Android如何实现接收和发送短信

每一部手机都具有短信接收和发送功能，下面我们通过代码来实现接收和发送短信功能。

一、接收短信

1、创建内部广播接收器类，接收系统发出的短信广播
2、从获得的内容中解析出短信发送者和短信内容
3、在Activity中注册广播
4、添加接收短信权限

下面放上具体的代码 
activity_main.xml文件用于显示短信发送者号码和显示短信内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <TextView android:id="@+id/sms_from" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="20dp" android:text="From" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/sms_from_txt" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="20dp" android:layout_marginLeft="15dp" android:layout_toRightOf="@id/sms_from"/> <TextView android:id="@+id/sms_content" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="20dp" android:layout_below="@id/sms_from" android:layout_marginTop="20dp" android:text="Content" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/sms_content_txt" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="20dp" android:layout_marginLeft="15dp" android:layout_marginTop="20dp" android:layout_below="@id/sms_from_txt" android:layout_toRightOf="@id/sms_content"/> </RelativeLayout>

MainActivity.java文件

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private TextView fromTv; private TextView contentTv; private IntentFilter intentFilter; private MessageReceiver messageReceiver; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); initView(); getSms(); } private void getSms() { intentFilter = new IntentFilter(); intentFilter.addAction("android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"); messageReceiver = new MessageReceiver(); //设置较高的优先级 intentFilter.setPriority(100); registerReceiver(messageReceiver, intentFilter); } private void initView() { fromTv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.sms_from_txt); contentTv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.sms_content_txt); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); unregisterReceiver(messageReceiver); } class MessageReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras(); //提取短信消息 Object[] pdus = (Object[]) bundle.get("pdus"); SmsMessage[] messages = new SmsMessage[pdus.length]; for (int i = 0; i < messages.length; i++) { messages[i] = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[]) pdus[i]); } //获取发送方号码 String address = messages[0].getOriginatingAddress(); String fullMessage = ""; for (SmsMessage message : messages) { //获取短信内容 fullMessage += message.getMessageBody(); } //截断广播,阻止其继续被Android自带的短信程序接收到 abortBroadcast(); fromTv.setText(address); contentTv.setText(fullMessage); } } }

注：注册的广播接收器，一定要在OnDestroy()方法中取消注册。

由于短信广播是有序广播，如果我们不想让Android自带的短信程序接收到短信，就可以设置我们自身接收器的优先级，同时在我们接受完广播后将广播截断，阻止其被Android自带的短信程序接收到。

二、发送短信

1、获取接收者的号码和短信内容
2、获得短信发送管理实例
3、构造PendingIntent启动短信发送状态监控广播
4、调用发送短信函数，传入参数发送短信
5、构造广播接收器内部类监控短信是否发送成功
6、获得广播接收器实例和IntentFilter实例，注册广播接收器
7、在onDestroy()中取消注册的广播接收器
8、在AndroidManifest.xml文件中加入短信发送权限

下面放上具体的布局文件和代码 
activity_send_msg.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <EditText android:id="@+id/to_ed" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="50dp" android:hint="to"/> <EditText android:id="@+id/to_content" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="50dp" android:layout_below="@id/to_ed" android:hint="content"/> <Button android:id="@+id/send_msg" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="50dp" android:layout_below="@id/to_content" android:text="@string/send_message"/> </RelativeLayout>

SendMsgActivity.java文件

public class SendMsgActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener { private Context context; private EditText toEdit; private EditText toContent; private IntentFilter sendFilter; private SendStatusReceiver sendStatusReceiver; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_send_msg); context = this; initView(); } private void initView() { toEdit = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.to_ed); toContent = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.to_content); //添加发送按钮的点击监听事件 Button sendMsg = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_msg); sendMsg.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override public void onClick(View view) { switch (view.getId()){ case R.id.send_msg: sendMessage(); break; default: break; } } private void sendMessage() { //获取短信接收者号码 String to = toEdit.getText().toString(); //获取发送短信内容 String content = toContent.getText().toString(); //获得广播接收器实例和IntentFilter实例 sendStatusReceiver = new SendStatusReceiver(); sendFilter = new IntentFilter(); sendFilter.addAction("SENT_SMS_ACTION"); //注册广播监听 registerReceiver(sendStatusReceiver, sendFilter); //构造PendingIntent启动短信发送状态监控广播 Intent sendIntent = new Intent("SENT_SMS_ACTION"); PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0, sendIntent, 0); //获得短信管理实例 SmsManager smsManager = SmsManager.getDefault(); //调用发送短信函数，传入参数发送短信(第一、三、四参数依次为接收者号码,短信内容,短信发送状态监控的PendingIntent) smsManager.sendTextMessage(to, null, content, pi, null); } /** * 构造广播接收器内部类监控短信是否发送成功 */ class SendStatusReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{ @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { if (getResultCode() == RESULT_OK){ Toast.makeText(context, "successful", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }else{ Toast.makeText(context, "failed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); //取消注册的广播 unregisterReceiver(sendStatusReceiver); } }

在AndroidManifest.xml文件中加入短信发送权限 
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"/>

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。