3.10 小结
本章讲述了机会识别的概念框架,先是寻找大量的初步机会方案,然后筛选,进一步探索以缩小机会范围,最终确定最佳可行方案。
机会识别过程包括以下6个步骤:
(1)确立章程
(2)挖掘并探索大量机会方案
(3)筛选机会方案
(4)开发有前景的机会方案
(5)选出最佳机会方案
(6)对结果和过程进行反思
机会识别过程的效果依赖于思考来自不同资源的大量机会方案,在产生构想的过程中找到好机会,并考虑机会方案各方面的质量。通过系统地筛选和开发大量的初步机会,识别有价值的机会并进行进一步开发,可以使企业的资源得到最充分、最有价值的利用。
参考文献
一些资源包括RWW方法以及基于网络的机会评价软件可在网站www.ulrich-eppinger.net上获得。
更多的机会识别相关知识来自以下文献:
Kim, W.Chan, and Renee Mauborgne, Blue Ocean Strategy: How to create Uncontested Market Space and Make Competition Irrelevant, Harvard Business Press, Boston, 2005.
Nalebuff, Barry, and Ian Ayres, Why not? How to Use Everyday Ingenuity to solve Problems Big and Small? Harvard Business Press, Boston, 2003.
Terwiesch, Christian, and Karl T. Ulrich, Innovation Tournaments: Creating and Identifying Exceptional Opportunities, Harvard Business Press, Boston, 2009.
VanGundy 在筛选方法上给出了很多讨论:
Vangundy, Authur B., Techniques of Structured Problem Solving, second edition,Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1988.
RWW方法的详细论述见下面这篇文章:
Day, George S., “Is it real? Can we win? Is it worth doing? Managing Risk and Reward in an Innovation Portfolio,” Harvard Business Review, December 2007.
以下的研究在机会识别的原则上提供了理论和实验的依据:
Girotra, Karan, Christian Terwiesch, and Karl Ulrich, “Idea Generation and the Quality of the Best Idea”, Management Science, Vol. 56, No. 4,2010, pp. 591-604.
Kornish, Laura J., and Karl T. Ulrich, “Opportunity Spaces in innovation: Empirical Analysis of Large Sample of Ideas”, Management Science, Vol. 57, No. 1,2011, pp. 107-128.