1.概念及扩展
VideoView 是android 系统提供的一个媒体播放显示和控制的控件。其结构层次如下:
原型:VideoView extends SurfaceView implements MediaController.MediaPlayerControl
类结构:
java.lang.Object
↳ android.view.View
↳ android.view.SurfaceView
↳ android.widget.VideoView
通过VideoView 的原型可知:如果构建更为复杂和有特色个性的视频View,需要继承SurfaceView 和实现MediaPlayerControl接口。其中SurfaceView 为显示提供支持,MediaPlayerControl则为媒体控制提供了支持。
2.案例
1)VideoView案例
(我们没有管理MediaPalyer的各种状态,这些状态都让VideoView给封装了,并且,当VideoView创建的时候,MediaPalyer对象将会创建,当VideoView对象销毁的时候,MediaPlayer对象将会释放。)
布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"> <VideoView android:id="@+id/video_view" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_centerInParent="true" /> </LinearLayout>
主程序:
public class VideoPlayer extends Activity implements MediaPlayer.OnErrorListener, MediaPlayer.OnCompletionListener { public static final String TAG = "VideoPlayer"; private VideoView mVideoView; private Uri mUri; private int mPositionWhenPaused = -1; private MediaController mMediaController; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); //Set the screen to landscape. this.setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE); mVideoView = (VideoView)findViewById(R.id.video_view); //Video file mUri = Uri.parse(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/1.3gp"); //Create media controller,组件可以控制视频的播放,暂停,回复,seek等操作,不需要你实现 mMediaController = new MediaController(this); mVideoView.setMediaController(mMediaController); } public void onStart() { // Play Video mVideoView.setVideoURI(mUri); mVideoView.start(); super.onStart(); } public void onPause() { // Stop video when the activity is pause. mPositionWhenPaused = mVideoView.getCurrentPosition(); mVideoView.stopPlayback(); super.onPause(); } public void onResume() { // Resume video player if(mPositionWhenPaused >= 0) { mVideoView.seekTo(mPositionWhenPaused); mPositionWhenPaused = -1; } super.onResume(); } public boolean onError(MediaPlayer player, int arg1, int arg2) { return false; } public void onCompletion(MediaPlayer mp) { this.finish(); } }
2)自定义VideoView
和VideoView实现类似,继承了SurfaceView并且实现了MediaPlayerControl。
public class CustomerVideoView extends SurfaceView implements MediaPlayerControl { private static String TAG = "customer.videoplayer"; private boolean pause; private boolean seekBackward; private boolean seekForward; private Uri videoUri; private MediaPlayer mediaPlayer; private Context context; private OnPreparedListener onPreparedListener; private int videoWidth; private int videoHeight; private MediaController mediaController; protected SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder; private Callback surfaceHolderCallback = new SurfaceHolder.Callback() { public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int w, int h) { } public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { surfaceHolder = holder; if (mediaPlayer != null) { mediaPlayer.setDisplay(surfaceHolder); resume(); } else { openVideo(); } } public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { surfaceHolder = null; if (mediaController != null) { mediaController.hide(); } release(true); } }; private void release(boolean cleartargetstate) { if (mediaPlayer != null) { mediaPlayer.reset(); mediaPlayer.release(); mediaPlayer = null; } } public void resume() { if (surfaceHolder == null) { return; } if (mediaPlayer != null) { return; } openVideo(); } public CustomerVideoView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) { super(context, attrs, defStyle); this.context = context; this.initVideoView(); } public CustomerVideoView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); this.context = context; this.initVideoView(); } public CustomerVideoView(Context context) { super(context); this.context = context; this.initVideoView(); } @Override public boolean canPause() { return this.pause; } @Override public boolean canSeekBackward() { return this.seekBackward; } @Override public boolean canSeekForward() { return this.seekForward; } @Override public int getBufferPercentage() { return 0; } @Override public int getCurrentPosition() { return mediaPlayer!=null?mediaPlayer.getCurrentPosition():0; } @Override public int getDuration() { return mediaPlayer!=null?mediaPlayer.getDuration():0; } @Override public boolean isPlaying() { return false; } @Override public void pause() { } @Override public void seekTo(int mSec) { } @Override public void start() { } public void setVideoURI(Uri uri) { this.videoUri = uri; openVideo(); requestLayout(); invalidate(); } private void openVideo() { this.mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer(); try { this.mediaPlayer.setDataSource(this.context, this.videoUri); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage()); throw new RuntimeException(e); } this.mediaPlayer.prepareAsync(); this.mediaPlayer.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC); this.mediaPlayer.setOnPreparedListener(onPreparedListener); attachMediaController(); } private void attachMediaController() { if (mediaPlayer != null && mediaController != null) { mediaController.setMediaPlayer(this); View anchorView = this.getParent() instanceof View ? (View) this .getParent() : this; mediaController.setAnchorView(anchorView); mediaController.setEnabled(true); } } public void setMediaController(MediaController controller) { if (mediaController != null) { mediaController.hide(); } mediaController = controller; attachMediaController(); } public void setOnPreparedListener(OnPreparedListener onPreparedListener) { this.onPreparedListener = onPreparedListener; } @Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { int width = getDefaultSize(videoWidth, widthMeasureSpec); int height = getDefaultSize(videoHeight, heightMeasureSpec); if (videoWidth > 0 && videoHeight > 0) { if (videoWidth * height > width * videoHeight) { height = width * videoHeight / videoWidth; } else if (videoWidth * height < width * videoHeight) { width = height * videoWidth / videoHeight; } } Log.i(TAG, "setting size: " + width + ‘x’ + height); setMeasuredDimension(width, height); } private void initVideoView() { videoWidth = 0; videoHeight = 0; getHolder().addCallback(surfaceHolderCallback); getHolder().setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS); setFocusable(true); setFocusableInTouchMode(true); requestFocus(); } }
一般情况下,android界面的绘制和更新,要交给主ui线程来操作,通过Handler机制。但是播放视频,需要比较优先和实时的改变和绘制界面。android提供了使用单独线程绘制UI的机制,就是SurfaceView。使用SurfaceView,需要实现SurfaceHolder.Callback接口:
surfaceCreated,在Surface(SurfaceView内部包含一个Surface实例)创建后,会立即调用该方法,可在该方法中做绘制界面相关的初始化工作;
surfaceChanged,当Surface的状态发生变化,比如大小,会调用该方法,在surfaceCreated方法调用过至少会调用一次该方法;
surfaceDestroyed,当销毁Surface的时候调用。
开发者不能直接操作Surface实例,要通过SurfaceHandler,在SurfaceView中可以通过getHandler方法获取到SurfaceHandler实例。
SurfaceHander有一些类型,用来标识Surface实例界面数据来源,可以通过setType来操作:
SURFACE_TYPE_NORMAL:RAM缓存的原生数据
SURFACE_TYPE_HARDWARE:通过DMA,direct memory access,就是直接写屏技术获取到的数据,或者其他硬件加速的数据
SURFACE_TYPE_GPU:通过GPU加速的数据
SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS:标识数据来源于其他对象,比如照相机,比如视频播放服务器(android内部有视频播放的服务器,所有播放视频相当于客户端)
CustomerVideoView的构造方法,使用超类的构造方法。都会执行initVideoView()方法用来初始化界面和参数。另外一个主要的内容是openVideo()方法:
mediaPlayer.prepareAsync(),用来异步准备播放,另外还有个prepare()方法,是同步的,也就是全部下载完毕才能播放,显然,在播放网上视频的时候需要用前者;
通过attachMediaController()方法,把控制条附加到播放视频的SurfaceView上,这里实现的不完全,因此还不能使 用,仅仅是把MediaPlayerControl实例通过setMediaPlayer方法设置一下,供OnPreparedListener用来得到 加载成功的回调,另外供外面代码调用得到视频的时长和当前时长。