应项目要求修改网络问题，为了让项目更加健壮，使用Volley框架，这个android 推荐使用的网络框架，整体来说请求的方式网上都可以查的到，这里就不说，现在就说说添加头部验证，因为我们的项目在请求每一个链接的时候都会验证，所以添加头部是一个十分必要的情况。网上说让在请求里边添加getHeaders（）方法，方法是确实能用，但是是有前提的。
主要是使用不同的队列的问题：
(1)Volley.newRequestQueue(this）
如果是调用这个方法的话，那么在执行StringRequest方法的时候调用的HttpClientStack 这个类中的访问网络的方法：
/*
* Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.android.volley.toolbox;
import com.android.volley.AuthFailureError;
import com.android.volley.Request;
import com.android.volley.Request.Method;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpDelete;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPut;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.entity.ByteArrayEntity;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* An HttpStack that performs request over an {@link HttpClient}.
*/
public class HttpClientStack implements HttpStack {
protected final HttpClient mClient;
private final static String HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE = "Content-Type";
public HttpClientStack(HttpClient client) {
mClient = client;
}
private static void addHeaders(HttpUriRequest httpRequest, Map<String, String> headers) {
for (String key : headers.keySet()) {
httpRequest.setHeader(key, headers.get(key));
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
private static List<NameValuePair> getPostParameterPairs(Map<String, String> postParams) {
List<NameValuePair> result = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(postParams.size());
for (String key : postParams.keySet()) {
result.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, postParams.get(key)));
}
return result;
}
@Override
public HttpResponse performRequest(Request<?> request, Map<String, String> additionalHeaders)
throws IOException, AuthFailureError {
HttpUriRequest httpRequest = createHttpRequest(request, additionalHeaders);
addHeaders(httpRequest, additionalHeaders);
addHeaders(httpRequest, request.getHeaders());
onPrepareRequest(httpRequest);
HttpParams httpParams = httpRequest.getParams();
int timeoutMs = request.getTimeoutMs();
// TODO: Reevaluate this connection timeout based on more wide-scale
// data collection and possibly different for wifi vs. 3G.
HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParams, 5000);
HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParams, timeoutMs);
return mClient.execute(httpRequest);
}
/**
* Creates the appropriate subclass of HttpUriRequest for passed in request.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
/* protected */ static HttpUriRequest createHttpRequest(Request<?> request,
Map<String, String> additionalHeaders) throws AuthFailureError {
switch (request.getMethod()) {
case Method.DEPRECATED_GET_OR_POST: {
// This is the deprecated way that needs to be handled for backwards compatibility.
// If the request's post body is null, then the assumption is that the request is
// GET. Otherwise, it is assumed that the request is a POST.
byte[] postBody = request.getPostBody();
if (postBody != null) {
HttpPost postRequest = new HttpPost(request.getUrl());
postRequest.addHeader(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE, request.getPostBodyContentType());
postRequest.setHeader("Authorization","Basic YW5vbnltb3VzOjEyMzQ1Ng==");
HttpEntity entity;
entity = new ByteArrayEntity(postBody);
postRequest.setEntity(entity);
return postRequest;
} else {
return new HttpGet(request.getUrl());
}
}
case Method.GET:
HttpGet httpGet =new HttpGet(request.getUrl());
// httpGet.setHeader("Authorization","Basic YW5vbnltb3VzOjEyMzQ1Ng==");
return httpGet;
case Method.DELETE:
HttpDelete httpDelete =new HttpDelete(request.getUrl());
return new HttpDelete(request.getUrl());
case Method.POST: {
HttpPost postRequest = new HttpPost(request.getUrl());
postRequest.addHeader(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE, request.getBodyContentType());
setEntityIfNonEmptyBody(postRequest, request);
return postRequest;
}
case Method.PUT: {
HttpPut putRequest = new HttpPut(request.getUrl());
putRequest.addHeader(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE, request.getBodyContentType());
setEntityIfNonEmptyBody(putRequest, request);
return putRequest;
}
default:
throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown request method.");
}
}
private static void setEntityIfNonEmptyBody(HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase httpRequest,
Request<?> request) throws AuthFailureError {
byte[] body = request.getBody();
if (body != null) {
HttpEntity entity = new ByteArrayEntity(body);
httpRequest.setEntity(entity);
}
}
/**
* Called before the request is executed using the underlying HttpClient.
*
* <p>Overwrite in subclasses to augment the request.</p>
*/
protected void onPrepareRequest(HttpUriRequest request) throws IOException {
// Nothing.
}
}
可以看到，这个里边是使用了HttpClient 来进行访问网络，但是再他设置访问方式的时候没有调用getHeaders这个方法
@Override
public Map<String, String> getHeaders() throws AuthFailureError {
Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
// headers.put("Charset", "UTF-8");
// headers.put("Content-Type", "application/x-javascript");
// headers.put("Accept-Encoding", "gzip,deflate");
headers.put("Authorization", "Basic YW5vbnltb3VzOjEyMzQ1Ng==");
return headers;
}
//设置超时
public RetryPolicy getRetryPolicy() {
RetryPolicy retryPolicy = new DefaultRetryPolicy(1000,
DefaultRetryPolicy.DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES,
DefaultRetryPolicy.DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MULT);
return retryPolicy;
}
也就不会添加你设置的头部，那么访问肯定通不过。
所以你可以再里边给添加你的头部，或是，在里边调用getHeaders方法，把头部添加到相应的请求里。
（2） Volley.newRequestQueue(this,new HurlStack())
这个创建的队列他在执行的时候调用的是HttpUrlConnition 这种访问网络的方式，
/*
* Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.android.volley.toolbox;
import com.android.volley.AuthFailureError;
import com.android.volley.Request;
import com.android.volley.Request.Method;
import org.apache.http.Header;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.ProtocolVersion;
import org.apache.http.StatusLine;
import org.apache.http.entity.BasicHttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeader;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicStatusLine;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
/**
* An {@link HttpStack} based on {@link HttpURLConnection}.
*/
public class HurlStack implements HttpStack {
private static final String HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE = "Content-Type";
/**
* An interface for transforming URLs before use.
*/
public interface UrlRewriter {
/**
* Returns a URL to use instead of the provided one, or null to indicate
* this URL should not be used at all.
*/
public String rewriteUrl(String originalUrl);
}
private final UrlRewriter mUrlRewriter;
private final SSLSocketFactory mSslSocketFactory;
public HurlStack() {
this(null);
}
/**
* @param urlRewriter Rewriter to use for request URLs
*/
public HurlStack(UrlRewriter urlRewriter) {
this(urlRewriter, null);
}
/**
* @param urlRewriter Rewriter to use for request URLs
* @param sslSocketFactory SSL factory to use for HTTPS connections
*/
public HurlStack(UrlRewriter urlRewriter, SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory) {
mUrlRewriter = urlRewriter;
mSslSocketFactory = sslSocketFactory;
}
@Override
public HttpResponse performRequest(Request<?> request, Map<String, String> additionalHeaders)
throws IOException, AuthFailureError {
String url = request.getUrl();
HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.putAll(request.getHeaders());
map.putAll(additionalHeaders);
if (mUrlRewriter != null) {
String rewritten = mUrlRewriter.rewriteUrl(url);
if (rewritten == null) {
throw new IOException("URL blocked by rewriter: " + url);
}
url = rewritten;
}
URL parsedUrl = new URL(url);
HttpURLConnection connection = openConnection(parsedUrl, request);
for (String headerName : map.keySet()) {
connection.addRequestProperty(headerName, map.get(headerName));
}
setConnectionParametersForRequest(connection, request);
// Initialize HttpResponse with data from the HttpURLConnection.
ProtocolVersion protocolVersion = new ProtocolVersion("HTTP", 1, 1);
int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
if (responseCode == -1) {
// -1 is returned by getResponseCode() if the response code could not be retrieved.
// Signal to the caller that something was wrong with the connection.
throw new IOException("Could not retrieve response code from HttpUrlConnection.");
}
StatusLine responseStatus = new BasicStatusLine(protocolVersion,
connection.getResponseCode(), connection.getResponseMessage());
BasicHttpResponse response = new BasicHttpResponse(responseStatus);
response.setEntity(entityFromConnection(connection));
for (Entry<String, List<String>> header : connection.getHeaderFields().entrySet()) {
if (header.getKey() != null) {
Header h = new BasicHeader(header.getKey(), header.getValue().get(0));
response.addHeader(h);
}
}
return response;
}
/**
* Initializes an {@link HttpEntity} from the given {@link HttpURLConnection}.
* @param connection
* @return an HttpEntity populated with data from <code>connection</code>.
*/
private static HttpEntity entityFromConnection(HttpURLConnection connection) {
BasicHttpEntity entity = new BasicHttpEntity();
InputStream inputStream;
try {
inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
inputStream = connection.getErrorStream();
}
entity.setContent(inputStream);
entity.setContentLength(connection.getContentLength());
entity.setContentEncoding(connection.getContentEncoding());
entity.setContentType(connection.getContentType());
return entity;
}
/**
* Create an {@link HttpURLConnection} for the specified {@code url}.
*/
protected HttpURLConnection createConnection(URL url) throws IOException {
return (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
}
/**
* Opens an {@link HttpURLConnection} with parameters.
* @param url
* @return an open connection
* @throws IOException
*/
private HttpURLConnection openConnection(URL url, Request<?> request) throws IOException {
HttpURLConnection connection = createConnection(url);
int timeoutMs = request.getTimeoutMs();
connection.setConnectTimeout(timeoutMs);
connection.setReadTimeout(timeoutMs);
connection.setUseCaches(false);
connection.setDoInput(true);
// use caller-provided custom SslSocketFactory, if any, for HTTPS
if ("https".equals(url.getProtocol()) && mSslSocketFactory != null) {
((HttpsURLConnection)connection).setSSLSocketFactory(mSslSocketFactory);
}
return connection;
}
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
/* package */ static void setConnectionParametersForRequest(HttpURLConnection connection,
Request<?> request) throws IOException, AuthFailureError {
switch (request.getMethod()) {
case Method.DEPRECATED_GET_OR_POST:
// This is the deprecated way that needs to be handled for backwards compatibility.
// If the request's post body is null, then the assumption is that the request is
// GET. Otherwise, it is assumed that the request is a POST.
byte[] postBody = request.getPostBody();
if (postBody != null) {
// Prepare output. There is no need to set Content-Length explicitly,
// since this is handled by HttpURLConnection using the size of the prepared
// output stream.
connection.setDoOutput(true);
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
connection.addRequestProperty(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE,
request.getPostBodyContentType());
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
out.write(postBody);
out.close();
}
break;
case Method.GET:
// Not necessary to set the request method because connection defaults to GET but
// being explicit here.
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
break;
case Method.DELETE:
connection.setRequestMethod("DELETE");
break;
case Method.POST:
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
addBodyIfExists(connection, request);
break;
case Method.PUT:
connection.setRequestMethod("PUT");
addBodyIfExists(connection, request);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown method type.");
}
}
private static void addBodyIfExists(HttpURLConnection connection, Request<?> request)
throws IOException, AuthFailureError {
byte[] body = request.getBody();
if (body != null) {
connection.setDoOutput(true);
connection.addRequestProperty(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE, request.getBodyContentType());
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
out.write(body);
out.close();
}
}
}
从这个代码中可以看到，
可以看到这里边他调用了getHeaders这个方法，会给你添加相应的头部，所以，也可以使用这个。