第一章代码重构

代码重构方便之后扩展（主要是循环生成Radiobuttion那里）

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# import
import tkinter as tk  # 1 imports
from tkinter import ttk

from tkinter import scrolledtext as st

win = tk.Tk()  # 2 Create instance
win.title("Python GUI")  # 3 Add a title
# win.resizable(0, 0)           # 4 Disable resizing the GUI

# add a label                   #4
aLabel = ttk.Label(win, text="输入文本：")
aLabel.grid(column=0, row=0)  # 5

ttk.Label(win, text="choose a number").grid(column=1, row=0)
number = tk.StringVar()

# only be able to select the values we have programmed into the Combobox:state="readonly"
numberChosen = ttk.Combobox(win, width=12, textvariable=number, state="readonly")
numberChosen.grid(column=1, row=1)
numberChosen["values"] = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12)
numberChosen.current(3)

def clickMe():
    action.configure(text="hello " + name.get() + "-" + number.get())
    # aLabel.configure(foreground="red")

# add a button                   #4
action = ttk.Button(win, text="点我", command=clickMe)
action.grid(column=3, row=1)
# action.configure(state="disabled")  # Disable the Button Widget

# Adding a Textbox Entry widget    # 5
name = tk.StringVar()
nameEntered = ttk.Entry(win, width=12, textvariable=name)
nameEntered.grid(column=0, row=1)
nameEntered.focus()  # Place cursor into name Entry

# Creating three checkbuttons    # 1
# 0 (unchecked) or 1 (checked) so the type of the variable is a tkinter integer.
chVarDis = tk.IntVar()  # 2
check1 = tk.Checkbutton(win, text="Disabled", variable=chVarDis, state='disabled')  # 3
check1.select()  # 4
check1.grid(column=0, row=4, sticky=tk.W)  # 5

chVarUn = tk.IntVar()  # 6
check2 = tk.Checkbutton(win, text="UnChecked", variable=chVarUn)
check2.deselect()  # 8
check2.grid(column=1, row=4, sticky=tk.W)  # 9

chVarEn = tk.IntVar()  # 10
check3 = tk.Checkbutton(win, text="Enabled", variable=chVarEn)
check3.select()  # 12
check3.grid(column=2, row=4, sticky=tk.W)  # 13

# Radiobutton Globals #1
# COLOR1 = "DarkSalmon" #2
# COLOR2 = "honeydew" #3
# COLOR3 = "AliceBlue" #4
# Radiobutton Callback # 5
# create three Radiobuttons using one variable(绑定到一个变量上可以在单选按钮中只选中一个)
# radVar = tk.IntVar()
# def radCall(): #6
#       radSel=radVar.get()
#       if   radSel == 1: win.configure(background=COLOR1)
#       elif radSel == 2: win.configure(background=COLOR2)
#       elif radSel == 3: win.configure(background=COLOR3)
#
# rad1 = tk.Radiobutton(win, text=COLOR1, variable=radVar, value=1, command=radCall)              # 9
# rad1.grid(column=0, row=5, sticky=tk.W)  # 10
# rad2 = tk.Radiobutton(win, text=COLOR2, variable=radVar, value=2, command=radCall)                             # 11
# rad2.grid(column=1, row=5, sticky=tk.W)  # 12
# rad3 = tk.Radiobutton(win, text=COLOR3, variable=radVar, value=3, command=radCall)                             # 13
# rad3.grid(column=2, row=5, sticky=tk.W)  # 14

# 代码重构（refactor our code）
# First, we change our Radiobutton global variables into a list.
colors = ["DarkSalmon", "honeydew", "AliceBlue"]
# create three Radiobuttons using one variable
radVar = tk.IntVar()
# Next we are selecting a non-existing index value for radVar.
# (如果不设置为range范围外的值，初始化页面默认会选中第一个并且不会触发变更背景色的回调函数)
radVar.set(99)
# We have also changed the callback function to be zero-based, using the list instead of module-level global variables.
# Radiobutton callback function
def radCall():
    radSel = radVar.get()
    if radSel == 0:
        win.configure(background=colors[0])
    elif radSel == 1:
        win.configure(background=colors[1])
    elif radSel == 2:
        win.configure(background=colors[2])
# Now we are creating all three Radiobutton widgets within one loop.
for col in range(3):
    curRad = 'rad' + str(col)
    curRad = tk.Radiobutton(win, text=colors[col], variable=radVar, value=col, command=radCall)
    curRad.grid(column=col, row=5, sticky=tk.W)

# Using a scrolled Text control
scrollW = 30
scrollH = 3
scroll = st.ScrolledText(win, width=scrollW, height=scrollH, wrap=tk.WORD)
scroll.grid(column=0, columnspan=3)
scroll.focus()

win.mainloop()  # 5 Start GUI

运行效果图

Paste_Image.png

更多颜色参考：http://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.5/TkCmd/colors.htm