Chapter 2: Layout Management（一）

scroll.grid(column=0, columnspan=3, sticky='WE') # sticky='WE'

(WEST,EAST)该属性左右对其，做下面的测试时可以注释查看效果

在frame中嵌入frame以调整样式，在sticky中加入约束，EWSN东西南北对其也可以使用tk.W等代替

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# import
import tkinter as tk  # 1 imports
from tkinter import ttk

from tkinter import scrolledtext as st

win = tk.Tk()  # 2 Create instance
win.title("Python GUI")  # 3 Add a title
# win.resizable(0, 0)           # 4 Disable resizing the GUI

# We are creating a container frame to hold all other widgets
monty = ttk.LabelFrame(win, text=' Monty Python')
# monty = ttk.LabelFrame(win, )
monty.grid(column=0, row=0)

# add a label                   #4
aLabel = ttk.Label(monty, text="输入文本：")
aLabel.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=tk.W)  # 5

ttk.Label(monty, text="choose a number").grid(column=1, row=0, sticky=tk.W)
number = tk.StringVar()

# only be able to select the values we have programmed into the Combobox:state="readonly"
numberChosen = ttk.Combobox(monty, width=12, textvariable=number, state="readonly")
numberChosen.grid(column=1, row=1, sticky=tk.W)
numberChosen["values"] = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12)
numberChosen.current(3)

def clickMe():
    action.configure(text="hello " + name.get() + "-" + number.get())
    # aLabel.configure(foreground="red")

# add a button                   #4
action = ttk.Button(monty, text="点我", command=clickMe)
action.grid(column=2, row=1)
# action.configure(state="disabled")  # Disable the Button Widget

# Adding a Textbox Entry widget    # 5
name = tk.StringVar()
nameEntered = ttk.Entry(monty, width=12, textvariable=name)
nameEntered.grid(column=0, row=1, sticky=tk.W)
nameEntered.focus()  # Place cursor into name Entry

# Creating three checkbuttons    # 1
# 0 (unchecked) or 1 (checked) so the type of the variable is a tkinter integer.
chVarDis = tk.IntVar()  # 2
check1 = tk.Checkbutton(monty, text="Disabled", variable=chVarDis, state='disabled')  # 3
check1.select()  # 4
check1.grid(column=0, row=4, sticky=tk.W)  # 5

chVarUn = tk.IntVar()  # 6
check2 = tk.Checkbutton(monty, text="UnChecked", variable=chVarUn)
check2.deselect()  # 8
check2.grid(column=1, row=4, sticky=tk.W)  # 9

chVarEn = tk.IntVar()  # 10
check3 = tk.Checkbutton(monty, text="Enabled", variable=chVarEn)
check3.select()  # 12
check3.grid(column=2, row=4, sticky=tk.W)  # 13

tk.Scrollbar()

# 代码重构（refactor our code）
# First, we change our Radiobutton global variables into a list.
colors = ["DarkSalmon", "honeydew", "AliceBlue"]
# create three Radiobuttons using one variable
radVar = tk.IntVar()
print(radVar)
# Next we are selecting a non-existing index value for radVar.
# (如果不设置为range范围外的值，初始化页面默认会选中第一个并且不会触发变更背景色的回调函数)
radVar.set(99)
# We have also changed the callback function to be zero-based, using the list instead of module-level global variables.
# Radiobutton callback function
def radCall():
    radSel = radVar.get()
    if radSel == 0:
        win.configure(background=colors[0])
    elif radSel == 1:
        win.configure(background=colors[1])
    elif radSel == 2:
        win.configure(background=colors[2])
# Now we are creating all three Radiobutton widgets within one loop.
for col in range(3):
    curRad = 'rad' + str(col)
    curRad = tk.Radiobutton(monty, text=colors[col], variable=radVar, value=col, command=radCall)
    curRad.grid(column=col, row=5, sticky=tk.W)

# Using a scrolled Text control
scrollW = 30
scrollH = 3
scroll = st.ScrolledText(monty, width=scrollW, height=scrollH, wrap=tk.WORD)
scroll.grid(column=0, columnspan=3, sticky='WE') # sticky='WE' 该属性左右对其，做下面的测试时可以注释查看效果
# scroll.grid(column=0, columnspan=3)

# Create a container to hold labels(label的长度取决于LabelFrame标题的长度，当添加的LabelFrame组件的长度大于硬编码的组件大小时，
# 我们会自动将这些组件移动到column 0 列的中心，并在组件左右两侧填充空白，具体可以参看下列两行的区别)
labelsFrame = ttk.LabelFrame(monty, text=' Labels in a Frame ')
# labelsFrame = ttk.LabelFrame(win)
# labelsFrame.grid(column=0, row=7, padx=20, pady=40)
labelsFrame.grid(column=0, row=7)

# Place labels into the container element # 2
ttk.Label(labelsFrame, text='Label 1').grid(column=0, row=0)
ttk.Label(labelsFrame, text='Label 2').grid(column=0, row=1)
ttk.Label(labelsFrame, text='Label 3').grid(column=0, row=2)
# Place cursor into name Entry
nameEntered.focus()
#
# for child in labelsFrame.winfo_children():
#     child.grid_configure(padx=8, pady=4)

win.mainloop()  # 5 Start GUI

最终效果图：

Paste_Image.png