栈和队列的应用对迷宫问题求解 没有递归 自己手动建的栈和队 并且输出路径 DFS的路径就是
栈中的坐标 BFS的路径在队又开了一个域存上一层的base值 语言还是用的C++ 感觉比C的封装性好很多
充分体会了一下DFS一边比BFS快 但是BFS是最优解而DFS可能不是最优解
#include <iostream> #include<cstdio> #include<cstring> #include<algorithm> using namespace std; #define Maze_size 100 //定义迷宫最大值 class Maze { public: char Maze_map[Maze_size][Maze_size]; bool Maze_map_bj[Maze_size][Maze_size]; int stack[Maze_size][2],top;//栈 栈顶指针 int queue[Maze_size][3],base,qtop;//队列 0 1存坐标 2记录路径 对首指针 队尾指针 int length,wide;//迷宫长,宽(竖,横) int startx,starty;//起点坐标 int step[4][2]; Maze();//初始化迷宫 void input();//从键盘输入 bool DFS();//利用栈深度优先遍历 bool BFS();//利用队列广度优先遍历 void outputDFSmap();//输出深度优先遍历路径 void outputBFSmap();//输出广度优先遍历路径 }; Maze::Maze()//初始化 { length=wide=0; startx=starty=0; step= {{0,1},{0,-1},{1,0},{-1,0}}; top=0; } void Maze::input()//输入 { do { cout<<"input length and wide of maze(length>0,wide>0)"<<endl; cin>>length>>wide; } while(length<=0||wide<=0); cout<<"input maze"<<endl; for(int i=0; i<length; i++) for(int j=0; j<wide; j++) { cin>>Maze_map[i][j]; if(Maze_map[i][j]=='S') startx=i,starty=j; } cout<<"input end"<<endl; } bool Maze::DFS() { top=0; memset(Maze_map_bj,0,sizeof(Maze_map_bj)); stack[++top][0]=startx,stack[top][1]=starty; Maze_map_bj[startx][starty]=1; while(top!=0) { int x=stack[top][0],y=stack[top][1]; for(int i=0; i<4; i++) if(Maze_map[x+step[i][0]][y+step[i][1]]=='E') return 1; bool flag=0; for(int i=0; i<4; i++) if(Maze_map[x+step[i][0]][y+step[i][1]]=='.'&&!Maze_map_bj[x+step[i][0]][y+step[i][1]]) { stack[++top][0]=x+step[i][0],stack[top][1]=y+step[i][1]; Maze_map_bj[x+step[i][0]][y+step[i][1]]=1; flag=1; break; } if(flag) continue; top--; } return 0; } void Maze::outputDFSmap() { if(!DFS()) { cout<<"maze bu neng zou = = "<<endl; return ; } char newmap[Maze_size][Maze_size]; for(int i=0; i<length; i++) for(int j=0; j<wide; j++) newmap[i][j]=Maze_map[i][j]; for(int i=2; i<=top; i++) newmap[stack[i][0]][stack[i][1]]='*'; cout<<"DFS:"<<endl; for(int i=0; i<length; i++) for(int j=0; j<wide; j++) { cout<<newmap[i][j]; if(j==wide-1) cout<<endl; } cout<<endl; } bool Maze::BFS() { base=0,qtop=1; memset(Maze_map_bj,0,sizeof(Maze_map_bj)); queue[base][0]=startx,queue[base][1]=starty,queue[base][2]=0; Maze_map_bj[startx][starty]=1; while(base!=qtop) { int x=queue[base][0],y=queue[base][1]; for(int i=0; i<4; i++) { if(Maze_map[x+step[i][0]][y+step[i][1]]=='E') return 1; if(Maze_map[x+step[i][0]][y+step[i][1]]=='.'&&!Maze_map_bj[x+step[i][0]][y+step[i][1]]) { queue[qtop][0]=x+step[i][0],queue[qtop][1]=y+step[i][1]; queue[qtop][2]=base; qtop++; Maze_map_bj[x+step[i][0]][y+step[i][1]]=1; } } base++; } return 0; } void Maze::outputBFSmap() { if(!BFS()) { cout<<"maze bu neng zou = = "<<endl; return ; } char newmap[Maze_size][Maze_size]; for(int i=0; i<length; i++) for(int j=0; j<wide; j++) newmap[i][j]=Maze_map[i][j]; while(base!=0) { newmap[queue[base][0]][queue[base][1]]='*'; base=queue[base][2]; } cout<<"BFS:"<<endl; for(int i=0; i<length; i++) for(int j=0; j<wide; j++) { cout<<newmap[i][j]; if(j==wide-1) cout<<endl; } cout<<endl; } int main() { Maze a; a.input(); a.outputBFSmap(); a.outputDFSmap(); return 0; }
时间: 2024-10-09 17:36:37