Android应用框架之BroadcastReceiver

广播机制是Android系统中的一种消息传播机制，通过观察者模式实现了消息发送者与消息接收者之间的解耦。BroadcastReceiver的使用方式有两种，一种是静态注册，即在Manifest文件中注册，然后在需要发送广播时调用context.sendBroadcast(intent)；；第二种是动态注册。BroadcastReceiver的使用不是本文的重点，本文将着重讲解广播的注册过程和消息发送及接收过程。

1 广播注册过程

广播的静态注册是通过PMS(PackageManagerService)来完成的，其余三大组件也是通过PMS来完成注册的。这里重点讲一下BroadcastReceiver的动态启动方法。和Activity以及Service一样，其启动过程也是通过ContextWrapper-->ContextImpl来完成的。其主要的启动函数是ContextImpl.registerReceiver:

private Intent registerReceiverInternal(BroadcastReceiver receiver, int userId, IntentFilter filter, String broadcastPermission, Handler scheduler, Context context) {
    IIntentReceiver rd = null;
    ......
    rd = mPackageInfo.getReceiverDispatcher(receiver, context, scheduler, mMainThread.getInstrumentation, true);
    ......
    return ActivityManagerNatvice.getDefault().registerReceiver(mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mBasePackageName, rd, filter, boradcastPermission, userId);
    ......
}

从上面的代码可以看出主要做了两件事：

• 从mPackageInfo获取IIntentReceiver对象，之所以这样和bindService是一样的，因为上述的注册过程是一个跨进程的通信方式，而BroadcastReceiver作为Android的一个组件是不能直接跨进程传递的，所以需要使用IIntentReceiver来中转。其具体是由LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher.InnerReceiver，ReceiverDispatcher内部同时保存了BroadcastReceiver和InnerReceiver，所以当接收到广播时，ReceiverDispatcher可以很方便地调用BroadcastReceiver.onReceive()方法。
• 通过ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()获取ActivityManagerService,然后通过AMS来完成广播的注册过程。

接下来具体看一下AMS的registerReceiver具体的实现:

public Intent registerReceiver(IApplicationThread caller, String callerPackage, IIntentReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter, String permission, int userId) {
    ......
    mRegisterReceivers.put(receiver.asBinder(), rl);

    BroadcastFilter bf = new BroadcastFilter(filter, rl, callerPackage, permission, callingUid, userId);
    rl.add(bf);
    mReceiverResolver.addFilter(bf);
}

2 广播的发送和接收过程

广播的发送通过ContextImpl.sendBroadcast方法：

public void sendBroadcast(Intent intent) {
    ......
    ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().broadcastIntent(mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), intent, resolvedType, null, Activity.RESULT_OK, null, null, null, AppOpsManager.OP_NONE, false, false, getUserId());
    ......
}

不出意料，任务又转到了AMS中，AMS在接收到这个指令会调用内部的broadcastIntentLocked方法，在该方法中，AMS会根据intent-filter查找出匹配的广播接收者，并通过一系列的条件过滤，并将最终满足条件的广播接收者添加到BroadcastQueue中，然后BroadcastQueue会将广播发送到相应的广播接收者,核心代码如下：

BroadcastQueue queue = broadcastQueueForIntent(intent);
BroadcastRecord r = new BroadcastRecord(queue, intent, callerApp, callerPackage, callingPid, callingUid, resolvedType, requiredPermission, appOp, receivers, resultTo, resultCode, resultData, map, ordered, sticky, false, userId);
......
queue.enqueOrderedBroadcastLocked(r);
queue.scheduleBroadcastsLocked();

下面再看一下在BroadcastQueue中发送广播scheduleBroadcastsLocked的实现：

public void scheduleBroadcastsLocked(){
    ......
    mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(BROADCAST_INTENT_MSG, this));
    ......
}

实际上BroadcastQueue的scheduleBroadcastsLocked方法没有立即发送广播，而是发送了一个BROADCAST_INTENT_MSG类型的消息，BroadcastQueue收到该消息后会调用processNestBroadcast方法：

while(mParallelBroadcasts.size() > 0) {
    r = mParallelBroadcasts.remove(0);
    r.dispatchTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
    r.dispatchClockTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    final int N = r.recivers.size();
    for(int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        Object target = r.receivers.get(i);
        deliverToRegisteredReceiverLocked(r, (BroadcastFilter)target, false);
    }
    addBroadcastToHistoryLocked(r);
}

可以看到无序广播存储在mParallelBroadcasts中，系统遍历该队列，并将广播发送给它所有的接收者。具体的发送工作通过deliverToRegisteredReceiverLocked完成，在该函数内部通过performReceivedLocked来完成：

private static void performReceiveLocked(ProcessRecord app, IIntentReceiver receiver, Intent intent, int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky, int sendingUser) throws RemoteException {
    ......
    app.thread.scheduleRegisteredReceiver(receiver, intent, resultCode, data, extras, ordered, sticky, sendingUser, app.repProcState);
    ......
}

ApplicationThread的scheduleRegisteredReceiver会调用InnerReceiver.performReceive来实现广播的接收。而在这个方法中会调用LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher.performReceive方法：

public void performReceive(Intent intent, int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky, int sendingUser) {
    ......
    Args args = new Args(intent, resultCode, data, extras, ordered, sticky, sendingUser);
    if(!mActivityThread.post(args)) {
        if(mRistered && ordered) {
            IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();
            args.sendFinished(mgr);
        }
    }
}

在上面的代码中，会创建一个Args对象，并通过mActivityThread的post方法来执行Args的逻辑，Args实际上是一个Runnable接口。mActivityThread是一个Handler，其实就是ActivityThread中的mH，类型是H。Args中的run方法有如下几行代码：

final BroadcastReceiver receiver = mReceiver;
receiver.setPendingResult(this);
receiver.onReceive(mContext, intent);

这个时候BroadcastReceiver的onReceive方法才被执行，也就接收到广播了。