重命名表
重命名表的基本语法是：
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
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ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name; For example: ALTER TABLE suppliers |
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这将重命名的供应商表供应商。
表中添加列（S）
语法＃1
要添加到现有的表列，ALTER TABLE的语法是：
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
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ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name column-definition; For example: ALTER TABLE supplier |
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这会增加供应商表中的列称为supplier_name。
语法＃2
要添加到现有表的多个列，ALTER TABLE的语法是：
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
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ALTER TABLE table_name ADD ( column_1 column-definition, column_2 column-definition, ... column_n column_definition ); For example: ALTER TABLE supplier |
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这将增加两列（supplier_name市）的供应商表。
修改表中的列（S）
语法＃1
要修改现有表列，ALTER TABLE的语法是：
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
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ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY column_name column_type; For example: ALTER TABLE supplier |
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这将修改所谓supplier_name，是一个VARCHAR2数据类型（100），并迫使列不允许空值的列。
语法＃2
要修改现有表中的多个列，ALTER TABLE的语法是：
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
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ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY ( column_1 column_type, column_2 column_type, ... column_n column_type ); For example: ALTER TABLE supplier |
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这将修改supplier_name和城市列。
（S）在一个表中删除列
语法＃1
要删除一个现有的表列，ALTER TABLE的语法是：
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
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ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name; For example: ALTER TABLE supplier |
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这将下降supplier_name名为供应商的表列。
在表重命名列（S）
（新在Oracle 9i第2版）
语法＃1
在Oracle9i第2版开始，你现在可以重命名列。
要在现有的表重命名列，ALTER TABLE的语法是：
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
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ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME COLUMN old_name to new_name; For example: ALTER TABLE supplier |
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This will rename the column called supplier_name to sname.
Acknowledgements: Thanks to Dave M., Craig A., and Susan W. for contributing to this solution!
Practice Exercise #1:
Based on the departments table below, rename the departments table to depts.
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
| CREATE TABLE departments ( department_id number(10) not null, department_name varchar2(50) not null, CONSTRAINT departments_pk PRIMARY KEY (department_id) ); |
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Solution:
The following ALTER TABLE statement would rename the departments table to depts:
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
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ALTER TABLE departments RENAME TO depts; |
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Practice Exercise #2:
Based on the employees table below, add a column called salary that is a number(6) datatype.
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CREATE TABLE employees ( employee_number number(10) not null, employee_name varchar2(50) not null, department_id number(10), CONSTRAINT employees_pk PRIMARY KEY (employee_number) ); |
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Solution:
The following ALTER TABLE statement would add a salary column to the employees table:
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
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ALTER TABLE employees ADD salary number(6); |
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Practice Exercise #3:
Based on the customers table below, add two columns - one column called contact_name that is a varchar2(50) datatype and one column called last_contacted that is a date datatype.
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CREATE TABLE customers ( customer_id number(10) not null, customer_name varchar2(50) not null, address varchar2(50), city varchar2(50), state varchar2(25), zip_code varchar2(10), CONSTRAINT customers_pk PRIMARY KEY (customer_id) ); |
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Solution:
The following ALTER TABLE statement would add the contact_name and last_contacted columns to the customers table:
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
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ALTER TABLE customers ADD ( contact_name varchar2(50), last_contacted date ); |
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Practice Exercise #4:
Based on the employees table below, change the employee_name column to a varchar2(75) datatype.
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
| CREATE TABLE employees ( employee_number number(10) not null, employee_name varchar2(50) not null, department_id number(10), CONSTRAINT employees_pk PRIMARY KEY (employee_number) ); |
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Solution:
The following ALTER TABLE statement would change the datatype for the employee_name column to varchar2(75):
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
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ALTER TABLE employees MODIFY employee_name varchar2(75); |
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Practice Exercise #5:
Based on the customers table below, change the customer_name column to NOT allow null values and change the state column to a varchar2(2) datatype.
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
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CREATE TABLE customers ( customer_id number(10) not null, customer_name varchar2(50), address varchar2(50), city varchar2(50), state varchar2(25), zip_code varchar2(10), CONSTRAINT customers_pk PRIMARY KEY (customer_id) ); |
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Solution:
The following ALTER TABLE statement would modify the customer_name and state columns accordingly in the customers table:
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
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ALTER TABLE customers MODIFY ( customer_name varchar2(50) not null, state varchar2(2) ); |
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Practice Exercise #6:
Based on the employees table below, drop the salary column.
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
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CREATE TABLE employees ( employee_number number(10) not null, employee_name varchar2(50) not null, department_id number(10), salary number(6), CONSTRAINT employees_pk PRIMARY KEY (employee_number) ); |
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Solution:
The following ALTER TABLE statement would drop the salary column from the employees table:
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
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ALTER TABLE employees DROP COLUMN salary; |
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Practice Exercise #7:
Based on the departments table below, rename the department_name column to dept_name.
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
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CREATE TABLE departments ( department_id number(10) not null, department_name varchar2(50) not null, CONSTRAINT departments_pk PRIMARY KEY (department_id) ); |
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解决方案：
下面的ALTER TABLE语句将重新命名department_name列dept_name部门表：
| 代码如下 | 复制代码 |
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ALTER TABLE departments RENAME COLUMN department_name to dept_name; |
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