问题引入

在过去很长一段时间，不断有客人会问道：“在事先没有任何跟踪或者监控部署的情况下，阿里云RDS SQL Server有没有办法获取到历史死锁信息，供我们分析？”。在写到RDS SQL Server死锁系列文章之五时，我们就可以使用Extended Events来解决这个问题。

分析问题

Extended Events是微软从SQL Server 2008版本开始引入的，其中有一个默认事件会话是system_health，它的作用是用来收集SQL Server发生的错误信息，以XML格式存储在一个名为sys.dm_xe_session_targets的DMV中，这其中就包含了死锁信息。所以，我们可以利用这个DMV关联另外一个名为sys.dm_xe_sessions的DMV来获取死锁信息。
注意：存储在这两个DMV中的信息会伴随SQL Server服务重启而消失。也就是说，我们无法获取到SQL Server服务重启之前的历史死锁信息。

获取历史死锁信息

为了描述清楚如何获取历史死锁信息，我们可以选择其中任意一条死锁信息加以分析，代码如下：

USE master
GO

-- analysis Extend Event for deadlock
DECLARE
    @deadlock_graph_nvarchar nvarchar(max)
    ,@deadlock_graph_xml xml
;

;WITH RingBufferTarget
AS
(
    SELECT CAST (target_data AS XML) AS target_xml
    FROM sys.dm_xe_session_targets st
        INNER JOIN sys.dm_xe_sessions s
            ON s.address = st.event_session_address
    WHERE s.[name] = 'system_health' and st.target_name = 'ring_buffer'
)
SELECT TOP 1 @deadlock_graph_nvarchar = CAST(T.C.query('.') AS NVARCHAR(MAX))
FROM RingBufferTarget AS A
    CROSS APPLY target_xml.nodes('./RingBufferTarget/event') AS T(C)
WHERE T.C.value('./@name','varchar(200)') = 'xml_deadlock_report'

SELECT
    @deadlock_graph_xml = CAST(REPLACE(REPLACE(@deadlock_graph_nvarchar, '&lt;', '<'),'&gt;', '>') as xml)
;

select @deadlock_graph_xml.query('event/data/value/deadlock')

;WITH deadlock
AS
(
        SELECT
                       OwnerID = T.C.value('@id', 'varchar(50)')
                        ,SPid = T.C.value('(./@spid)[1]','int')
                        ,status = T.C.value('(./@status)[1]','varchar(10)')
                        ,Victim = case when T.C.value('@id', 'varchar(50)') = T.C.value('(./../../victim-list/victimProcess/@id)[1]','varchar(50)') then 1 else 0 end
                        ,LockMode = T.C.value('@lockMode', 'varchar(20)')
                        ,Inputbuf = T.C.value('(./inputbuf/text())[1]','varchar(max)')
                        ,SPName = T.C.value('(./executionStack/frame/@procname)[1]','sysname')
                        ,Hostname = T.C.value('(./@hostname)[1]','sysname')
                        ,Clientapp = T.C.value('(./@clientapp)[1]','varchar(max)')
                        ,LoginName = T.C.value('@loginname', 'varchar(20)')
                        ,Action = T.C.value('(./@transactionname)[1]','varchar(max)')
                        ,TransactionTime = T.C.value('@lasttranstarted', 'datetime')
                        --,*
        FROM @deadlock_graph_xml.nodes('./event/data/value/deadlock/process-list/process') AS T(C)
)
,
keylock
AS
(
        SELECT
                OwnerID = T.C.value('./owner[1]/@id', 'varchar(50)')
                ,KeylockObject = T.C.value('./../@objectname', 'varchar(200)')
                ,Indexname = T.C.value('./../@indexname', 'varchar(200)')
                ,IndexLockMode = T.C.value('./../@mode', 'varchar(20)')
        FROM @deadlock_graph_xml.nodes('./event/data/value/deadlock/resource-list/keylock/owner-list') AS T(C)
)
SELECT
        A.SPid
        ,A.TransactionTime
        ,is_Vitim = A.Victim
        ,A.SPName
        ,A.LockMode
        ,B.Indexname
        ,B.KeylockObject
        ,B.IndexLockMode
        ,A.Inputbuf
        ,A.Hostname
        ,A.LoginName
        ,A.Clientapp
        ,A.Action
        ,status
FROM deadlock AS A
        LEFT JOIN keylock AS B
        ON A.OwnerID = B.OwnerID

从执行查询后的结果来看，我们成功拿到了历史死锁信息（从时间字段来看，死锁发生在8天以前），这些有用的信息包含：锁进程，死锁进程，锁的类型，执行的语句，登录用户等信息，如下截图所示：

我们也可以打开这个死锁信息的xml，如下：

<deadlock>
  <victim-list>
    <victimProcess id="process15ee08" />
  </victim-list>
  <process-list>
    <process id="process15ee08" taskpriority="0" logused="0" waitresource="KEY: 14:72057594038910976 (8194443284a0)" waittime="3906" ownerId="23597" transactionname="user_transaction" lasttranstarted="2017-04-19T21:28:11.050" XDES="0x87141730" lockMode="X" schedulerid="1" kpid="4784" status="suspended" spid="64" sbid="0" ecid="0" priority="0" trancount="2" lastbatchstarted="2017-04-19T21:28:11.050" lastbatchcompleted="2017-04-19T21:28:11.027" clientapp="Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio - Query" hostname="CHERISH-PC" hostpid="4284" loginname="Cherish-PC\Cherish" isolationlevel="read committed (2)" xactid="23597" currentdb="14" lockTimeout="4294967295" clientoption1="671090784" clientoption2="390200">
      <executionStack>
        <frame procname="" line="8" stmtstart="58" sqlhandle="0x020000008902b6141ee31ae1865c893c9823c9cf5d55fafb" />
        <frame procname="" line="8" stmtstart="156" stmtend="276" sqlhandle="0x020000008e0a8d0d015ffe0258d01a670c6864df6370c807" />
      </executionStack>
      <inputbuf>

BEGIN TRAN
UPDATE dbo.test_deadlock2
SET name = &amp;apos;CC&amp;apos;
WHERE id = 1
;

UPDATE dbo.test_deadlock1
SET name = &amp;apos;CC&amp;apos;
WHERE id = 1
;
COMMIT

   </inputbuf>
    </process>
    <process id="process15f048" taskpriority="0" logused="0" waitresource="KEY: 14:72057594038976512 (8194443284a0)" waittime="503" ownerId="23574" transactionname="user_transaction" lasttranstarted="2017-04-19T21:28:09.450" XDES="0x87140e80" lockMode="X" schedulerid="1" kpid="4864" status="suspended" spid="63" sbid="0" ecid="0" priority="0" trancount="2" lastbatchstarted="2017-04-19T21:28:09.443" lastbatchcompleted="2017-04-19T21:28:09.440" clientapp="Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio - Query" hostname="CHERISH-PC" hostpid="4284" loginname="Cherish-PC\Cherish" isolationlevel="read committed (2)" xactid="23574" currentdb="14" lockTimeout="4294967295" clientoption1="671090784" clientoption2="390200">
      <executionStack>
        <frame procname="" line="9" stmtstart="58" sqlhandle="0x0200000070cad20bef4ae5ada9481eea2eb28415cd7e0c04" />
        <frame procname="" line="9" stmtstart="208" stmtend="328" sqlhandle="0x020000008b7a380c6bf24758d2b29f0eeb276e4f0aa76d8f" />
      </executionStack>
      <inputbuf>

BEGIN TRAN
UPDATE dbo.test_deadlock1
SET name = &amp;apos;CC&amp;apos;
WHERE id = 1
;
WAITFOR DELAY &amp;apos;00:00:05&amp;apos;

UPDATE dbo.test_deadlock2
SET name = &amp;apos;CC&amp;apos;
WHERE id = 1
;
ROLLBACK   </inputbuf>
    </process>
  </process-list>
  <resource-list>
    <keylock hobtid="72057594038910976" dbid="14" objectname="" indexname="" id="lock80153480" mode="X" associatedObjectId="72057594038910976">
      <owner-list>
        <owner id="process15f048" mode="X" />
      </owner-list>
      <waiter-list>
        <waiter id="process15ee08" mode="X" requestType="wait" />
      </waiter-list>
    </keylock>
    <keylock hobtid="72057594038976512" dbid="14" objectname="" indexname="" id="lock80154580" mode="X" associatedObjectId="72057594038976512">
      <owner-list>
        <owner id="process15ee08" mode="X" />
      </owner-list>
      <waiter-list>
        <waiter id="process15f048" mode="X" requestType="wait" />
      </waiter-list>
    </keylock>
  </resource-list>
</deadlock>