TDictionary 类似哈希表.
本例效果图:
代码文件:unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
Dialogs, StdCtrls;
type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
Memo1: TMemo;
Edit1: TEdit;
Edit2: TEdit;
Button1: TButton;
Button2: TButton;
Button3: TButton;
Button4: TButton;
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button4Click(Sender: TObject);
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
uses Generics.Collections; {Delphi 2009 新增的泛型容器单元}
var
Dictionary: TDictionary<Cardinal,string>;
{定义一个泛型 TDictionary 类, 指定有 Cardinal、string 构成}
{建立}
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
Dictionary := TDictionary<Cardinal,string>.Create;
Memo1.Clear;
Button1.Caption := Button1.Caption + ' 添加';
Button2.Caption := Button2.Caption + ' 删除';
Button3.Caption := Button3.Caption + ' 尝试取值';
Button4.Caption := Button4.Caption + ' 清空';
Edit1.Clear;
Edit2.Clear;
Edit1.NumbersOnly := True;
end;
{释放}
procedure TForm1.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
begin
Dictionary.Free;
end;
{添加}
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
key: Cardinal;
value: string;
str: string;
k,v: Boolean;
begin
key := StrToIntDef(Edit1.Text, 0);
value := Edit2.Text;
if value = '' then value := 'Null';
k := Dictionary.ContainsKey(key); {Key 是否存在}
v := Dictionary.ContainsValue(value); {Value 是否存在}
if not k then
begin
Dictionary.Add(key, value);
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('%d=%s', [key, value])); {同步显示}
end;
if k and not v then
begin
str := Format('key 已存在: %d=%s; 是否修改其值?', [key, Dictionary[key]]);
if MessageBox(0, PChar(str), '提示', MB_OKCANCEL or MB_ICONQUESTION) = mrOk then
begin
//Dictionary[key] := value; {Dictionary[key] = Dictionary.Item[key]}
Dictionary.AddOrSetValue(key, value); {也可使用上一句}
Memo1.Lines.Values[IntToStr(key)] := value; {同步显示}
end;
end;
if k and v then
begin
str := Format('%d=%s 已存在, 不能重复添加', [key, value]);
MessageBox(0, PChar(str), '错误', MB_OK + MB_ICONHAND);
end;
Text := IntToStr(Dictionary.Count);
end;
{删除: Remove}
procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
var
key: Integer;
i: Integer;
begin
key := StrToIntDef(Edit1.Text, 0);
if not Dictionary.ContainsKey(key) then
begin
ShowMessageFmt('key: %d 不存在', [key]);
Exit;
end;
Dictionary.Remove(key);
Text := IntToStr(Dictionary.Count);
{同步显示}
i := Memo1.Lines.IndexOfName(IntToStr(key));
if i > -1 then Memo1.Lines.Delete(i);
end;
{尝试取值: TryGetValue}
procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
var
key: Integer;
value: string;
begin
key := StrToIntDef(Edit1.Text, 0);
if Dictionary.TryGetValue(key, value) then
ShowMessageFmt('key: %d 已存在, 其值是: %s', [key, value])
else
ShowMessageFmt('key: %d 不存在', [key])
end;
{清空: Clear}
procedure TForm1.Button4Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
Dictionary.Clear;
Text := IntToStr(Dictionary.Count);
Memo1.Clear; {同步显示}
end;
end.