啦啦毕业了，毕业前要写毕业设计，需要写一个简单的蓝牙APP进行交互，通过参考网上资料，问题顺利搞定，下面小编把具体实现思路分享给大家，供大家参考。
1、Android蓝牙编程
蓝牙3.0及以下版本编程需要使用UUID，UUID是通用唯一识别码（Universally Unique Identifier），这是一个软件构建的标准，也是被开源基金会组织应用在分布式计算环境领域的一部分。在蓝牙3.0及下一版本中，UUID被用于唯一标识一个服务，比如文件传输服务，串口服务、打印机服务等，如下：
#蓝牙串口服务 SerialPortServiceClass_UUID = '{00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB}' LANAccessUsingPPPServiceClass_UUID = '{00001102-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB}' #拨号网络服务 DialupNetworkingServiceClass_UUID = '{00001103-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB}' #信息同步服务 IrMCSyncServiceClass_UUID = '{00001104-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB}' SDP_OBEXObjectPushServiceClass_UUID = '{00001105-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB}' #文件传输服务 OBEXFileTransferServiceClass_UUID = '{00001106-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB}' IrMCSyncCommandServiceClass_UUID = '{00001107-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB}'
蓝牙的连接有主从设备，提供服务的可以认为是从设备。主设备通过UUID访问从设备提供具有相同UUID的服务，从而建立客服端—服务器（C/S）模式。
2、编程步骤
Android使用蓝牙，需要获得权限，蓝牙权限获得代码如下：
<!-- 蓝牙权限 --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
获取本地蓝牙适配器，如果蓝牙未开启，开启蓝牙设备：
bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); if (bluetoothAdapter == null) { // Device does not support Bluetooth return; } // 开启蓝牙 int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 1; if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); }
搜索已配对的蓝牙设备，并添加到已配对列表中：
// 查询配对设备 List<String> devices = new ArrayList<String>(); Set<BluetoothDevice> bondedDevices = bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices(); for (BluetoothDevice device : bondedDevices) { devices.add(device.getName() + "-" + device.getAddress()); }
搜索未配对蓝牙设备，并添加到未配对列表：
mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery(); //开始收索 搜索接收函数： final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { String action = intent.getAction(); // When discovery finds a device if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) { // Get the BluetoothDevice object from the Intent BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); // Add the name and address to an array adapter to show in a ListView mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress()); } } }; // 收索接收函数需要注册： // Register the BroadcastReceiver IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); // Don't forget to unregister during onDestroy
如果是服务器端，需要建立监听，注意监听的是某个服务的UUID，服务器监听类如下：
private class ConnectThread extends Thread { private final String MY_UUID = "00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"; private final BluetoothSocket socket; private final BluetoothDevice device; public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) { this.device = device; BluetoothSocket tmp = null; try { tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID.fromString(MY_UUID)); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } this.socket = tmp; } public void run() { bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); try { socket.connect(); connectedThread = new ConnectedThread(socket); connectedThread.start(); } catch (IOException e) { try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException ee) { ee.printStackTrace(); } return; } //manageConnectedSocket(socket); } public void cancel() { try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
客户端与服务器端建立连接成功后，需要ConnectedThread类接收发送数据：
// 客户端与服务器建立连接成功后，用ConnectedThread收发数据 private class ConnectedThread extends Thread { private final BluetoothSocket socket; private final InputStream inputStream; private final OutputStream outputStream; public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) { this.socket = socket; InputStream input = null; OutputStream output = null; try { input = socket.getInputStream(); output = socket.getOutputStream(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } this.inputStream = input; this.outputStream = output; } public void run() { byte[] buff = new byte[1024]; int bytes; while (true) { try { bytes = inputStream.read(buff); String str = new String(buff, "ISO-8859-1"); str = str.substring(0, bytes); Log.e("recv", str); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); break; } } } public void write(byte[] bytes) { try { outputStream.write(bytes); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void cancel() { try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
到此为止就是蓝牙开发的大致步骤，其中没有涉及到蓝牙客户端建立连接类，不过可查阅BLE和经典蓝牙Android开发。
3、毕设蓝牙APP介绍
毕设蓝牙APP需要接收单片机通过蓝牙模块发送上来的数据，并且蓝牙APP也可以给单片机发送数据来进行控制。页面布局如下，一个是整体页面，一个是设置页面，测试手机是魅蓝note。因为毕设做的是十字路口红绿灯控制系统，所有页面布局有4个LED灯，分别代表路口的4个红绿灯，会根据时间不同显示不同的颜色（红/绿/黄），并且会显示倒计时，最后来一张红绿灯系统整体图。
activity_main.xml文件如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context=".MainActivity"> <LinearLayout android:id="@+id/linear_layout_top" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="40dp"> <TextView android:id="@+id/notice_view" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="40dp" android:text="蓝牙未开启" android:layout_weight="3"/> <TextView android:id="@+id/notice_recv_view" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="30dp" android:layout_weight="3"/> <TextView android:id="@+id/notice_send_view" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="30dp" android:layout_weight="3"/> <Button android:id="@+id/turn_on_off" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="40dp" android:layout_weight="2" android:text="ON"/> </LinearLayout> <TextView android:id="@+id/led1" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:layout_below="@+id/linear_layout_top" android:layout_width="40dp" android:layout_height="20dp" android:gravity="center" android:text="LED1"/> <TextView android:id="@+id/led0" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:layout_below="@+id/led1" android:layout_width="40dp" android:layout_height="20dp" android:gravity="center" android:text="+"/> <TextView android:id="@+id/led3" android:layout_below="@+id/led1" android:layout_toLeftOf="@+id/led1" android:layout_width="40dp" android:layout_height="20dp" android:gravity="center" android:text="LED3"/> <TextView android:id="@+id/led2" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:layout_below="@+id/led3" android:layout_width="40dp" android:layout_height="20dp" android:gravity="center" android:text="LED2"/> <TextView android:id="@+id/led4" android:layout_below="@+id/led1" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/led1" android:layout_width="40dp" android:layout_height="20dp" android:gravity="center" android:text="LED4"/> <ScrollView android:id="@+id/scroll_view" android:layout_below="@+id/led2" android:layout_above="@+id/linear_layout_bottom" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <TextView android:id="@+id/recv_view" android:text="" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> </ScrollView> <LinearLayout android:id="@+id/linear_layout_bottom" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="50dp"> <Button android:id="@+id/clear_recv_view" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="clear" /> <EditText android:id="@+id/send_text" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="3" android:hint="输入框，默认@#结尾"/> <Button android:id="@+id/send" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="send" /> </LinearLayout> </RelativeLayout>
MainActivity.java文件如下：
package com.luoxn28.bluetooth; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket; import android.content.Intent; import android.graphics.Color; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Message; import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.ScrollView; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; import java.util.UUID; public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements View.OnClickListener { public static final int RECV_VIEW = 0; public static final int NOTICE_VIEW = 1; private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = null; private ConnectThread connectThread = null; private ConnectedThread connectedThread = null; private TextView noticeView = null; private Button turnOnOff = null; private TextView led0, led1, led2, led3, led4; ScrollView scrollView = null; private TextView recvView = null; private Button clearRecvView = null; private EditText sendText = null; private Button send = null; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); // 获取BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); if (bluetoothAdapter == null) { // Device does not support Bluetooth return; } // 注册监听事件 noticeView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.notice_view); turnOnOff = (Button) findViewById(R.id.turn_on_off); led0 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.led0); led1 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.led1); led2 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.led2); led3 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.led3); led4 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.led4); scrollView = (ScrollView) findViewById(R.id.scroll_view); recvView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.recv_view); clearRecvView = (Button) findViewById(R.id.clear_recv_view); sendText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.send_text); send = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send); turnOnOff.setOnClickListener(this); clearRecvView.setOnClickListener(this); send.setOnClickListener(this); if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { noticeView.setText("蓝牙未开启"); } else { noticeView.setText("蓝牙已开启"); } noticeView.setBackgroundColor(Color.GRAY); led0.setBackgroundColor(Color.GRAY); led1.setBackgroundColor(Color.GRAY); led2.setBackgroundColor(Color.GRAY); led3.setBackgroundColor(Color.GRAY); led4.setBackgroundColor(Color.GRAY); } private boolean isOn = false; @Override public void onClick(View view) { switch (view.getId()) { case R.id.turn_on_off: // 发送'0'或者'1'都可以 if (bluetoothAdapter == null || !bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙未开启", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; } if (connectedThread == null) { Toast.makeText(this, "未连接设备", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; } String turn_string = "1@#"; connectedThread.write(turn_string.getBytes()); if (isOn == false) { isOn = true; // 打开了 turnOnOff.setText("OFF"); led1.setText(""); led2.setText(""); led3.setText(""); led4.setText(""); } else { isOn = false; // 关闭了 turnOnOff.setText("ON"); led1.setText("LED1"); led2.setText("LED2"); led3.setText("LED3"); led4.setText("LED4"); } break; case R.id.clear_recv_view: // 清空接收框 recvView.setText(""); break; case R.id.send: // 发送数据，默认以"@#"结尾 if (bluetoothAdapter == null || !bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙未开启", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return; } if (connectedThread == null) { Toast.makeText(this, "未连接设备", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; } String inputText = sendText.getText().toString() + "@#"; // 发送给单片机数据以"@#结尾"，这样单片机知道一条数据发送结束 //Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, inputText, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); connectedThread.write(inputText.getBytes()); break; default: break; } } private android.os.Handler handler = new android.os.Handler() { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { Bundle bundle = null; switch (msg.what) { case RECV_VIEW: if (isOn == false) { isOn = true; turnOnOff.setText("OFF"); } bundle = msg.getData(); String recv = bundle.getString("recv"); recvView.append(recv + "\n"); scrollView.fullScroll(ScrollView.FOCUS_DOWN); // 滚动到底部 if (recv.isEmpty() || recv.contains(" ") || recv.contains("#")) { break; } int num = Integer.valueOf(recv) / 2; // 0-60s if (num <= 20) { led1.setText(""); led2.setText(""); led3.setText(""); led4.setText(""); led1.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED); led2.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED); led3.setBackgroundColor(Color.GREEN); led4.setBackgroundColor(Color.GREEN); } else if (num < 30) { int n = 30 - num; led1.setText("" + n); led2.setText("" + n); if (num < 28) { led3.setBackgroundColor(Color.GREEN); led4.setBackgroundColor(Color.GREEN); } else { led3.setBackgroundColor(Color.YELLOW); led4.setBackgroundColor(Color.YELLOW); } } else if (num <= 50) { led1.setText(""); led2.setText(""); led3.setText(""); led4.setText(""); led1.setBackgroundColor(Color.GREEN); led2.setBackgroundColor(Color.GREEN); led3.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED); led4.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED); } else { int n = 60 - num; led3.setText("" + n); led4.setText("" + n); if (num < 58) { led1.setBackgroundColor(Color.GREEN); led2.setBackgroundColor(Color.GREEN); } else { led1.setBackgroundColor(Color.YELLOW); led2.setBackgroundColor(Color.YELLOW); } } break; case NOTICE_VIEW: bundle = msg.getData(); String notice = bundle.getString("notice"); noticeView.setText(notice); break; default: break; } } }; @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present. getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu); return true; } @Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { int id = item.getItemId(); if (id == R.id.start_bluetooth) { if (bluetoothAdapter != null) { // 开启蓝牙 int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 1; if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); noticeView.setText("开启蓝牙成功"); //Toast.makeText(this, "开启蓝牙成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else { Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙已开启", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } return true; } else if (id == R.id.show_devices) { if (bluetoothAdapter != null) { if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙未开启", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return true; } // 查询配对设备 List<String> devices = new ArrayList<String>(); Set<BluetoothDevice> bondedDevices = bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices(); for (BluetoothDevice device : bondedDevices) { devices.add(device.getName() + "-" + device.getAddress()); } StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder(); for (String device : devices) { text.append(device + "\n"); } Toast.makeText(this, text, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } return true; } else if (id == R.id.find_devices) { Toast.makeText(this, "该功能暂时不可用", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else if (id == R.id.connect_devices) { if (bluetoothAdapter == null || !bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙未开启", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return true; } // 查询配对设备 建立连接，只能连接第一个配对的设备 List<String> devices = new ArrayList<String>(); Set<BluetoothDevice> bondedDevices = bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices(); for (BluetoothDevice device : bondedDevices) { connectThread = new ConnectThread(device); connectThread.start(); //Toast.makeText(this, "连接成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; } } return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item); } private class ConnectThread extends Thread { private final String MY_UUID = "00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"; private final BluetoothSocket socket; private final BluetoothDevice device; public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) { this.device = device; BluetoothSocket tmp = null; try { tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID.fromString(MY_UUID)); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } this.socket = tmp; } public void run() { bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); try { socket.connect(); connectedThread = new ConnectedThread(socket); connectedThread.start(); } catch (IOException e) { try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException ee) { ee.printStackTrace(); } return; } //manageConnectedSocket(socket); } public void cancel() { try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } // 客户端与服务器建立连接成功后，用ConnectedThread收发数据 private class ConnectedThread extends Thread { private final BluetoothSocket socket; private final InputStream inputStream; private final OutputStream outputStream; public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) { this.socket = socket; InputStream input = null; OutputStream output = null; try { input = socket.getInputStream(); output = socket.getOutputStream(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } this.inputStream = input; this.outputStream = output; } public void run() { StringBuilder recvText = new StringBuilder(); byte[] buff = new byte[1024]; int bytes; Bundle tmpBundle = new Bundle(); Message tmpMessage = new Message(); tmpBundle.putString("notice", "连接成功"); tmpMessage.what = NOTICE_VIEW; tmpMessage.setData(tmpBundle); handler.sendMessage(tmpMessage); while (true) { try { bytes = inputStream.read(buff); String str = new String(buff, "ISO-8859-1"); str = str.substring(0, bytes); // 收到数据，单片机发送上来的数据以"#"结束，这样手机知道一条数据发送结束 //Log.e("read", str); if (!str.endsWith("#")) { recvText.append(str); continue; } recvText.append(str.substring(0, str.length() - 1)); // 去除'#' Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); Message message = new Message(); bundle.putString("recv", recvText.toString()); message.what = RECV_VIEW; message.setData(bundle); handler.sendMessage(message); recvText.replace(0, recvText.length(), ""); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); break; } } } public void write(byte[] bytes) { try { outputStream.write(bytes); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void cancel() { try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
menu_main.xml文件如下：
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" tools:context=".MainActivity"> <item android:id="@+id/show_devices" android:title="@string/show_devices" android:orderInCategory="100" app:showAsAction="never" /> <item android:id="@+id/start_bluetooth" android:title="@string/start_bluetooth" android:orderInCategory="100" app:showAsAction="never" /> <item android:id="@+id/find_devices" android:title="@string/find_devices" android:orderInCategory="100" app:showAsAction="never" /> <item android:id="@+id/connect_devices" android:title="@string/connect_devices" android:orderInCategory="100" app:showAsAction="never" /> </menu>
strings.xml文件如下：
<resources> <string name="app_name">BlueTooth</string> <string name="action_settings">Settings</string> <string name="start_bluetooth">开启蓝牙</string> <string name="show_devices">查询配对设备</string> <string name="find_devices">搜索设备</string> <string name="connect_devices">连接设备</string> </resources>
到这里整个APP已经开发完成，亲测可用，如果有什么错误，欢迎评论指正谈论^_^。
到此，本文全部内容就给大家介绍完了，亲自测试过，代码安全可靠，放心实用，如果有任何问题欢迎给我留言，小编会及时回复的！