测试的数据库有一天突然宕机,然后无法正常open了,这个问题虽然过去了一段时间,也在这儿总结一把。
从alert日志中的信息如下。
Fri Jan 10 16:09:42 2014
Archived Log entry 6837 added for thread 1 sequence 6863 ID 0x19db56aa dest 1:
Fri Jan 10 16:12:59 2014
Errors in file /oravl01/oracle/adm/FETABP2/diag/rdbms/fetabp2/FETABP2/trace/FETABP2_lgwr_2432.trc:
ORA-19502: write error on file "/oravl04/oradata/FETABP2/cntrl_1.dbf", block number 1191 (block size=16384)
ORA-27061: waiting for async I/Os failed
Linux-x86_64 Error: 28: No space left on device
Additional information: -1
Additional information: 131072
LGWR (ospid: 2432): terminating the instance due to error 19502
Fri Jan 10 16:13:01 2014
System state dump requested by (instance=1, osid=2432 (LGWR)), summary=[abnormal instance termination].
System State dumped to trace file /oravl01/oracle/adm/FETABP2/diag/rdbms/fetabp2/FETABP2/trace/FETABP2_diag_2422.trc
Non critical error ORA-48913 caught while writing to trace file "/oravl01/oracle/adm/FETABP2/diag/rdbms/fetabp2/FETABP2/trace/FETABP2_diag_2422.trc"
Error message: ORA-48913: Writing into trace file failed, file size limit [5242880] reached
Writing to the above trace file is disabled for now on...
Instance terminated by LGWR, pid = 2432
Fri Jan 10 16:32:32 2014
从上可以看到,数据库遇到了io问题,并且空间也不够了,直接宕机了。
先mount上再说,别直接拿过来就open,可能一些恢复问题让自己的误操作弄的更复杂了。如果生产环境,那影响就更大了。需要先做详细的判断再动手。
由于这个是测试环境先来演示一下错误。
alter database open
Errors in file /oravl01/oracle/adm/FETABP2/diag/rdbms/fetabp2/FETABP2/trace/FETABP2_ora_4780.trc:
ORA-10873: file 1 needs to be either taken out of backup mode or media recovered
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/oravl04/oradata/FETABP2/SYSTEM_1.dbf'
ORA-10873 signalled during: alter database open...
Fri Jan 10 17:02:26 2014
查看数据库状态。
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
MOUNTED
查看数据文件的scn情况
SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;
FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
---------- ------------------
1 1.3605E+13
2 1.3605E+13
3 1.3605E+13
4 1.3605E+13
5 1.3605E+13
6 1.3605E+13
7 1.3605E+13
8 1.3605E+13
9 1.3605E+13
10 1.3605E+13
11 1.3605E+13
11 rows selected.
显示不清楚,先格式化再看看。
SQL> col checkpoint_change# format 99999999999999999
SQL> /
FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
---------- ------------------
1 13605259062393
2 13605259062399
3 13605259062404
4 13605259062411
5 13605259062416
6 13605259062422
7 13605259062411
8 13605259062411
9 13605259062411
10 13605259062411
11 13605259062411
11 rows selected.
可以看到有很多不一致。
查看数据库文件头的scn情况,情况类似。
SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;
FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
---------- ------------------
1 13605259062393
2 13605259062399
3 13605259062404
4 13605259062411
5 13605259062416
6 13605259062422
7 13605259062411
8 13605259062411
9 13605259062411
10 13605259062411
11 13605259062411
如果是这个状态,可能是有对数据库做了什么其他的操作,查看热备份的情况
这下揪到问题了。
SQL> select * from v$backup;
FILE# STATUS CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------
1 ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
2 ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
3 ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
4 ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
5 ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
6 ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
7 ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
8 ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
9 ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
10 ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
11 ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
从日志里面翻看热备份的情况,连续好几天都没有end backup的命令出现,可见io的那个问题和这个也有一定的关系。
先修复一下。
用下面的sql生成修复语句。
select 'alter tablespace '||name|| ' end backup;' from v$tablespace where ts# in (select ts# from v$datafile where file# in (select file# from v$backup));
生成的命令如下。
alter tablespace system end backup;
.....
修复了一部分,查看备份表。可以看到好多状态都发生了改变。
SQL> select * from v$backup;
FILE# STATUS CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------
1 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
2 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
3 ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
4 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
5 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
6 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
7 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
8 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
9 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
10 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
11 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
11 rows selected.
修复完成后,可以看到状态都是not active的了。
SQL> select * from v$backup;
FILE# STATUS CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------
1 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
2 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
3 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
4 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
5 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
6 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
7 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
8 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
9 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
10 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
11 NOT ACTIVE 1.3605E+13 08-JAN-14
再次查看scn的情况。
SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile
2
SQL> /
FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
---------- ------------------
1 13607479649688
2 13607479649688
3 13607479649688
4 13607479649688
5 13607479649688
6 13607479649688
7 13607479649688
8 13607479649688
9 13607479649688
10 13607479649688
11 13607479649688
查看数据文件头的情况。
SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;
FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
---------- ------------------
1 13607479649688
2 13607479649688
3 13607479649688
4 13607479649688
5 13607479649688
6 13607479649688
7 13607479649688
8 13607479649688
9 13607479649688
10 13607479649688
11 13607479649688
确认没问题了,打开数据库。
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.