异常类(exception classes)包含4种基类,bad_cast, bad_alloc,runtime_error, logic_error;
runtime_error: 错误只有当程序运行时, 才能检测出来;
logic_error: 应用程序检测出的逻辑错误.
其中bad_cast, bad_alloc使用默认构造器, runtime_error, logic_error, 必须使用string(C-style或stl)进行初始化;
用户定义的类也可以继承(inherit)自异常类, 并初始化相应的参数;
代码如下:
/* * cppprimer.cpp * * Created on: 2013.11.28 * Author: Caroline */ /*eclipse cdt, gcc 4.8.1*/ /* setlocale example */ #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <stdexcept> using namespace std; class out_of_stock : public std::runtime_error { public: //初始化基类的runtime_error explicit out_of_stock(const std::string &s) : std::runtime_error(s) {} }; class id_mismatch : public std::logic_error { public: explicit id_mismatch(const std::string &s) : std::logic_error(s) {} id_mismatch(const std::string &s, const std::string &lhs, const std::string &rhs) : std::logic_error(s), left(lhs), right(rhs) {} const std::string left, right; }; struct My_food { My_food(const std::string fi, const int fn) : food_id(fi), food_num(fn) {} My_food& operator+=(const My_food& rhs); std::string food_id; int food_num; }; My_food& My_food::operator+=(const My_food& rhs) { if(this->food_id != rhs.food_id) throw id_mismatch("wrong id", this->food_id, rhs.food_id); this->food_num += rhs.food_num; return *this; } int main (void) { My_food M1("Apple", 3), M2("Pear", 2), M3("Apple", 2); try{ M1 += M3; std::cout << M1.food_id << ":" << M1.food_num << std::endl; M1 += M2; }catch(const id_mismatch &e){ std::cerr << e.what() << ": left id(" << e.left <<") right id(" << e.right << ")" << std::endl; } }
输出:
Apple:5 wrong id: left id(Apple) right id(Pear)
作者:csdn博客 Spike_King
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常见异常(Runtime
system.exception异常、runtimeexception异常、remoteexception异常、parseexception异常、servletexception异常,以便于您获取更多的相关知识。