00 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba;
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/opt/oracle/product/10g/dbs/initnis.ora'
从上面报的错误不难看出是缺少了文件initnis.ora，于是执行cp /opt/oracle/admin/gaxt/pfile/init.ora.1122011151513 /opt/oracle/product/10g/dbs/initnis.ora
重新启动，
SQL> conn /as sysdba;
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1258291200 bytes
Fixed Size 1267236 bytes
Variable Size 318769628 bytes
Database Buffers 922746880 bytes
Redo Buffers 15507456 bytes
ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode
发现可以启动，上面的问题解决，但又报了一个错。解决方面请查我的另一篇日志：
昨天刚刚将oracle 11G安装完成，今天想通过sqlplus来连接数据库，在启动oracle时，突然报错：
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/dbs/initDATATEST.ora'
[oracle@datatest ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Wed Dec 15 10:54:03 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/dbs/initDATATEST.ora'
原来打不开initDATATEST.ora，于是进入/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/dbs/目录，
[oracle@datatest ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/dbs/
[oracle@datatest dbs]$ ls
hc_datatest.dat hc_mm.dat initdw.ora init.ora lkMM orapwmm spfilemm.ora
原来是没有initDATATEST.ora文件
解决此问题的方法就是到cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/datatest/pfile/目录下，将ora.1114201016265复制到dbs目录下：
cp init.ora.1114201016265 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/initDATATEST.ora
mv init.ora.1114201016265 initDATATEST.ora
然后再次用sqlplus连接数据库
[oracle@datatest dbs]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Wed Dec 15 11:04:25 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 954155008 bytes
Fixed Size 1303916 bytes
Variable Size 239078036 bytes
Database Buffers 708837376 bytes
Redo Buffers 4935680 bytes
ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode
OK,可以了
如还是报错。也可将SPFILE文件重新建立。