一. 需求:
要求:让小球沿着正弦波运动。
小球的构造函数如下:
// 圆球的构造函数
function Ball(radius, color) {
if(radius === undefined) { radius = 40; }
if(color === undefined) { color = "#ff0000"; }
this.x = 0;
this.y = 0;
this.radius = radius;
this.rotation = 0;
this.scaleX = 1;
this.scaleY = 1;
this.color = color;
this.lineWidth = 1;
}
Ball.prototype.draw = function(context) {
context.save();
context.translate(this.x, this.y);
context.rotate(this.rotation);
context.scale(this.scaleX, this.scaleY);
context.lineWidth = this.lineWidth;
context.fillStyle = this.color;
context.beginPath();
context.arc(0, 0, this.radius, 0, Math.PI * 2, true);
context.closePath();
context.fill();
if(this.lineWidth > 0) {
context.stroke();
}
context.restore();
}
二. 思路分析:
正弦波的实现可以使用正弦函数Math.sin(angle)绘制。其中,angle值作为变量并递增时,即可使物体按正弦曲线运动,从而实现正弦波动画。
过程如下:
(function drawFrame() {
window.requestAnimationFrame(drawFrame, canvas);
ball.y = Math.sin(angle) * range;
angle += speed;
ball.draw(context);
})();
可以在控制台中输出以下代码,了解下正弦波的数值分布:
var fullRadians = Math.PI * 2;
for(var angle = 0; angle < fullRadians; angle += 0.01) {
console.log(Math.sin(angle));
}
三. 实例:
代码:
<canvas id="canvas" width="400" height="400" style="background: #ccc;"></canvas>
window.onload = function() {
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"),
context = canvas.getContext("2d"),
ball = new Ball(2),
angle = 0,
range = 50,
speed = 0.1,
isFoward = true;
ball.x = 0;
ball.y = canvas.height / 2;
ball.lineWidth = 0;
(function drawFrame() {
window.requestAnimationFrame(drawFrame, canvas);
// context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
ball.y = canvas.height / 2 + Math.sin(angle) * 100;
if(isFoward) {
ball.x += speed * 20;
} else {
ball.x -= speed * 20;
}
if(ball.x > canvas.width) {
isFoward = false;
context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
} else if(ball.x < 0) {
isFoward = true;
context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
}
angle += speed;
ball.draw(context);
})();
};
四. 总结:
创建正弦波的方法,就是使用正弦函数Math.sin(angle)求值,并让弧度值angle根据运动时间递增。
创建正弦波的公式如下:
/**
* range:正选的波峰值
* center:y轴的交点
* speed:正弦波的运动速度
* angle:弧度值,递增的变量
*/
(function drawFrame() {
window.requestAnimationFrame(drawFrame, canvas);
valeue = center + Math.sin(angle) * range;
angle += speed;
})();