CSS3 transform是什么?
transform的含义是:改变,使…变形;转换
CSS3 transform都有哪些常用属性?
transform的属性包括:rotate() / skew() / scale() / translate(,) ,分别还有x、y之分,比如:rotatex() 和 rotatey() ,以此类推。
1,使用调速函数控制过渡效果的速度曲线(加速,减速等)
使用调速函数可以设置过渡效果的速度曲线,从而实现过渡效果随着时间来改变其速度。比如:开始很慢然后加速或者开始很快然后减速。
(1)CSS3定义了如下的调速函数:
linear 规定以相同速度开始至结束的过渡效果(等于 cubic-bezier(0,0,1,1))。
ease 规定慢速开始,然后变快,然后慢速结束的过渡效果(cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1))。
ease-in 规定以慢速开始的过渡效果(等于 cubic-bezier(0.42,0,1,1))。
ease-out 规定以慢速结束的过渡效果(等于 cubic-bezier(0,0,0.58,1))。
ease-in-out 规定以慢速开始和结束的过渡效果(等于 cubic-bezier(0.42,0,0.58,1))。
cubic-bezier(n,n,n,n) 在 cubic-bezier 函数中定义自己的值。可能的值是 0 至 1 之间的数值。
(2)调速函数的使用
使用时只需要把调速函数跟在过渡属性的时间参数后面。如果不填的话则使用默认调速函数(ease)
1
transition: opacity 10s ease-in-out;
(3)使用样例1:
下面通过样例演示各种调速函数的效果区别。鼠标移入方框,方框内的方块会向右移动,同时方块会旋转,边角变圆角,背景色和文字颜色也在改变。这些样式的改变都会有过渡效果,同时由于使用不同的调速函数,过渡的快慢也是有区别的。
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>hangge.com</title>
<style>
.trans_box {
padding: 20px;
background-color: #f0f3f9;
*zoom:1;
}
.trans_list {
width: 10%;
height: 64px;
margin:10px 0;
background-color:#2D9900;
color:#fff;
text-align:center;
}
.linear {
-webkit-transition: all 4s linear;
-moz-transition: all 4s linear;
-o-transition: all 4s linear;
transition: all 4s linear;
}
.ease {
-webkit-transition: all 4s ease;
-moz-transition: all 4s ease;
-o-transition: all 4s ease;
transition: all 4s ease;
}
.ease_in {
-webkit-transition: all 4s ease-in;
-moz-transition: all 4s ease-in;
-o-transition: all 4s ease-in;
transition: all 4s ease-in;
}
.ease_out {
-webkit-transition: all 4s ease-out;
-moz-transition: all 4s ease-out;
-o-transition: all 4s ease-out;
transition: all 4s ease-out;
}
.ease_in_out {
-webkit-transition: all 4s ease-in-out;
-moz-transition: all 4s ease-in-out;
-o-transition: all 4s ease-in-out;
transition: all 4s ease-in-out;
}
.trans_box:hover .trans_list, .trans_box_hover .trans_list {
margin-left:89%;
background-color:#beceeb;
color:#333;
-webkit-border-radius:25px;
-moz-border-radius:25px;
-o-border-radius:25px;
border-radius:25px;
-webkit-transform: rotate(360deg);
-moz-transform: rotate(360deg);
-o-transform: rotate(360deg);
transform: rotate(360deg);
}
</style>
</head>
<div id="transBox" class="trans_box">
<div class="trans_list ease">ease<br>(default)</div>
<div class="trans_list ease_in">ease-in</div>
<div class="trans_list ease_out">ease-out</div>
<div class="trans_list ease_in_out">ease-in-out</div>
<div class="trans_list linear">linear</div>
</div>
</html>
(4)使用样例2:
下面通过对柱状图的宽度改变过渡,演示不同调速函数的效果区别。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
div
{
margin:10px 0;
width:100px;
height:50px;
background:#2D9900;
color:white;
font-weight:bold;
transition:width 2s;
-moz-transition:width 2s; /* Firefox 4 */
-webkit-transition:width 2s; /* Safari and Chrome */
-o-transition:width 2s; /* Opera */
}
#div1 {transition-timing-function: linear;}
#div2 {transition-timing-function: ease;}
#div3 {transition-timing-function: ease-in;}
#div4 {transition-timing-function: ease-out;}
#div5 {transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;}
/* Firefox 4: */
#div1 {-moz-transition-timing-function: linear;}
#div2 {-moz-transition-timing-function: ease;}
#div3 {-moz-transition-timing-function: ease-in;}
#div4 {-moz-transition-timing-function: ease-out;}
#div5 {-moz-transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;}
/* Safari and Chrome: */
#div1 {-webkit-transition-timing-function: linear;}
#div2 {-webkit-transition-timing-function: ease;}
#div3 {-webkit-transition-timing-function: ease-in;}
#div4 {-webkit-transition-timing-function: ease-out;}
#div5 {-webkit-transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;}
/* Opera: */
#div1 {-o-transition-timing-function: linear;}
#div2 {-o-transition-timing-function: ease;}
#div3 {-o-transition-timing-function: ease-in;}
#div4 {-o-transition-timing-function: ease-out;}
#div5 {-o-transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;}
.trans_box:hover div
{
width:500px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="transBox" class="trans_box">
<div id="div2" style="top:150px">ease<br>(default)</div>
<div id="div3" style="top:200px">ease-in</div>
<div id="div4" style="top:250px">ease-out</div>
<div id="div5" style="top:300px">ease-in-out</div>
<div id="div1" style="top:100px">linear</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
2,为过渡增加延时
过渡属性还可以添加一个可选的延时,用以将过渡的开始推迟一段时间。下面是一个等待1秒的例子。
延时1秒
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>hangge.com</title>
<style>
.trans_box3 {
padding: 20px;
background-color: #f0f3f9;
*zoom:1;
}
.trans_box3 div{
width:100px;
height:50px;
background:#2D9900;
color:white;
font-weight:bold;
-webkit-transition: all 2s ease-out 1s;
-moz-transition: all 2s ease-out 1s;
-o-transition: all 2s ease-out 1s;
transition: all 2s ease-out 1s;
}
.trans_box3:hover div
{
width:500px;
}
</style>
</head>
<div class="trans_box3">
<div>延时1秒</div>
</div>
</html>
下面我们来分解各个属性的用法:
transform:rotate():
含义:旋转;其中“deg”是“度”的意思,如“10deg”表示“10度”下同。
.demo_transform1{-webkit-transform:rotate(10deg);-moz-transform:rotate(10deg)}
transform:skew():
含义:倾斜;
.demo_transform2{-webkit-transform:skew(20deg);-moz-transform:skew(20deg)}
transform:scale():
含义:比例;“1.5”表示以1.5的比例放大,如果要放大2倍,须写成“2.0”,缩小则为负“-”。
.demo_transform3{-webkit-transform:scale(1.5);-moz-transform:scale(1.5)}
transform:translate():
含义:变动,位移;如下表示向右位移120像素,如果向上位移,把后面的“0”改个值就行,向左向下位移则为负“-”。
.demo_transform4{-webkit-transform:translate(120px,0);-moz-transform:translate(120px,0)}
transform综合:
transform的常用属性就是这些了,下面我们借助transition的帮忙来演示一个关于css3 transform的综合实例:
.demo_transform5{-webkit-transition:all 1s ease-in-out;-moz-transition:all 1s ease-in-out}
.demo_transform5:hover{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg) skew(-20deg) scale(3.0) translate(100px,0);-moz-transform:rotate(360deg) skew(-20deg)scale(3.0) translate(100px,0)}