Virtual IP address

只是翻译一下维基百科的内容。

概念

虚拟IP地址（VIP或VIPA）是一个IP地址指向多个应用程序驻留的单个服务器，多个域名，或者多个服务器，而不是被指向一个特定的服务器或网卡（NIC）。传入的数据包会发送到虚拟地址并路由到真实的网络接口。

一个服务器IP地址依赖于网卡上的MAC地址。并且每一个逻辑IP地址只能指向一个网卡。然而，VIP地址能够让若干不同应用和虚拟应用的服务器集合只使用一个逻辑IP地址。

VIP有若干变化和实现场景，包括通用地址冗余协议（CARP）和代理地址解析协议（proxy ARP）。

使用

VIPs大多用于合并资源通过为每个应用群分配一个网络接口。

它也用于连接冗余，通过为每个机器提供备用的故障恢复。一个VIP地址会在主机或网卡失效时依然保持有效，因为备用计算机或网卡会答复连接。

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时间： 2024-12-10 05:29:46

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