RMAN 备份路径困惑(使用plus archivelog时)

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-- RMAN 备份路径困惑(使用plus archivelog时)

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  最近RMAN备份时，碰到一点疑惑。即使用plus archivelog 时不管是使用format参数指定备份文件的路径还是使用configure配置RMAN备份路径，都不能

将数据文件和日志文件备份到同一路径。在因为以前使用RMAN备份，都是单独备份数据文件和日志文件，所以一直没有在意这个问题。下面给出具体事例。

 

一、指定备份路径备份数据库及归档日志

  RMAN> backup database format '/u01/bk/bk_db_%U' plus archivelog; 

 

  Starting backup at 02-MAY-11

  current log archived

  allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

  channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=146 devtype=DISK

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=50 recid=10 stamp=750091269

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=51 recid=11 stamp=750091281

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=52 recid=12 stamp=750091286

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=53 recid=13 stamp=750092325

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=54 recid=14 stamp=750092487

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=55 recid=15 stamp=750093621

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=56 recid=16 stamp=750094799

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=57 recid=17 stamp=750095198

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=58 recid=18 stamp=750099671

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=59 recid=19 stamp=750099848

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=60 recid=20 stamp=750099945

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=61 recid=21 stamp=750103678

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ODBP/backupset/2011_05_02/           --归档日志放在了闪回区

     o1_mf_annnn_TAG20110502T180758_6vx0mzl2_.bkp tag=TAG20110502T180758 comment=NONE

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

  Finished backup at 02-MAY-11

 

  Starting backup at 02-MAY-11

  using channel ORA_DISK_1

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

  input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/system01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/undotbs01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/sysaux01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/users01.dbf

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_db_1dmbbb40_1_1 tag=TAG20110502T180800 comment=NONE         --数据文件存放在了指定的路径

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

  input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/system01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/undotbs01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/sysaux01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/users01.dbf

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ODBP/backupset/2011_05_02/         --数据文件同时也存放在了闪回区

     o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20110502T180800_6vx0og2z_.bkp tag=TAG20110502T180800 comment=NONE

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

  including current control file in backupset

  including current SPFILE in backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_db_1fmbbb6r_1_1 tag=TAG20110502T180800 comment=NONE        --控制文件和spfile存放到了指定路径

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

  including current control file in backupset

  including current SPFILE in backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ODBP/backupset/2011_05_02/        --控制文件和spfile同时也保存到了闪回区

     o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20110502T180800_6vx0pycl_.bkp tag=TAG20110502T180800 comment=NONE

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

  Finished backup at 02-MAY-11

 

  Starting backup at 02-MAY-11

  current log archived

  using channel ORA_DISK_1

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=62 recid=22 stamp=750103776

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ODBP/backupset/2011_05_02/       --归档日志放在了闪回区

    o1_mf_annnn_TAG20110502T180936_6vx0q1dg_.bkp tag=TAG20110502T180936 comment=NONE

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

  Finished backup at 02-MAY-11

 

--查看备份的数据文件、控制文件等信息

  [oracle@odbp 2011_05_02]$ ls -hltr

  total 703M

  -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4.5M May  2 18:08 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20110502T180758_6vx0mzl2_.bkp

  -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 691M May  2 18:09 o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20110502T180800_6vx0og2z_.bkp

  -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.9M May  2 18:09 o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20110502T180800_6vx0pycl_.bkp

  -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  15K May  2 18:09 o1_mf_annnn_TAG20110502T180936_6vx0q1dg_.bkp

  [oracle@odbp 2011_05_02]$ ls -hltr /u01/bk

  total 698M

  -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 691M May  2 18:08 bk_db_1dmbbb40_1_1

  -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.9M May  2 18:09 bk_db_1fmbbb6r_1_1

 

从上面的情况来看，

  1.当指定了db_recovery_file_dest参数为 /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area时，则归档日志被备份到此目录。

  2.在参数db_recovery_file_dest参数为闪回区时，则数据文件与控制文件及spfile被使用了双重备份。                                                

 

 

--RMAN配置信息为缺省，未做任何调整

  RMAN> show all;

 

  RMAN configuration parameters are:

  CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default

  CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default

  CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default

  CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default

  CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default

  CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default

  CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

  CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

  CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default

  CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default

  CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default

  CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default

  CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/snapcf_odbp.f'; # default

 

--将db_recovery_file_dest参数置空

  SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='';  

 

  System altered.

 

二、再次使用RMAN进行备份

  RMAN> backup database format '/u01/bk/bk_db_%U' plus archivelog;

 

  Starting backup at 02-MAY-11

  current log archived

  using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

  allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

  channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=138 devtype=DISK

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=50 recid=10 stamp=750091269

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=51 recid=11 stamp=750091281

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=52 recid=12 stamp=750091286

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=53 recid=13 stamp=750092325

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=54 recid=14 stamp=750092487

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=55 recid=15 stamp=750093621

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=56 recid=16 stamp=750094799

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=57 recid=17 stamp=750095198

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=58 recid=18 stamp=750099671

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=59 recid=19 stamp=750099848

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=60 recid=20 stamp=750099945

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=61 recid=21 stamp=750103678

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=62 recid=22 stamp=750103776

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=63 recid=23 stamp=750104981

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/1imbbccm_1_1 tag=TAG20110502T182942 comment=NONE --归档日志备份位于$ORACLE_HOME/dbs路径下

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

  Finished backup at 02-MAY-11

 

  Starting backup at 02-MAY-11

  using channel ORA_DISK_1

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

  input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/system01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/undotbs01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/sysaux01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/users01.dbf

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_db_1jmbbcco_1_1 tag=TAG20110502T182944 comment=NONE             --数据文件存放在了指定的路径

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

  input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/system01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/undotbs01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/sysaux01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/users01.dbf

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/1kmbbceg_1_1 tag=TAG20110502T182944 comment=NONE--数据文件同时也存放在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs路径下

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

  including current control file in backupset

  including current SPFILE in backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_db_1lmbbcg7_1_1 tag=TAG20110502T182944 comment=NONE             --控制文件及spfile备份位于指定路径下

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

  including current control file in backupset

  including current SPFILE in backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/1mmbbcgc_1_1 tag=TAG20110502T182944 comment=NONE--归档日志文件备份位于$ORACLE_HOME/dbs路径下

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

  Finished backup at 02-MAY-11

 

  Starting backup at 02-MAY-11

  current log archived

  using channel ORA_DISK_1

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset

  channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=64 recid=24 stamp=750105102

  channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11                         --控制文件及spfile备同时也存放在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs路径下

  piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/1nmbbcge_1_1 tag=TAG20110502T183142 comment=NONE

  channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

  Finished backup at 02-MAY-11

 

从上面的情况来看，

  1.当db_recovery_file_dest参数为空值时，则归档日志，控制文件及spfile被备份到$ORACLE_HOME/dbs路径下

  2.数据文件及控制文件同样实现了双重备份，一份位于$ORACLE_HOME/dbs路径下，一份位于用户指定路径下

 

三、如何将归档日志文件，控制文件，spfile文件以及数据文件备份到同一路径下，

 

  RMAN> run{

  2> allocate channel ch1 device type disk;

  3> allocate channel ch2 device type disk;

  4> backup database format '/u01/bk/bk_db_%U'

  5> plus archivelog format '/u01/bk/bk_lg_%U';

  6> release channel ch1;

  7> release channel ch2;}

 

  using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

  allocated channel: ch1

  channel ch1: sid=141 devtype=DISK

 

  allocated channel: ch2

  channel ch2: sid=148 devtype=DISK

 

  Starting backup at 02-MAY-11

  current log archived

  channel ch1: starting archive log backupset

  channel ch1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=59 recid=19 stamp=750099848

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=60 recid=20 stamp=750099945

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=61 recid=21 stamp=750103678

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=62 recid=22 stamp=750103776

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=63 recid=23 stamp=750104981

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=64 recid=24 stamp=750105102

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=65 recid=25 stamp=750767326

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=66 recid=26 stamp=750769794

  channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ch2: starting archive log backupset

  channel ch2: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=50 recid=10 stamp=750091269

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=51 recid=11 stamp=750091281

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=52 recid=12 stamp=750091286

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=53 recid=13 stamp=750092325

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=54 recid=14 stamp=750092487

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=55 recid=15 stamp=750093621

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=56 recid=16 stamp=750094799

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=57 recid=17 stamp=750095198

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=58 recid=18 stamp=750099671

  channel ch2: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_lg_1ombvlk3_1_1 tag=TAG20110510T110954 comment=NONE     --归档日志存放到指定路径

  channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

  channel ch2: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_lg_1pmbvlk3_1_1 tag=TAG20110510T110954 comment=NONE     --归档日志存放到指定路径

  channel ch2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

  Finished backup at 02-MAY-11

 

  Starting backup at 02-MAY-11

  channel ch1: starting full datafile backupset

  channel ch1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

  input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/system01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/sysaux01.dbf

  channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ch2: starting full datafile backupset

  channel ch2: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

  input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/undotbs01.dbf

  input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/odbp/users01.dbf

  channel ch2: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ch2: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_db_1rmbvlk7_1_1 tag=TAG20110510T110958 comment=NONE     --数据文件存放到指定路径

  channel ch2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:09

  channel ch2: starting full datafile backupset

  channel ch2: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

  including current control file in backupset

  channel ch2: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ch2: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_db_1smbvlmd_1_1 tag=TAG20110510T110958 comment=NONE     --数据文件存放到指定路径

  channel ch2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

  channel ch2: starting full datafile backupset

  channel ch2: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

  including current SPFILE in backupset

  channel ch2: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ch2: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_db_1tmbvlml_1_1 tag=TAG20110510T110958 comment=NONE    --控制文件，spfile文件存放到指定路径

  channel ch2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08

  channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_db_1qmbvlk7_1_1 tag=TAG20110510T110958 comment=NONE

  channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:31

  Finished backup at 02-MAY-11

 

  Starting backup at 02-MAY-11

  current log archived

  channel ch1: starting archive log backupset

  channel ch1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

  input archive log thread=1 sequence=67 recid=27 stamp=750769890

  channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 02-MAY-11

  piece handle=/u01/bk/bk_lg_1umbvln2_1_1 tag=TAG20110510T111130 comment=NONE

  channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

  Finished backup at 02-MAY-11

 

  released channel: ch1

 

  released channel: ch2

 

四、总结（RMAN备份路径）

  1.在未通过configure命令设定RMAN备份文件路径以及未修改db_recovery_file_dest，且指定了format参数，则备份的数据文件，参数文件，

    控制文件，采用了双重保护方式，一份位于指定路径，一份位于缺省的闪回区。同时归档日志保存在闪回区。

  2.一旦修改了db_recovery_file_dest至特定路径，则同上述功能一样，所不同的是存放到非缺省的闪回区。

  3.当db_recovery_file_dest为空值时，同样使用双重保护，但这些文件被放置到了$ORACLE_HOME/dbs路径下。

  4.当使用了configure channel device type disk format = '/u01/bk/db_%U'配置RMAN，则对于badkup database plus archivelog同样会出现上

    述的情况。

  5.如果指定了configure channel device type disk format = '/u01/bk/db_%U'，则单独备份数据文件和日志文件不存在问题，都会存放在指定路径。

  6.在同一条命令来完成(badkup database plus archivelog)则需要单独指定数据文件和日志文件的位置，如下方式：

    backup database format '/u01/bk/bk_db_%U'

      plus archivelog format '/u01/bk/bk_lg_%U'

五、更多参考

 

有关性能优化请参考

Oracle 硬解析与软解析

共享池的调整与优化(Shared pool Tuning)

Buffer cache 的调整与优化(一)

Oracle 表缓存(caching table)的使用

 

有关闪回特性请参考

Oracle 闪回特性(FLASHBACK DATABASE)

Oracle 闪回特性(FLASHBACK DROP & RECYCLEBIN)

Oracle 闪回特性(Flashback Query、Flashback Table)

Oracle 闪回特性(Flashback Version、Flashback Transaction)

 

有关基于用户管理的备份和备份恢复的概念请参考

Oracle 冷备份

Oracle 热备份

Oracle 备份恢复概念

Oracle 实例恢复

Oracle 基于用户管理恢复的处理(详细描述了介质恢复及其处理)

 

有关RMAN的恢复与管理请参考

RMAN 概述及其体系结构

RMAN 配置、监控与管理

RMAN 备份详解

RMAN 还原与恢复

 

 

时间： 2024-12-02 18:27:23

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