①选修成绩表SCTS中,学生选修成绩由平时成绩(regular_grade)和考试成绩(exam_grade)构成课程总评成绩(total_mark),公式为:total_mark= regular_grade*30%+ exam_grade*70%
设计DML触发器,使得当用户修改某位学生选修某门课程的平时成绩或者考试成绩时,自动实现对该学生该门课程总评成绩的更新。
Create trigger Tri_UPDATE_SCTS on SCTS after UPDATE AS BEGIN IF UPDATE(regular_grade)or UPDATE(exam_grade) BEGIN DECLARE @rgrade float; DECLARE @egrade float; select @rgrade=regular_grade,@egrade= exam_grade from inserted update SCTS set total_mark=0.3*@rgrade+0.7*@egrade from inserted where SCTS.studentid =inserted.studentid and SCTS.courseid=inserted.courseid and SCTS.teacherid =inserted.teacherid END END |
--测试触发器
update Scts set regular_grade='100',exam_grade='100' where studentid='200520805403'and courseid='20224B0' and teacherid='080102' select *from scts where studentid='200520805403'and courseid='20224B0' and teacherid='080102' |
--2、②设计DML触发器,使得当某学生在一个学期中所选修的课程总学分超过20学分时,自动提示“你选修的总学分已达到最大值,不允许继续选课!”的信息;
Create trigger Tri_IN_LIMIT_SCTS on SCTS after insert --注意这里AFTER是插入之后的 AS BEGIN BEGIN DECLARE @allcredit float; DECLARE @sid varchar(12); select @sid =inserted.studentid from inserted select @allcredit=sum(credit) from courses where courseid in( select courseid from scts where studentid=@sid ) if (@allcredit>20) begin Rollback Transaction print @allcredit print'你选修的总学分已达到最大值,不允许继续选课!' end else print'选课成功' END END |
--测试触发器
select sum(credit) '总分' from courses where courseid in( select courseid from scts where studentid='200520701201' ) insert into Scts(courseid,studentid,teacherid) values ('50103Q0','200520701201','080102'); select *from courses where courseid='10042B0' |
--3.设计DML触发器限定:对于“专业”(COURSES.character,包括专业课、专业基础、专业选修等)课程,只有该课程开课学院的学生才能选修,否则提示“不允许跨院选课!”的提示信息。
Create trigger Tri_INSERT_SCTS on SCTS after insert AS BEGIN DECLARE @stype varchar(10); DECLARE @collegeid varchar(5); if exists(select * from courses AS C where C.courseid in(select courseid from inserted ) and C.Character like '专业%') BEGIN select @collegeid=college from courses AS C where C.courseid in(select courseid from inserted ) if exists (select college from students AS S where S.studentid in(select studentid from inserted )and S.college=@collegeid) PRINT '选专业课成功' else BEGIN Rollback Transaction PRINT '不允许跨院选课!' END END ELSE PRINT '选修公共选修课成功' END |
--选修本学院专业课
insert into Scts(courseid,studentid,teacherid)
values ('20224B0','200520805403','080102');
--选修非本院专业课 终止
insert into Scts(courseid,studentid,teacherid)
values ('10019B5','200520805403','080102');
--选修公共选修课
insert into Scts(courseid,studentid,teacherid) values ('50095Q0','200520805403','080102'); select *from students where college='08' select *from colleges where collegeid='08' select *from courses where courseid in (select courseid from courses where character not like '专业%')and college ='08' select *from scts where studentid='200520805403' delete from scts where courseid='20224B0' and studentid='200520805403'; |
--4、设计DML触发器以实现对敏感数据的自动审计:当用户在SCTS表中插入新记录或者更新SCTS表中的regular_grade和exam_grade属性列时,自动在成绩变化表GRADE_LOG(student, course, teacher, regular_grade, exam_grade, username, userdate)中增加一条相应记录,以记录当前用户对学生成绩的操作。(system_user)
Create table GRADE_LOG( id int identity(1,1) primary key, student varchar(20) not null , course varchar(50) not null, teacher varchar(20) not null, regular_grade float , exam_grade float, username varchar(20) not null, userdate datetime not null, operator varchar(10) not null ) --select system_user getdate() Create trigger Tri_IN_U_SCTS on SCTS after INSERT,UPDATE AS BEGIN IF UPDATE(regular_grade)OR UPDATE(exam_grade)or (exists (select 1 from inserted) and not exists (select 1 from deleted)) BEGIN DECLARE @student varchar(20); DECLARE @course varchar(50); DECLARE @teacher varchar(20); DECLARE @rgrade float; DECLARE @egrade float; DECLARE @username varchar(20); DECLARE @date datetime; DECLARE @type varchar(10); select @type='update'; if exists (select 1 from inserted) and not exists (select 1 from deleted) select @type='insert'; select @student=sname from students where studentid in(select studentid from inserted ) select @course =cname from courses where courseid in (select courseid from inserted) select @teacher =tname from teachers where teacherid in (select teacherid from inserted) select @rgrade=regular_grade,@egrade=exam_grade from inserted select @username=system_user,@date=getdate(); insert into GRADE_LOG values(@student,@course,@teacher,@rgrade,@egrade,@username,@date,@type) END END select * from GRADE_LOG; |
--更新成绩
update Scts
set regular_grade='100',exam_grade='20'
where studentid='200520805403'and courseid='20224B0' and teacherid='080102'
--只更新总成绩,不激活触发器
update Scts
set total_mark='100'
where studentid='200520805403'and courseid='20224B0' and teacherid='080102'
--5、DDL触发器,禁止用户在Teaching数据库中的修改表和删除表操作。
CREATE TRIGGER TRI_Teaching_DDL ON database for alter_table,drop_table AS BEGIN print '不允许修改或删除数据表!' Rollback Transaction END |
最新内容请见作者的GitHub页:http://qaseven.github.io/