现在的android手机型号复杂多样，造成了开发过程中使用官方的获取sd卡的方法在部分的手机上并不适用，所以需要进行开发的自己封装，以下就是代码，希望分享出来，大家共同学习
/**
* 获取手机sd卡的工具类
* @author wy
*/
public class SDCardUtils {
/*
* avoid initializations of tool classes
*/
private SDCardUtils() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @Title: getExtSDCardPaths
* @Description: to obtain storage paths, the first path is theoretically
* the returned value of
* Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), namely the
* primary external storage. It can be the storage of internal
* device, or that of external sdcard. If paths.size() >1,
* basically, the current device contains two type of storage:
* one is the storage of the device itself, one is that of
* external sdcard. Additionally, the paths is directory.
* @return List<String>
* @throws IOException
* 获取手机上所有可用的sd卡路径
* @return
*/
public static ArrayList<String> getExtSDCardPaths() {
ArrayList<String> paths = new ArrayList<String>();
String extFileStatus = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
File extFile = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
if (extFileStatus.equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED) && extFile.exists()
&& extFile.isDirectory()) {
paths.add(extFile.getAbsolutePath());
}
try {
// obtain executed result of command line code of 'mount', to judge
// whether tfCard exists by the result
Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
Process process = runtime.exec("mount");
InputStream is = process.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
String line = null;
int mountPathIndex = 1;
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
// format of sdcard file system: vfat/fuse
if ((!line.contains("fat") && !line.contains("fuse") && !line
.contains("storage"))
|| line.contains("secure")
|| line.contains("asec")
|| line.contains("firmware")
|| line.contains("shell")
|| line.contains("obb")
|| line.contains("legacy") || line.contains("data")) {
continue;
}
String[] parts = line.split(" ");
int length = parts.length;
if (mountPathIndex >= length) {
continue;
}
String mountPath = parts[mountPathIndex];
if (!mountPath.contains("/") || mountPath.contains("data")
|| mountPath.contains("Data")) {
continue;
}
File mountRoot = new File(mountPath);
if (!mountRoot.exists() || !mountRoot.isDirectory()) {
continue;
}
boolean equalsToPrimarySD = mountPath.equals(extFile
.getAbsolutePath());
if (equalsToPrimarySD) {
continue;
}
paths.add(mountPath);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return paths;
}
/**
* SD卡剩余空间大小
* @param path 取得SD卡文件路径
* @return 单位MB
*/
public static long getSDFreeSize(String path) {
StatFs sf = new StatFs(path);
// 获取单个数据块的大小(Byte)
long blockSize = sf.getBlockSize();
// 空闲的数据块的数量
long freeBlocks = sf.getAvailableBlocks();
// 返回SD卡空闲大小
return (freeBlocks * blockSize) / 1024 / 1024; //
}
/**
* SD卡总容量
* @param path 取得SD卡文件路径
* @return 单位MB
*/
public static long getSDAllSize(String path) {
StatFs sf = new StatFs(path);
// 获取单个数据块的大小(Byte)
long blockSize = sf.getBlockSize();
// 获取所有数据块数
long allBlocks = sf.getBlockCount();
// 返回SD卡大小
// return allBlocks * blockSize; //单位Byte
// return (allBlocks * blockSize)/1024; //单位KB
return (allBlocks * blockSize) / 1024 / 1024;
}
/**
* 判断当前内存卡是否可用
* @param mContext
* @return
*/
public static final boolean isExist(String sdPath) {
ArrayList<String> list = getExtSDCardPaths();
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
if(list.contains(sdPath)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
Android手机外置SD卡(TF卡)的获取方法
Android手机上的外置SD卡，起初的时候，即在Android出世的前几年，那时手机的存储是十分有限的，不像现在到处可见16G、32G和64G的存储，因而那时候的手机有的厂商允许插入外置的SD卡，此时这张卡仍处于手机的扩展部分。后来，随着手机的发展以及存储能力的增加，这张外置SD卡，逐渐成为了手机的一部分，不再允许可挺拔了，当然现在依然有的手机允许对存储进行拓展，比如三星等。
那张拓展的存储卡，现在叫做TF卡，且不是所有的手机都支持它，但是有时候有些奇葩需求偏要优先存储在TF卡里面，这叫不得不要求开发人员去检查这张卡是否存在、是否可用。又因为这是手机厂商可拓展、可自定义的部分，所有不同厂商生产的手机，以及同一厂商生产的不同型号的手机，TF卡的位置都相差很大，并没有一个统一的名称或位置。因而这是比较困难的一部分，但是还好Android是开源的，我们可以通过运行时来判断手机是否有TF卡，以及TF卡是否可用。
下面这个方法可以获取手机的可以存储，包括SD卡、TF卡等，对多存储卡进行了匹配，详细的代码如下：
1 public class SDCardScanner {
2 /*
3 * avoid initializations of tool classes
4 */
5 private SDCardScanner() {
6 }
7
8 /**
9 * @Title: getExtSDCardPaths
10 * @Description: to obtain storage paths, the first path is theoretically
11 * the returned value of
12 * Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), namely the
13 * primary external storage. It can be the storage of internal
14 * device, or that of external sdcard. If paths.size() >1,
15 * basically, the current device contains two type of storage:
16 * one is the storage of the device itself, one is that of
17 * external sdcard. Additionally, the paths is directory.
18 * @return List<String>
19 * @throws IOException
20 */
21 public static List<String> getExtSDCardPaths() {
22 List<String> paths = new ArrayList<String>();
23 String extFileStatus = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
24 File extFile = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
25 if (extFileStatus.endsWith(Environment.MEDIA_UNMOUNTED)
26 && extFile.exists() && extFile.isDirectory()
27 && extFile.canWrite()) {
28 paths.add(extFile.getAbsolutePath());
29 }
30 try {
31 // obtain executed result of command line code of 'mount', to judge
32 // whether tfCard exists by the result
33 Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
34 Process process = runtime.exec('mount');
35 InputStream is = process.getInputStream();
36 InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
37 BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
38 String line = null;
39 int mountPathIndex = 1;
40 while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
41 // format of sdcard file system: vfat/fuse
42 if ((!line.contains('fat') && !line.contains('fuse') && !line
43 .contains('storage'))
44 || line.contains('secure')
45 || line.contains('asec')
46 || line.contains('firmware')
47 || line.contains('shell')
48 || line.contains('obb')
49 || line.contains('legacy') || line.contains('data')) {
50 continue;
51 }
52 String[] parts = line.split(' ');
53 int length = parts.length;
54 if (mountPathIndex >= length) {
55 continue;
56 }
57 String mountPath = parts[mountPathIndex];
58 if (!mountPath.contains('/') || mountPath.contains('data')
59 || mountPath.contains('Data')) {
60 continue;
61 }
62 File mountRoot = new File(mountPath);
63 if (!mountRoot.exists() || !mountRoot.isDirectory()
64 || !mountRoot.canWrite()) {
65 continue;
66 }
67 boolean equalsToPrimarySD = mountPath.equals(extFile
68 .getAbsolutePath());
69 if (equalsToPrimarySD) {
70 continue;
71 }
72 paths.add(mountPath);
73 }
74 } catch (IOException e) {
75 // TODO Auto-generated catch block
76 e.printStackTrace();
77 }
78 return paths;
79 }
80 }
首先，我把它写成了一个工具类，因而声明了一个私有的构造器，目的就是要防止该类被实例化。
然后，首先获取了Android标准一部分的外置SD卡，如果它可用的话。
然后利用运行时，通过命令行函数'mount'来获取所有的存储位置，并对返回的结果进行SD卡或者TF卡的查找。
最后返回了所有可用于存储的不同的卡的位置，用一个List来保存。由于不是所有的手机都支持TF卡，因而这个List包含的路径未必很多，只有一个SD卡的手机只会返回一个路径，多个可用存储位置的会返回多个路径。
但有一点，是必须的，paths.get(0)肯定是外置SD卡的位置，因为它是primary external storage.