C++第8周(春)项目1 实现复数类中的运算符重载

课程首页在：http://blog.csdn.net/sxhelijian/article/details/11890759，内有完整教学方案及资源链接

【项目1】实现复数类中的运算符重载
（1）请用类的成员函数，定义复数类重载运算符+、-、*、/，使之能用于复数的加减乘除

class Complex
{
public:
    Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}
    Complex(double r,double i){real=r; imag=i;}
    Complex operator+(Complex &c2);
    Complex operator-(Complex &c2);
    Complex operator*(Complex &c2);
    Complex operator/(Complex &c2);
    void display();
private:
    double real;
    double imag;
};
//下面定义成员函数

//下面定义用于测试的main()函数
int main()
{
    Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;
    cout<<"c1=";
    c1.display();
    cout<<"c2=";
    c2.display();
    c3=c1+c2;
    cout<<"c1+c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1-c2;
    cout<<"c1-c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1*c2;
    cout<<"c1*c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1/c2;
    cout<<"c1/c2=";
    c3.display();
    return 0;
}

（2）请用类的友元函数，而不是成员函数，完成上面提及的运算符的重载；
（3）一个定义完整的类，是可以当作独立的产品发布，成为众多项目中的“基础工程”，这样的类在方案二的基础上，扩展+、-、*、/运算符的功能，使之能与double型数据进行运算。设Complex c; double d; c+d和d+c的结果为“将d视为实部为d的复数同c相加”，其他-、*、/运算符类似。

（1)请用类的成员函数，定义复数类重载运算符+、-、*、/，使之能用于复数的加减乘除

参考解答

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
    Complex()
    {
        real=0;
        imag=0;
    }
    Complex(double r,double i)
    {
        real=r;
        imag=i;
    }
    Complex operator+(Complex &c2);
    Complex operator-(Complex &c2);
    Complex operator*(Complex &c2);
    Complex operator/(Complex &c2);
    void display();
private:
    double real;
    double imag;
};
//复数相加： (a+bi)+(c+di)=(a+c)+(b+d)i. 
Complex Complex::operator+(Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=real+c2.real;
    c.imag=imag+c2.imag;
    return c;
}
//复数相减：(a+bi)-(c+di)=(a-c)+(b-d)i.
Complex Complex::operator-(Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=real-c2.real;
    c.imag=imag-c2.imag;
    return c;
}
//复数相乘：(a+bi)(c+di)=(ac－bd)+(bc+ad)i.
Complex Complex::operator*(Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=real*c2.real-imag*c2.imag;
    c.imag=imag*c2.real+real*c2.imag;
    return c;
}

//复数相除：(a+bi)/(c+di)=(ac+bd)/(c^2+d^2) +(bc-ad)/(c^2+d^2)i 
Complex Complex::operator/(Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=(real*c2.real+imag*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag);
    c.imag=(imag*c2.real-real*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag);
    return c;
}

void Complex::display()
{
    cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;
}

int main()
{
    Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;
    cout<<"c1=";
    c1.display();
    cout<<"c2=";
    c2.display();
    c3=c1+c2;
    cout<<"c1+c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1-c2;
    cout<<"c1-c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1*c2;
    cout<<"c1*c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1/c2;
    cout<<"c1/c2=";
    c3.display();
    return 0;
}

（2）请用类的友元函数，而不是成员函数，完成上面提及的运算符的重载；
参考解答

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
    Complex()
    {
        real=0;
        imag=0;
    }
    Complex(double r,double i)
    {
        real=r;
        imag=i;
    }
    friend Complex operator+(Complex &c1, Complex &c2);
    friend Complex operator-(Complex &c1, Complex &c2);
    friend Complex operator*(Complex &c1, Complex &c2);
    friend Complex operator/(Complex &c1, Complex &c2);
    void display();
private:
    double real;
    double imag;
};

//复数相加：(a+bi)+(c+di)=(a+c)+(b+d)i.
Complex operator+(Complex &c1, Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=c1.real+c2.real;
    c.imag=c1.imag+c2.imag;
    return c;
}

//复数相减：(a+bi)-(c+di)=(a-c)+(b-d)i.
Complex operator-(Complex &c1, Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=c1.real-c2.real;
    c.imag=c1.imag-c2.imag;
    return c;
}

//复数相乘：(a+bi)(c+di)=(ac－bd)+(bc+ad)i.
Complex operator*(Complex &c1, Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=c1.real*c2.real-c1.imag*c2.imag;
    c.imag=c1.imag*c2.real+c1.real*c2.imag;
    return c;
}

//复数相除：(a+bi)/(c+di)=(ac+bd)/(c^2+d^2) +(bc-ad)/(c^2+d^2)i
Complex operator/(Complex &c1, Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=(c1.real*c2.real+c1.imag*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag);
    c.imag=(c1.imag*c2.real-c1.real*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag);
    return c;
}

void Complex::display()
{
    cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;
}

int main()
{
    Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;
    cout<<"c1=";
    c1.display();
    cout<<"c2=";
    c2.display();
    c3=c1+c2;
    cout<<"c1+c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1-c2;
    cout<<"c1-c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1*c2;
    cout<<"c1*c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1/c2;
    cout<<"c1/c2=";
    c3.display();
    return 0;
}

　　事实上，运算符重载的函数还可以定义成一般函数，只不过这种做法并不好。下面给出使用一般函数完成运算符重载的程序。其中，加了序号的3处注释值得关注。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
    Complex()
    {
        real=0;
        imag=0;
    }
    Complex(double r,double i)
    {
        real=r;
        imag=i;
    }
    double getReal() const
    {
        return real;   //(1)定义公用的数据接口，可以为const成员函数
    }
    double getImag() const
    {
        return imag;
    }
    void setReal(double r)
    {
        real=r;   //(1)定义公用的数据接口
    }
    void setImag(double i)
    {
        imag=i;
    }

    void display();
private:
    double real;
    double imag;
};

//复数相加：(a+bi)+(c+di)=(a+c)+(b+d)i.
Complex operator+(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2) //(3)将参数处理为const更符合需求
{
    Complex c;
    c.setReal(c1.getReal()+c2.getReal());   //(2)调用公用数据接口读取和修改私有数据成员
    c.setImag(c1.getImag()+c2.getImag());
    return c;
}

//复数相减：(a+bi)-(c+di)=(a-c)+(b-d)i.
Complex operator-(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.setReal(c1.getReal()-c2.getReal());
    c.setImag(c1.getImag()-c2.getImag());
    return c;
}

//复数相乘：(a+bi)(c+di)=(ac－bd)+(bc+ad)i.
Complex operator*(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.setReal(c1.getReal()*c2.getReal()-c1.getImag()*c2.getImag());
    c.setImag(c1.getImag()*c2.getReal()+c1.getReal()*c2.getImag());
    return c;
}

//复数相除：(a+bi)/(c+di)=(ac+bd)/(c^2+d^2) +(bc-ad)/(c^2+d^2)i
Complex operator/(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    double d= (c2.getReal()*c2.getReal()+c2.getImag()*c2.getImag());
    c.setReal((c1.getReal()*c2.getReal()+c1.getImag()*c2.getImag())/d);
    c.setImag((c1.getImag()*c2.getReal()-c1.getReal()*c2.getImag())/d);
    return c;
}

void Complex::display()
{
    cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;
}

int main()
{
    Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;
    cout<<"c1=";
    c1.display();
    cout<<"c2=";
    c2.display();
    c3=c1+c2;
    cout<<"c1+c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1-c2;
    cout<<"c1-c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1*c2;
    cout<<"c1*c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1/c2;
    cout<<"c1/c2=";
    c3.display();
    return 0;
}

（3）一个定义完整的类，是可以当作独立的产品发布，成为众多项目中的“基础工程”，这样的类在方案二的基础上，扩展+、-、*、/运算符的功能，使之能与double型数据进行运算。设Complex c; double d; c+d和d+c的结果为“将d视为实部为d的复数同c相加”，其他-、*、/运算符类似。

参考解答

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
    Complex()
    {
        real=0;
        imag=0;
    }
    Complex(double r,double i)
    {
        real=r;
        imag=i;
    }
    friend Complex operator+(Complex &c1, Complex &c2);
    friend Complex operator+(double d1, Complex &c2);
    friend Complex operator+(Complex &c1, double d2);
    friend Complex operator-(Complex &c1, Complex &c2);
    friend Complex operator-(double d1, Complex &c2);
    friend Complex operator-(Complex &c1, double d2);
    friend Complex operator*(Complex &c1, Complex &c2);
    friend Complex operator*(double d1, Complex &c2);
    friend Complex operator*(Complex &c1, double d2);
    friend Complex operator/(Complex &c1, Complex &c2);
    friend Complex operator/(double d1, Complex &c2);
    friend Complex operator/(Complex &c1, double d2);
    void display();
private:
    double real;
    double imag;
};

//复数相加：(a+bi)+(c+di)=(a+c)+(b+d)i.
Complex operator+(Complex &c1, Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=c1.real+c2.real;
    c.imag=c1.imag+c2.imag;
    return c;
}
Complex operator+(double d1, Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c(d1,0);
    return c+c2; //按运算法则计算的确可以，但充分利用已经定义好的代码，既省人力，也避免引入新的错误，但可能机器的效率会不佳
}
Complex operator+(Complex &c1, double d2)
{
    Complex c(d2,0);
    return c1+c;
}
//复数相减：(a+bi)-(c+di)=(a-c)+(b-d)i.
Complex operator-(Complex &c1, Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=c1.real-c2.real;
    c.imag=c1.imag-c2.imag;
    return c;
}
Complex operator-(double d1, Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c(d1,0);
    return c-c2;
}
Complex operator-(Complex &c1, double d2)
{
    Complex c(d2,0);
    return c1-c;
}

//复数相乘：(a+bi)(c+di)=(ac－bd)+(bc+ad)i.
Complex operator*(Complex &c1, Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=c1.real*c2.real-c1.imag*c2.imag;
    c.imag=c1.imag*c2.real+c1.real*c2.imag;
    return c;
}
Complex operator*(double d1, Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c(d1,0);
    return c*c2;
}
Complex operator*(Complex &c1, double d2)
{
    Complex c(d2,0);
    return c1*c;
}

//复数相除：(a+bi)/(c+di)=(ac+bd)/(c^2+d^2) +(bc-ad)/(c^2+d^2)i
Complex operator/(Complex &c1, Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=(c1.real*c2.real+c1.imag*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag);
    c.imag=(c1.imag*c2.real-c1.real*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag);
    return c;
}
Complex operator/(double d1, Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c(d1,0);
    return c/c2;
}
Complex operator/(Complex &c1, double d2)
{
    Complex c(d2,0);
    return c1/c;
}

void Complex::display()
{
    cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;
}

int main()
{
    Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;
    double d=11;
    cout<<"c1=";
    c1.display();
    cout<<"c2=";
    c2.display();
    cout<<"d="<<d<<endl<<endl;
    cout<<"下面是重载运算符的计算结果: "<<endl;
    c3=c1+c2;
    cout<<"c1+c2=";
    c3.display();
    cout<<"c1+d=";
    (c1+d).display();
    cout<<"d+c1=";
    (d+c1).display();
    c3=c1-c2;
    cout<<"c1-c2=";
    c3.display();
    cout<<"c1-d=";
    (c1-d).display();
    cout<<"d-c1=";
    (d-c1).display();
    c3=c1*c2;
    cout<<"c1*c2=";
    c3.display();
    cout<<"c1*d=";
    (c1*d).display();
    cout<<"d*c1=";
    (d*c1).display();
    c3=c1/c2;
    cout<<"c1/c2=";
    c3.display();
    cout<<"c1/d=";
    (c1/d).display();
    cout<<"d/c1=";
    (d/c1).display();
    return 0;
}
==================== 迂者 贺利坚 CSDN博客专栏=================
|==　IT学子成长指导专栏　专栏文章的分类目录（不定期更新）　==|
|==　C++ 课堂在线专栏　　贺利坚课程教学链接（分课程年级）　==|
|==　我写的书——《逆袭大学——传给IT学子的正能量》　　　　==|
===== 为IT菜鸟起飞铺跑道，和学生一起享受快乐和激情的大学 =====
时间： 2024-08-03 15:55:22

C++第8周(春)项目1 实现复数类中的运算符重载的相关文章

C++第8周(春)项目2 实现Time类中的运算符重载

课程首页在:http://blog.csdn.net/sxhelijian/article/details/11890759,内有完整教学方案及资源链接 [项目2-Time类中的运算符重载]实现Time类中的运算符重载 class CTime { private: unsigned short int hour; // 时 unsigned short int minute; // 分 unsigned short int second; // 秒 public: CTime(int h=0,i

C++第9周项目1 - 实现复数类中的运算符重载

课程首页地址:http://blog.csdn.net/sxhelijian/article/details/7910565,本周题目链接:http://blog.csdn.net/sxhelijian/article/details/8841620 [项目1-Complex类]接第8周项目1,定义Complex类中的<<和>>运算符的重载,实现输入和输出,改造原程序中对运算结果显示方式,使程序读起来更自然. 参考解答:(在VS2008中调试通过,CodeBlocks中有编译错误,

C++第9周项目3 - 实现分数类中的运算符重载

课程首页地址:http://blog.csdn.net/sxhelijian/article/details/7910565,本周题目链接:http://blog.csdn.net/sxhelijian/article/details/8841620 [项目3-分数类]接第8周项目3,定义分数类中<<和>>运算符重载,实现分数的输入输出,改造原程序中对运算结果显示方式,使程序读起来更自然. 参考解答: #include <iostream> #include <C

C++第9周项目2 - 实现时间类中的运算符重载

课程首页地址:http://blog.csdn.net/sxhelijian/article/details/7910565,本周题目链接:http://blog.csdn.net/sxhelijian/article/details/8841620 [项目2-Time类]接第8周项目2,定义Time类中的<<和>>运算符重载,实现时间的输入输出,改造原程序中对运算结果显示方式,使程序读起来更自然. 参考解答: #include <iostream> using nam

C++第8周(春)项目3 分数类中的运算符重载

课程首页在:http://blog.csdn.net/sxhelijian/article/details/11890759,内有完整教学方案及资源链接 [项目3-分数类中的运算符重载]实现分数类中的运算符重载,在分数类中可以完成分数的加减乘除(运算后再化简).比较(6种关系)的运算.可以以第5周项目2的代码为基础开始工作. class CFraction { private: int nume; // 分子 int deno; // 分母 public: //构造函数及运算符重载的函数声明 }

C++第8周项目3 - 分数类中的运算符重载

课程首页地址:http://blog.csdn.net/sxhelijian/article/details/7910565,本周题目链接:http://blog.csdn.net/sxhelijian/article/details/8806111 [项目3-分数类中的运算符重载]实现分数类中的运算符重载,在分数类中可以完成分数的加减乘除(运算后再化简).求反.比较(6种关系)的运算.可以从第5周项目2的代码开始工作. class CFraction {private: int nume; /

C++第5周(春)项目4 指向学生类的指针

课程首页在:http://blog.csdn.net/sxhelijian/article/details/11890759,内有完整教学方案及资源链接 [项目4-指向学生类的指针] 设计一个学生类Student,数据成员包括学号(num)和成绩(score),成员函数根据需要自行设计(建议配备需要的set.get函数,以及必要的输入或输出,给出的代码中也可以找到需要成员函数的线索).在main函数中,要做到: 建立一个对象数组,通过初始化,设置5个学生的数据,要求: 用指针指向数组首元素,输出

C++第12周(春)项目 4 - 日期时间类

课程首页在:http://blog.csdn.net/sxhelijian/article/details/11890759,内有完整教学方案及资源链接 [项目4]日期时间类 定义一个日期类Date,数据成员包括年.月.日,SetDate(int y,int m,int d)和PrintDate()函数分别用于设置日期和显示日期:再定义一个时间类Time,数据成员包括时.分.秒,SetTime(int h,int m,int s)和PrintTime()函数分别用于设置时间和显示时间,在此基础上

C++第8周(春)项目4 扩充String类

课程首页在:http://blog.csdn.net/sxhelijian/article/details/11890759,内有完整教学方案及资源链接 [项目4-扩充String类]在P324基础上,在String类中增加一个数据成员len表示字符串中字符个数,然后再构造String类的加.减运算.其中,s1 + s2将两个字符串的连接起来:s1 - s2是将s1的尾部空格和s2的前导空格去除后的连接. 参考解答: #include <iostream> #include <Cstri