MQ全称为Message Queue, 消息队列(MQ)是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。应用程序通过读写出入队列的消息(针对应用程序的数据)来通信，而无需专用连接来链接它们。消息传递指的是程序之间通过在消息中发送数据进行通信，而不是通过直接调用彼此来通信，直接调用通常是用于诸如远程过程调用的技术。排队指的是应用程序通过 队列来通信。队列的使用除去了接收和发送应用程序同时执行的要求。其中较为成熟的MQ产品有IBM WEBSPHERE MQ等等。
RabbitMQ 简介
安装RabbitMQ的消息代理软件,实现了AMQP(高级消息队列协议)
RabbitMQ 教程： http://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html
RabbitMQ 安装：http://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html
RabbitMQ 安装
# Install from EPEL
[root@vdevops~]# yum --enablerepo=epel -y install rabbitmq-server
[root@vdevops~]# systemctl start rabbitmq-server
[root@vdevops /]# journalctl -xe
Nov 12 01:30:01 vdevops.org CROND[3856]: (root) CMD (/usr/lib64/sa/sa1 1 1)
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org rabbitmqctl[3831]: DIAGNOSTICS
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org rabbitmqctl[3831]: ===========
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org rabbitmqctl[3831]: attempted to contact: [rabbit@vdevops]
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org rabbitmqctl[3831]: rabbit@vdevops:
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org rabbitmqctl[3831]: * unable to connect to epmd (port 4369) on vdevops: timeout (timed out)
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org rabbitmqctl[3831]: current node details:
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org rabbitmqctl[3831]: - node name: rabbitmqctl3831@vdevops
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org rabbitmqctl[3831]: - home dir: /var/lib/rabbitmq
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org rabbitmqctl[3831]: - cookie hash: s++dDMtIhAufFItw+ercBw==
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org polkitd[1007]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:3798:36632 (system bus name :1.23, object path /org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent, locale en_US.UTF-8) (disconnected f
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org systemd[1]: rabbitmq-server.service: control process exited, code=exited status=2
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org systemd[1]: Failed to start RabbitMQ broker.
-- Subject: Unit rabbitmq-server.service has failed -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel -- -- Unit rabbitmq-server.service has failed. -- -- The result is failed. Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org systemd[1]: Unit rabbitmq-server.service entered failed state. Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org systemd[1]: rabbitmq-server.service failed. Nov 12 01:30:42 vdevops.org systemd[1]: Got automount request for /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc, triggered by 3860 (find) Nov 12 01:30:42 vdevops.org systemd[1]: Mounting Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System... -- Subject: Unit proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount has begun start-up -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel -- -- Unit proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount has begun starting up. Nov 12 01:30:42 vdevops.org systemd[1]: Mounted Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System. -- Subject: Unit proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount has finished start-up -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel -- -- Unit proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount has finished starting up. -- -- The start-up result is done.
rabbitmq-server启动报错：Failed to start RabbitMQ broker
度娘解析：主机hostname配置错误，原本hostname为vdevops.org,更改为vdevops，修改hosts文件中hostname设置
# Install from EPEL
[root@vdevops~]# yum --enablerepo=epel -y install rabbitmq-server
[root@vdevops~]# systemctl start rabbitmq-server
[root@vdevops /]# journalctl -xe
Nov 12 01:30:01 vdevops.org CROND[3856]: (root) CMD (/usr/lib64/sa/sa1 1 1)
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org rabbitmqctl[3831]: DIAGNOSTICS
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org rabbitmqctl[3831]: ===========
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org rabbitmqctl[3831]: attempted to contact: [rabbit@vdevops]
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org rabbitmqctl[3831]: rabbit@vdevops:
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org rabbitmqctl[3831]: * unable to connect to epmd (port 4369) on vdevops: timeout (timed out)
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org rabbitmqctl[3831]: current node details:
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org rabbitmqctl[3831]: - node name: rabbitmqctl3831@vdevops
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org rabbitmqctl[3831]: - home dir: /var/lib/rabbitmq
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org rabbitmqctl[3831]: - cookie hash: s++dDMtIhAufFItw+ercBw==
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org polkitd[1007]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:3798:36632 (system bus name :1.23, object path /org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent, locale en_US.UTF-8) (disconnected f
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org systemd[1]: rabbitmq-server.service: control process exited, code=exited status=2
Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org systemd[1]: Failed to start RabbitMQ broker.
-- Subject: Unit rabbitmq-server.service has failed -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel -- -- Unit rabbitmq-server.service has failed. -- -- The result is failed. Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org systemd[1]: Unit rabbitmq-server.service entered failed state. Nov 12 01:30:04 vdevops.org systemd[1]: rabbitmq-server.service failed. Nov 12 01:30:42 vdevops.org systemd[1]: Got automount request for /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc, triggered by 3860 (find) Nov 12 01:30:42 vdevops.org systemd[1]: Mounting Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System... -- Subject: Unit proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount has begun start-up -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel -- -- Unit proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount has begun starting up. Nov 12 01:30:42 vdevops.org systemd[1]: Mounted Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System. -- Subject: Unit proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount has finished start-up -- Defined-By: systemd -- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel -- -- Unit proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount has finished starting up. -- -- The start-up result is done.
防火墙设置
[root@linuxprobe~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=5672/tcp --permanent success [root@linuxprobe~]# firewall-cmd --reload success
要使用RabbitMQ，请先添加用户
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqctl add_user linuxprobe password
Creating user "linuxprobe" ...
...done.
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqctl list_users
Listing users ...
guest [administrator]
linuxprobe []
...done.
# granting admin role to a user is like follows
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqctl change_password linuxprobe strongpassword
Changing password for user "linuxprobe" ...
...done.
# granting admin role to a user is like follows
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqctl set_user_tags linuxprobe administrator
Setting tags for user "linuxprobe" to [administrator] ...
...done.
# deleting a user is like follows
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqctl delete_user linuxprobe
Deleting user "linuxprobe " ...
...done.
要使用RabbitMQ，也要添加虚拟主机
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqctl add_vhost /my_vhost
Creating vhost "/my_vhost" ...
...done.
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqctl list_vhosts
Listing vhosts ...
/
/my_vhost
...done.
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqctl delete_vhost /my_vhost
Deleting vhost "/my_vhost" ...
...done.
给虚拟主机的用户授予权限，请如下配置
# rabbitmqctl set_permissions [-p vhost] [user] [permission ? (modify) (write) (read)]
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p /my_vhost linuxprobe ".*" ".*" ".*"
Setting permissions for user "linuxprobe" in vhost "/my_vhost" ...
...done.
#
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqctl list_user_permissions linuxprobe
Listing permissions for user "linuxprobe" ...
/my_vhost .* .* .*
...done.
# deleting permission of a specific user is like follows
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqctl clear_permissions -p /my_vhost linuxprobe
Clearing permissions for user "linuxprobe" in vhost "/my_vhost" ...
...done.
RabbitMQ：使用Web UI
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
The following plugins have been enabled: mochiweb webmachine rabbitmq_web_dispatch amqp_client rabbitmq_management_agent rabbitmq_management Plugin configuration has changed. Restart RabbitMQ for changes to take effect. [root@vdevops ~]# systemctl restart rabbitmq-server
客户端访问
http://vdevops:15672/
rabbitmqadmin使用
可以配置RabbitMQ使用rabbitmqadmin命
在Web UI上下载rabbitmqadmin。 登录到Web UI并移动到“http：//(主机名或IP地址)：15672 / cli”，然后显示以下屏幕，您可以在这里下载rabbitmqadmin，点击here右键保存rabbitmqadmin.txt，然后上传到服务器上面更改为rabbitmqadmin，并添加执行权限
将rabbitmqadmin上传到RabbitMQ服务器并设置合适的权限，此示例显示如下设置
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/bin/rabbitmqadmin
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 36112 Nov 11 17:23 /usr/local/bin/rabbitmqadmin
[root@vdevops bin]# rabbitmqadmin list users
+------------+------------------------------+---------------+ | name | password_hash | tags | +------------+------------------------------+---------------+ | guest | k2rhpzCrZBKkY5WRhUWrGm5DCkg= | administrator | | linuxprobe | P+YxK1QXIYrJpek5i//rPjn5SME= | administrator | +------------+------------------------------+---------------+ [root@vdevops bin]# cd [root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqadmin list users +------------+------------------------------+---------------+ | name | password_hash | tags | +------------+------------------------------+---------------+ | guest | k2rhpzCrZBKkY5WRhUWrGm5DCkg= | administrator | | linuxprobe | P+YxK1QXIYrJpek5i//rPjn5SME= | administrator | +------------+------------------------------+---------------+ [root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqadmin list vhosts +-----------+---------+ | name | tracing | +-----------+---------+ | / | False | | /my_vhost | False | +-----------+---------+
rabbitmqadmin 更多使用教程参考：http://www.rabbitmq.com/management-cli.html
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqadmin declare user name=centos password=password tags=administrator
user declared
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqadmin declare permission vhost=/vhost01 user=centos configure=".*" write=".*" read=".*"
*** vhost_or_user_not_found
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqadmin declare vhost name=/vhost01
vhost declared
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqadmin declare permission vhost=/vhost01 user=centos configure=".*" write=".*" read=".*"
permission declared
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqadmin -V /vhost01 -u centos -p password declare queue name=my_queue01
queue declared
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqadmin -V /vhost01 -u centos -p password publish routing_key=my_queue01 payload='Hello RabbitMQ World!' exchange=amq.default
Message published
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqadmin -V /vhost01 -u centos -p password get queue=my_queue01 requeue=false
+-------------+----------+---------------+-----------------------+---------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
<>| routing_key | exchange | message_count | payload | payload_bytes | payload_encoding | properties | redelivered |
+-------------+----------+---------------+-----------------------+---------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
| my_queue01 | | 0 | Hello RabbitMQ World! | 21 | string | | False |
+-------------+----------+---------------+-----------------------+---------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqadmin -V /vhost01 -u centos -p password publish routing_key=my_queue01 payload='Hello LinuxProbe!' exchange=amq.default
Message published
[root@vdevops ~]# rabbitmqadmin -V /vhost01 -u centos -p password get queue=my_queue01 requeue=false
+-------------+----------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
| routing_key | exchange | message_count | payload | payload_bytes | payload_encoding | properties | redelivered |
+-------------+----------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
| my_queue01 | | 0 | Hello LinuxProbe! | 17 | string | | False |
+-------------+----------+---------------+-------------------+---------------+------------------+------------+-------------+
作者：王辉
来源：51CTO