关于PostgreSQL的逻辑架构和权限体系，可以参考

本文将给大家介绍一下如何批量管理表，视图，物化视图的权限。
以及如何管理默认权限，批量赋予schema的权限。

对整个schema的对象进行权限管理

PostgreSQL 从9.0开始就提供了比较方便的对整个schema的指定对象赋权给目标用的语法。
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/static/sql-grant.html
例子

GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
    [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
    ON { [ TABLE ] table_name [, ...]
         | ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA schema_name [, ...] }
    TO role_specification [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
    { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
    [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
    ON { [ TABLE ] table_name [, ...]
         | ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA schema_name [, ...] }
    FROM { [ GROUP ] role_name | PUBLIC } [, ...]
    [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

将schema digoal下的所有表的select,update权限赋予给test用户。
注意
如果digoal.*中包含了非当前用户的表，并且当前用户非超级用户，并且当前用户没有这些表的select,update的with grant option权限。将报错。
换句话说，如果要确保这个赋权操作万无一失，可以选择使用超级用户来执行。

grant select,update on all tables in schema digoal to test;

将schema digoal下的所有表的select,update权限从test用户回收。

revoke select,update on all tables in schema digoal from test;

在对整个schema下的所有对象的权限管理完后， 别忘记了在对象之上，还需要对schema、database、instance进行相应的赋权。

如何设置用户创建的对象的默认权限

另一个问题，如何设置用户新建的对象的默认权限?
在PostgreSQL 9.0以后新加的语法：
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/static/sql-alterdefaultprivileges.html
例如

ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
    [ FOR { ROLE | USER } target_role [, ...] ]
    [ IN SCHEMA schema_name [, ...] ]
    abbreviated_grant_or_revoke

where abbreviated_grant_or_revoke is one of:

GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
    [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
    ON TABLES
    TO { [ GROUP ] role_name | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]

例子：
将digoal用户未来在public下面创建的表的select,update权限默认赋予给test用户.

postgres=> alter default privileges for role digoal in schema public grant select,update on tables to test;
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES

将test用户未来在public,digoal下面创建的表的select,update权限默认赋予给digoal用户.

postgres=# alter default privileges for role test in schema public,digoal grant select,update on tables to digoal;
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES

查看已经赋予的默认权限

postgres=> \ddp+
               Default access privileges
  Owner   | Schema | Type  |     Access privileges
----------+--------+-------+---------------------------
 digoal   | public | table | test=rw/digoal
 test     | digoal | table | digoal=rw/test
 test     | public | table | digoal=rw/test

或

SELECT pg_catalog.pg_get_userbyid(d.defaclrole) AS "Owner",
  n.nspname AS "Schema",
  CASE d.defaclobjtype WHEN 'r' THEN 'table' WHEN 'S' THEN 'sequence' WHEN 'f' THEN 'function' WHEN 'T' THEN 'type' END AS "Type",
  pg_catalog.array_to_string(d.defaclacl, E'\n') AS "Access privileges"
FROM pg_catalog.pg_default_acl d
     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = d.defaclnamespace
ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;

  Owner   | Schema | Type  |     Access privileges
----------+--------+-------+---------------------------
 digoal   | public | table | test=rw/digoal
 postgres |        | table | postgres=arwdDxt/postgres+
          |        |       | digoal=arwdDxt/postgres
 test     | digoal | table | digoal=rw/test
 test     | public | table | digoal=rw/test
(4 rows)

如何定制批量管理权限

将"指定用户" owne 的表、视图、物化视图的"指定权限"赋予给"指定用户"，并排除"指定对象"
这个需求需要写一个函数来完成，如下

create or replace function g_or_v
(
  g_or_v text,   -- 输入 grant or revoke 表示赋予或回收
  own name,      -- 指定用户 owner
  target name,   -- 赋予给哪个目标用户 grant privilege to who?
  objtyp text,   --  对象类别: 表, 物化视图, 视图 object type 'r', 'v' or 'm', means table,view,materialized view
  exp text[],    --  排除哪些对象, 用数组表示, excluded objects
  priv text      --  权限列表, privileges, ,splits, like 'select,insert,update'
) returns void as $$
declare
  nsp name;
  rel name;
  sql text;
  tmp_nsp name := '';
begin
  for nsp,rel in select t2.nspname,t1.relname from pg_class t1,pg_namespace t2 where t1.relkind=objtyp and t1.relnamespace=t2.oid and t1.relowner=(select oid from pg_roles where rolname=own)
  loop
    if (tmp_nsp = '' or tmp_nsp <> nsp) and lower(g_or_v)='grant' then
      -- auto grant schema to target user
      sql := 'GRANT usage on schema "'||nsp||'" to '||target;
      execute sql;
      raise notice '%', sql;
    end if;

    tmp_nsp := nsp;

    if (exp is not null and nsp||'.'||rel = any (exp)) then
      raise notice '% excluded % .', g_or_v, nsp||'.'||rel;
    else
      if lower(g_or_v) = 'grant' then
        sql := g_or_v||' '||priv||' on "'||nsp||'"."'||rel||'" to '||target ;
      elsif lower(g_or_v) = 'revoke' then
        sql := g_or_v||' '||priv||' on "'||nsp||'"."'||rel||'" from '||target ;
      else
        raise notice 'you must enter grant or revoke';
      end if;
      raise notice '%', sql;
      execute sql;
    end if;
  end loop;
end;
$$ language plpgsql;

例子
将digoal用户的所有表(除了'public.test'和'public.abc')的select, update权限赋予给test用户.

postgres=# select g_or_v('grant', 'digoal', 'test', 'r', array['public.test', 'public.abc'], 'select, update');
NOTICE:  GRANT usage on schema "public" to test
NOTICE:  grant select, update on "public"."tb1l" to test
NOTICE:  grant select, update on "public"."new" to test
 g_or_v
--------

(1 row)

postgres=# \dp+ public.tb1l
                            Access privileges
 Schema | Name | Type  | Access privileges | Column privileges | Policies
--------+------+-------+-------------------+-------------------+----------
 public | tb1l | table | test=rw/digoal    |                   |
(1 row)
postgres=# \dp+ public.new
                              Access privileges
 Schema | Name | Type  |   Access privileges   | Column privileges | Policies
--------+------+-------+-----------------------+-------------------+----------
        |      |       | test=rw/digoal        |                   |
(1 row)

从 test 用户回收digoal用户的所有表(除了'public.test'和'public.abc')的update权限.

postgres=# select g_or_v('revoke', 'digoal', 'test', 'r', array['public.test', 'public.abc'], 'update');
NOTICE:  revoke update on "public"."tb1l" from test
NOTICE:  revoke update on "public"."new" from test
 g_or_v
--------

(1 row)

postgres=# \dp+ public.tb1l
                            Access privileges
 Schema | Name | Type  | Access privileges | Column privileges | Policies
--------+------+-------+-------------------+-------------------+----------
 public | tb1l | table | test=r/digoal     |                   |
(1 row)

postgres=# \dp+ public.new
                              Access privileges
 Schema | Name | Type  |   Access privileges   | Column privileges | Policies
--------+------+-------+-----------------------+-------------------+----------
        |      |       | test=r/digoal         |                   |
(1 row)

希望这个例子对PostgreSQL的用户有帮助。