写写空文件
$ dd bs=1 seek=2TB if=/dev/null of=test $ time dd if=/dev/zero of=/srv/file bs=1M count=1000
写随机文件
$ time dd if=/dev/urandom of=test.txt bs=1M count=1000
13.19.1. ext4 vs btrfs
$ cat /etc/fstab # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 /dev/sda1 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /opt was on /dev/sda7 during installation UUID=5ce518a4-0f46-4688-8002-84bac2330282 /opt btrfs defaults 0 2 # /srv was on /dev/sda6 during installation UUID=19573a64-f0a6-4250-a9fd-532e3d4e3477 /srv ext4 defaults 0 2 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=0f2e2f50-d989-47bf-afb7-7593888222cf none swap sw 0 0
neo@neo-Vostro-3400:~$ time dd if=/dev/zero of=/srv/file bs=1M count=100 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.500941 s, 209 MB/s real 0m0.521s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.140s neo@neo-Vostro-3400:~$ time dd if=/dev/zero of=/srv/file bs=1M count=100 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.672553 s, 156 MB/s real 0m0.698s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.160s neo@neo-Vostro-3400:~$ time dd if=/dev/zero of=/opt/file bs=1M count=100 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.0987276 s, 1.1 GB/s real 0m0.133s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.120s neo@neo-Vostro-3400:~$ time dd if=/dev/zero of=/opt/file bs=1M count=100 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.101664 s, 1.0 GB/s real 0m0.134s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.140s neo@neo-Vostro-3400:~$ time dd if=/dev/zero of=/srv/file bs=1M count=1000 1000+0 records in 1000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 11.8609 s, 88.4 MB/s real 0m11.914s user 0m0.010s sys 0m1.360s neo@neo-Vostro-3400:~$ time dd if=/dev/zero of=/opt/file bs=1M count=1000 1000+0 records in 1000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 9.80331 s, 107 MB/s real 0m9.860s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.880s neo@neo-Vostro-3400:~$
13.19.2. xfs vs jfs vs reiserfs
$ cat /etc/fstab # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 # /dev/sda2 / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 UUID=8ce10c79-f97e-4585-8c07-75f64f043137 / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /dev/sda1 /boot ext3 defaults 0 2 UUID=35705945-65ed-437b-9f79-fd0e014d100c /boot ext3 defaults 0 2 # /dev/sda5 /home reiserfs defaults 0 2 UUID=f376adb7-e943-4805-892a-4fa457150b66 /home reiserfs defaults 0 2 # /dev/sda7 /srv xfs defaults 0 2 UUID=2ee5c516-707f-47dc-a6a6-0d49d5dc9829 /srv xfs defaults 0 2 # /dev/sda8 /var jfs defaults 0 2 UUID=2928ba86-72fb-4b60-adc2-0f7d47e62d03 /var jfs defaults 0 2 # /dev/sda6 /var/www ext3 defaults 0 2 UUID=34d3890f-a682-42ea-bdca-815f442e6539 /var/www ext3 defaults 0 2 # /dev/sda3 none swap sw 0 0 UUID=bf605f47-70bc-4653-be98-c8659f959e25 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/scd0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0
# XFS neo@deployment:~$ time dd if=/dev/zero of=/srv/file bs=1M count=100 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.0897329 s, 1.2 GB/s real 0m0.117s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.088s neo@deployment:~$ time dd if=/dev/zero of=/srv/file bs=1M count=1000 1000+0 records in 1000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 4.86382 s, 216 MB/s real 0m4.885s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.960s # JFS neo@deployment:~$ time dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/tmp/file bs=1M count=100 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.127605 s, 822 MB/s real 0m0.157s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.100s neo@deployment:~$ time dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/tmp/file bs=1M count=1000 1000+0 records in 1000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 9.58573 s, 109 MB/s real 0m9.597s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.988s # reiserfs neo@deployment:~$ time dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/neo/file bs=1M count=100 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.392038 s, 267 MB/s real 0m0.430s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.252s neo@deployment:~$ time dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/neo/file bs=1M count=1000 1000+0 records in 1000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 4.62378 s, 227 MB/s real 0m4.663s user 0m0.000s sys 0m2.592s # EXT3 neo@deployment:~$ time dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/www/file bs=1M count=100 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.189314 s, 554 MB/s real 0m0.207s user 0m0.004s sys 0m0.176s neo@deployment:~$ time dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/www/file bs=1M count=1000 1000+0 records in 1000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 6.46036 s, 162 MB/s real 0m7.460s user 0m0.008s sys 0m1.832s
13.19.3. RAID10 (146G*8) vs EMC VNX 5300 (8G Fibre Channel)
服务器RAID卡带宽是6G，而Fibre Channel目前是8G，ISCSI与FCoE 可以提供 10G带宽，InfiniBand可以提供120G带宽。
# cat /etc/fstab LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 LABEL=SWAP-sda3 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sda4 /home/oracle/rman ext3 defaults 0 2 /dev/sdb1 /opt/oracle ext3 defaults 0 2 /dev/emcpowerj1 /u02 ext3 defaults 0 0 # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 95G 7.8G 82G 9% / /dev/sda1 1.9G 42M 1.8G 3% /boot tmpfs 63G 534M 63G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda4 924G 619G 258G 71% /home/oracle/rman /dev/sdb1 1.1T 309G 735G 30% /opt/oracle /dev/emcpowerj1 296G 20G 261G 7% /u02
IBM X3850 G5
# time dd if=/dev/zero of=file bs=1M count=100 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.152702 seconds, 687 MB/s real 0m0.154s user 0m0.001s sys 0m0.153s # time dd if=/dev/zero of=file bs=1M count=1000 1000+0 records in 1000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 1.6589 seconds, 632 MB/s real 0m1.710s user 0m0.009s sys 0m1.657s # time dd if=/dev/zero of=file bs=1G count=2 2+0 records in 2+0 records out 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 3.48809 seconds, 616 MB/s real 0m5.899s user 0m0.000s sys 0m5.594s
EMC
# time dd if=/dev/zero of=file bs=1M count=100 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.175535 seconds, 597 MB/s real 0m0.178s user 0m0.001s sys 0m0.171s # time dd if=/dev/zero of=file bs=1M count=1000 1000+0 records in 1000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 1.67429 seconds, 626 MB/s real 0m1.718s user 0m0.002s sys 0m1.664s # time dd if=/dev/zero of=file bs=1G count=2 2+0 records in 2+0 records out 2147483648 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 3.46919 seconds, 619 MB/s real 0m3.757s user 0m0.002s sys 0m3.656s
13.19.4. Dell 2950(RAID5 500G SATA * 6) vs MD1200
# cat /etc/fstab # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=2fc411ec-9f6e-4e04-9270-11d23a9b0668 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda2 during installation UUID=f5175b7a-4c87-471c-ab9f-9d601bc5e6e2 none swap sw 0 0 UUID=3217bdd9-1beb-494a-a428-8d1c09eaa1af /backup ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 UUID=9bed3b85-bbc5-4aec-8c9a-8911712ea0c6 /backup1 ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 UUID=24bec385-2074-4eb5-8d24-22c33dc245d8 /backup2 ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 46G 8.6G 35G 20% / none 2.0G 212K 2.0G 1% /dev none 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm none 2.0G 9.0M 2.0G 1% /var/run none 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /var/lock none 46G 8.6G 35G 20% /var/lib/ureadahead/debugfs /dev/sda3 2.2T 2.0T 89G 96% /backup /dev/sdc1 7.2T 6.0T 887G 88% /backup2 /dev/sdb1 9.0T 7.0T 1.6T 83% /backup1
/dev/sda 是2950 RAID5 500G*6 1000RPM
/dev/sdb 是MD1200 RAID5 2T*6 7200RPM
/dev/sdc 是MD1200 RAID50 2T*6 7200RPM
root@backup:~# time dd if=/dev/zero of=/backup/file bs=1M count=100 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.156596 s, 670 MB/s real 0m0.242s user 0m0.010s sys 0m0.150s root@backup:~# time dd if=/dev/zero of=/backup/file bs=1M count=1000 1000+0 records in 1000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 4.61282 s, 227 MB/s real 0m4.763s user 0m0.000s sys 0m1.640s root@backup:~# time dd if=/dev/zero of=/backup/file bs=1G count=5 5+0 records in 5+0 records out 5368709120 bytes (5.4 GB) copied, 33.7263 s, 159 MB/s real 0m34.685s user 0m0.000s sys 0m13.070s root@backup:~# time dd if=/dev/zero of=/backup1/file bs=1M count=100 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.130451 s, 804 MB/s real 0m0.290s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.130s root@backup:~# time dd if=/dev/zero of=/backup1/file bs=1M count=1000 1000+0 records in 1000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 57.1654 s, 18.3 MB/s real 0m57.206s user 0m0.000s sys 0m1.580s root@backup:~# time dd if=/dev/zero of=/backup1/file bs=1G count=5 5+0 records in 5+0 records out 5368709120 bytes (5.4 GB) copied, 309.194 s, 17.4 MB/s real 5m9.762s user 0m0.000s sys 0m10.820s root@backup:~# time dd if=/dev/zero of=/backup2/file bs=1M count=100 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.145224 s, 722 MB/s real 0m0.333s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.130s root@backup:~# time dd if=/dev/zero of=/backup2/file bs=1M count=1000 1000+0 records in 1000+0 records out 1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 41.9185 s, 25.0 MB/s real 0m41.979s user 0m0.010s sys 0m1.930s root@backup:~# time dd if=/dev/zero of=/backup2/file bs=1G count=5 5+0 records in 5+0 records out 5368709120 bytes (5.4 GB) copied, 200.384 s, 26.8 MB/s real 3m20.850s user 0m0.000s sys 0m12.490s
原文出处：Netkiller 系列 手札
本文作者：陈景峯
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时间： 2024-11-09 05:10:50