前言
有时候我们想简单实现文件上传的功能，又不想使用额外的语言（比如PHP、Java），或者想实现文件的断点续传。这个时候Nginx的一个模块nginx-upload-module就能满足我们的需求。
模块安装
下载模块：
cd /tmp
wget https://codeload.github.com/vkholodkov/nginx-upload-module/zip/2.2
unzip 2.2
安装模块：
.configure --add-module=/tmp/nginx-upload-module-2.2/
multipart/form-data表单上传示例
nginx.conf配置：
server {
[...]
location /upload {
upload_pass @uploadHandler;
upload_store /usr/local/nginx/upload_temp 1;
upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.path "$upload_tmp_path";
}
location @uploadHandler {
proxy_pass http://backend-host;
}
[...]
}
这里在server里定义了upload location，这个location是上传的接口，还有@uploadHandler location，是当文件上传完成后，nginx模块会对这个location发送一些必要的信息，如文件上传的路径。
这里涉及了几个指令：
upload_pass @uploadHandler： 上传完成后会发送必要的数据到@uploadHandler;
upload_store /usr/local/nginx/upload_temp 1: 文件上传的临时目录;
upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.path “$upload_tmp_path”: 设置文件上传完成后，把文件临时路径发送给upload_pass指定的location。
断点续传示例
nginx.conf配置
server {
[...]
location /resumable_upload {
upload_resumable on;
upload_state_store /usr/local/nginx/upload_temp ;
upload_pass @drivers_upload_handler;
upload_store /usr/local/nginx/upload_temp;
upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.path "$upload_tmp_path";
}
location @resumable_upload_handler {
proxy_pass http://localhost:8002;
}
[...]
}
与上一步multipart/form-data表单上传示例配置不同的地方有：
upload_resumable on: 开启断点续传功能;
upload_state_store /usr/local/nginx/upload_temp: 设置断点续传状态文件存储的目录。
上传文件第一个片段
POST /upload HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
Content-Length: 51201
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="big.TXT"
X-Content-Range: bytes 0-51200/511920
Session-ID: 1111215056
<0-51200的字节文件数据>
上传文件第一个片段服务器响应
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Date: Thu, 02 Sep 2010 12:54:40 GMT
Content-Length: 14
Connection: close
Range: 0-51200/511920
0-51200/511920
上传文件最后一个片段
POST /upload HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
Content-Length: 51111
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="big.TXT"
X-Content-Range: bytes 460809-511919/511920
Session-ID: 1111215056
<460809-511919字节文件数据>
上传文件最后一个片段服务器响应
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 02 Sep 2010 12:54:43 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Connection: close
Content-Length: 2270
<响应的内容>
请求头说明
请求头 说明
Content-Disposition attachment, filename=“上传的文件名”
Content-Type 待上传文件的mime type,如application/octet-stream(注:不能为multipart/form-data)
X-Content-Range 待上传文件字节范围,如第一片段bytes 0-51200/511920,最后一个片段bytes 460809-511919/511920(注:文件第一个字节标号为0,最后一个字节标号为n-1,其中n为文件字节大小)
X-Session-ID 上传文件的标识,由客户端随机指定.因为是断点续传,客户端必须确保同一个文件的所有片段上传标识一致
Content-Length 上传片段的大小
Python上传demon
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os.path
import requests
import hashlib
# 待上传文件路径
FILE_UPLOAD = "/tmp/testfile"
# 上传接口地址
UPLOAD_URL = "http://host/drivers_upload"
# 单个片段上传的字节数
SEGMENT_SIZE = 1048576
def upload(fp, file_pos, size, file_size):
session_id = get_session_id()
fp.seek(file_pos)
payload = fp.read(size)
content_range = "bytes {file_pos}-{pos_end}/{file_size}".format(file_pos=file_pos,
pos_end=file_pos+size-1,file_size=file_size)
headers = {'Content-Disposition': 'attachment; filename="big.TXT"','Content-Type': 'application/octet-stream',
'X-Content-Range':content_range,'Session-ID': session_id,'Content-Length': size}
res = requests.post(UPLOAD_URL, data=payload, headers=headers)
print(res.text)
# 根据文件名hash获得session id
def get_session_id():
m = hashlib.md5()
file_name = os.path.basename(FILE_UPLOAD)
m.update(file_name)
return m.hexdigest()
def main():
file_pos = 0
file_size = os.path.getsize(FILE_UPLOAD)
fp = open(FILE_UPLOAD,"r")
while True:
if file_pos + SEGMENT_SIZE >= file_size:
upload(fp, file_pos, file_size - file_pos, file_size)
fp.close()
break
else:
upload(fp, file_pos, SEGMENT_SIZE, file_size)
file_pos = file_pos + SEGMENT_SIZE
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()