此篇文章来看下如果进入oracle的数据库.
[oracle@oracle01 tools]$ ps -elf | grep ora_ | grep orcl #查看进程
0 S oracle 12438 1 0 80 0 - 185418 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl
0 S oracle 12440 1 0 80 0 - 185418 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:01 ora_psp0_orcl
0 S oracle 12442 1 1 58 - - 185418 hrtime 12:50 ? 00:01:24 ora_vktm_orcl
0 S oracle 12446 1 0 80 0 - 185845 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_orcl
0 S oracle 12448 1 0 80 0 - 185418 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl
0 S oracle 12452 1 0 80 0 - 185418 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl
0 S oracle 12454 1 0 80 0 - 186666 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:01 ora_dbrm_orcl
0 S oracle 12456 1 0 80 0 - 185418 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_vkrm_orcl
0 S oracle 12458 1 0 80 0 - 186058 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:04 ora_dia0_orcl
0 S oracle 12460 1 0 80 0 - 188392 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:01 ora_dbw0_orcl
0 S oracle 12462 1 0 80 0 - 186745 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:01 ora_lgwr_orcl
0 S oracle 12464 1 0 80 0 - 186489 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:05 ora_ckpt_orcl
0 S oracle 12466 1 0 80 0 - 186413 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl
0 S oracle 12468 1 0 80 0 - 186674 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl
0 S oracle 12470 1 0 80 0 - 186332 ep_pol 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_lreg_orcl
0 S oracle 12472 1 0 80 0 - 185418 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_pxmn_orcl
0 S oracle 12474 1 0 80 0 - 186206 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_rbal_orcl
0 S oracle 12476 1 0 80 0 - 186364 pipe_w 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_asmb_orcl
0 S oracle 12478 1 0 80 0 - 187523 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:09 ora_mmon_orcl
0 S oracle 12482 1 0 80 0 - 185880 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:04 ora_mmnl_orcl
0 S oracle 12484 1 0 80 0 - 187179 ep_pol 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl
0 S oracle 12486 1 0 80 0 - 200484 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_mark_orcl
0 S oracle 12488 1 0 80 0 - 185947 ep_pol 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl
0 S oracle 12516 1 0 80 0 - 185418 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_tmon_orcl
0 S oracle 12518 1 0 80 0 - 185417 hrtime 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_tt00_orcl
0 S oracle 12520 1 0 80 0 - 185418 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_smco_orcl
0 S oracle 12522 1 0 80 0 - 187305 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_w000_orcl
0 S oracle 12524 1 0 80 0 - 189511 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:01 ora_w001_orcl
0 S oracle 12526 1 0 80 0 - 186504 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_aqpc_orcl
0 S oracle 12530 1 0 80 0 - 185417 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_p000_orcl
0 S oracle 12532 1 0 80 0 - 185417 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_p001_orcl
0 S oracle 12534 1 0 80 0 - 185417 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_p002_orcl
0 S oracle 12536 1 0 80 0 - 185417 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_p003_orcl
0 S oracle 12541 1 0 80 0 - 188335 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:02 ora_cjq0_orcl
0 S oracle 12552 1 0 80 0 - 185890 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_qm02_orcl
0 S oracle 12556 1 0 80 0 - 186797 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_q002_orcl
0 S oracle 12558 1 0 80 0 - 185918 semtim 12:50 ? 00:00:00 ora_q003_orcl
0 S oracle 12916 1 0 80 0 - 186506 semtim 13:06 ? 00:00:00 ora_w002_orcl
0 S oracle 12922 1 0 80 0 - 186416 semtim 13:06 ? 00:00:00 ora_w003_orcl
0 S oracle 12924 1 0 80 0 - 185547 semtim 13:06 ? 00:00:00 ora_w004_orcl
0 S oracle 13646 1 0 80 0 - 185999 semtim 13:50 ? 00:00:03 ora_o000_orcl
0 S oracle 13899 1 0 80 0 - 185545 semtim 14:05 ? 00:00:00 ora_w005_orcl
0 S oracle 13908 1 0 80 0 - 185417 semtim 14:05 ? 00:00:00 ora_w006_orcl
[oracle@oracle01 tools]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl #设置默认登录库
[oracle@oracle01 tools]$ which sqlplus
/data/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/bin/sqlplus
进入oracle数据库：
Oracle PL/SQL
[oracle@oracle01 tools]$ sqlplus / as sysdba #本地oracle用户验证方式，不需要密码
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Sat Jul 2 14:31:06 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> conn hr/hr
ERROR:
ORA-28000: the account is locked
Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
SQL> alter user hr account unlock; #解锁hr账号
SP2-0640: Not connected
SQL> show user;
USER is "" #黑洞
SQL> alter user hr account unlock; #解锁hr账号
User altered.
SQL> alter user hr indentified by hr;
alter user hr indentified by hr
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00922: missing or invalid option
SQL> alter user hr identified by hr; #修改hr密码为hr
User altered.
SQL> conn hr/hr
Connected.
SQL> show user;
USER is "HR"
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
SQL> help index #命令帮助
Enter Help [topic] for help.
@ COPY PAUSE SHUTDOWN
@@ DEFINE PRINT SPOOL
/ DEL PROMPT SQLPLUS
ACCEPT DESCRIBE QUIT START
APPEND DISCONNECT RECOVER STARTUP
ARCHIVE LOG EDIT REMARK STORE
ATTRIBUTE EXECUTE REPFOOTER TIMING
BREAK EXIT REPHEADER TTITLE
BTITLE GET RESERVED WORDS (SQL) UNDEFINE
CHANGE HELP RESERVED WORDS (PL/SQL) VARIABLE
CLEAR HOST RUN WHENEVER OSERROR
COLUMN INPUT SAVE WHENEVER SQLERROR
COMPUTE LIST SET XQUERY
CONNECT PASSWORD SHOW
SQL> conn scott/admin123
Connected.
SQL> show user;
USER is "SCOTT"
SQL> select * from scott.dept'
2 ;
ERROR:
ORA-01756: quoted string not properly terminated
SQL> select * from scott.dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> list #上个命令
1* select * from scott.dept
SQL> l #list简写
1* select * from scott.dept
SQL> / #执行上个命令
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> ? list
LIST
----
Lists one or more lines of the most recently executed SQL command
or PL/SQL block which is stored in the SQL buffer. Enter LIST with
no clauses to list all lines. In SQL*Plus command-line you can also
use ";" to list all the lines in the SQL buffer. The buffer has no
command history list and does not record SQL*Plus commands.
L[IST] [n | n m | n * | n LAST | * | * n | * LAST | LAST]
SQL> define _editor=vi
SQL> ed
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 select * from scott.emp
2* where ename='SCOTT'
SQL> /
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000
20
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
SQL> save /tmp/2016.07.02.sql
Created file /tmp/2016.07.02.sql
SQL> host
[oracle@oracle01 tools]$ cat /tmp/2016.07.02.sql
select * from scott.emp
/
[oracle@oracle01 tools]$ quti
bash: quti: command not found
[oracle@oracle01 tools]$ exit
exit
SQL> host pwd
/byrd/tools
SQL> @ /tmp/2016.07.02.sql #远程脚本调用
SQL> get /tmp/2016.07.02.sql
1* select * from scott.emp
SQL> spool /tmp/oracle.log #日志记录
SQL> select * from scott.dept;
SQL> spool off #结束
SQL> host cat /tmp/oracle.log
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
SQL> show user;
USER is "SCOTT"
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> show users;
SP2-0158: unknown SHOW option "users"
[grid@oracle01 ~]$ crsctl status res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE oracle01 STABLE
ora.FRA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE oracle01 STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE oracle01 STABLE
ora.LISTERER2.lsnr
ONLINE OFFLINE oracle01 STABLE
ora.asm
ONLINE ONLINE oracle01 Started,STABLE
ora.ons
OFFLINE OFFLINE oracle01 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.cssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle01 STABLE
ora.diskmon
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.evmd
1 ONLINE ONLINE oracle01 STABLE
ora.orcl.db
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown,ST
ABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 402653184 bytes
Fixed Size 2924928 bytes
Variable Size 260050560 bytes
Database Buffers 134217728 bytes
Redo Buffers 5459968 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
[grid@oracle01 ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 02-JUL-2016 19:52:41
Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
Start Date 02-JUL-2016 10:13:16
Uptime 0 days 9 hr. 39 min. 25 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /data/app/grid/product/12.1.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /data/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/oracle01/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle01.db.hangzhou.t4x.org)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=oracle01.db.hangzhou.t4x.org)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/data/app/oracle/admin/orcl/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl.t4x.org" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB.t4x.org" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@oracle01 tools]$ netca
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Stopping Oracle Net Listener:
Listener stopped successfully.
Deleted listener: LISTERER2
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0